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Albanian Orthography Congress
The Albanian Orthography Congress () was a linguistics event held in Tirana, People's Republic of Albania, in 1972. It established for the first time the unified orthographic rules of the Albanian language which are still in use today. Background The efforts of establishing unified orthographic rules for the Albanian language had started in 1916 with the Literary Commission, in Shkodër, which aimed mainly in establishing a literary standard and established an "as phonetic as possible" approach of the future set of orthographic rules. After World War II, the differences and divergences between writing from within Albania and its adjacent Albanian populated regions were becoming visible. With the establishment of the University of Prishtina and the spread of Albanian literature in Yugoslavia, the unification of orthographic rules became crucial. Serious attempts were made in the 60s toward the standardization, starting with the publication ''Rregullat e drejtshkrimit të shqipe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tirana
Tirana ( , ; ) is the capital and List of cities and towns in Albania, largest city of Albania. It is located in the centre of the country, enclosed by mountains and hills, with Dajti rising to the east and a slight valley to the northwest overlooking the Adriatic Sea in the distance. It is among the wettest and sunniest cities in Europe, with 2,544 hours of sun per year. Tirana was founded in 1614 by Ottoman Albanian general Sulejman Bargjini, Sylejman Pasha Bargjini, centered on the Sulejman Pasha Mosque, Old Mosque and ''Sulejman Pasha Tomb, türbe''. The city was fairly unimportant until the 20th century, when the Congress of Lushnjë proclaimed it as Albania's capital after the Albanian Declaration of Independence in 1912. The site of present-day Tirana has been continuously inhabited since the Iron Age and was likely the core of the Illyrian kingdom of the Taulantii, which in classical antiquity was centred in the hinterland of Durrës, Epidamnus. Following the Illyrian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tosk Albanian
Tosk ( sq-definite, toskërishtja) is the southern group of dialects of the Albanian language, spoken by the ethnographic group known as Tosks. The line of demarcation between Tosk and Gheg (the northern variety) is the Shkumbin River. Tosk is the basis of the standard Albanian language. Major Tosk-speaking groups include the Myzeqars of Myzeqe, Labs of Labëria, Chams of Çamëria, Arvanites of Greece and the Arbëreshë of Italy, as well as the original inhabitants of Mandritsa in Bulgaria. In North Macedonia, there were approximately 3000 speakers in the early 1980s. Tosk features * Rhotacism: Proto-Albanian ''*-n-'' becomes ''-r-'' (e.g. ''rëra'' "sand") * Tosk dialects preserve the consonant sequences ''mb'', ''ngj'' and ''nd'' which are assimilated to ''m'', ''nj'' and ''n'' in Gheg. * Proto-Albanian ''*ō'' becomes ''va''. * Nasal vowels: There is a lack of nasal vowels in Tosk (e.g. ''sy'' "eye") and Late Proto-Albanian ''*â'' plus a nasal becomes ''ë'' ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Idriz Ajeti
Idriz Ajeti (26 June 1917 – 13 February 2019) was an Albanology, Albanologist from Kosovo and one of the main researchers and authorities on the Albanian language studies of post World War II. He was involved for a long period in the academic life of the University of Pristina (1969–99), University of Pristina, and was a member of the Academy of Sciences and Arts of Kosovo, serving as its chairman for seven years.Biography of Idriz Ajeti ashak.org; accessed 22 September 2017. Life Ajeti was born on 26 June 1917 in the Tupale () village of the Upper Jablanica District, Jablanica region in Serbia (modern Medveđa municipality). He finished the Serbian language elementary school in the nearby Sijarinska Banja village which he finished by 1930, and high school studies in the Royal Madrasa in ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dialectology
Dialectology (from Ancient Greek, Greek , ''dialektos'', "talk, dialect"; and , ''-logy, -logia'') is the scientific study of dialects: subsets of languages. Though in the 19th century a branch of historical linguistics, dialectology is often now considered a sub-field of, or subsumed by, sociolinguistics. It studies variations in language based primarily on geographic distribution and their associated features. Dialectology deals with such topics as divergence of two local dialects from a common ancestor and Historical_linguistics#Diachronic_and_synchronic_analysis, synchronic variation. Dialectologists are ultimately concerned with grammatical, lexical and phonological features that correspond to regional areas. Thus they usually deal not only with populations that have lived in certain areas for generations, but also with migrant groups that bring their languages to new areas (see language contact). Commonly studied concepts in dialectology include the problem of mutual intellig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Grammar
In linguistics, grammar is the set of rules for how a natural language is structured, as demonstrated by its speakers or writers. Grammar rules may concern the use of clauses, phrases, and words. The term may also refer to the study of such rules, a subject that includes phonology, morphology (linguistics), morphology, and syntax, together with phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. There are, broadly speaking, two different ways to study grammar: traditional grammar and #Theoretical frameworks, theoretical grammar. Fluency in a particular language variety involves a speaker internalizing these rules, many or most of which are language acquisition, acquired by observing other speakers, as opposed to intentional study or language teaching, instruction. Much of this internalization occurs during early childhood; learning a language later in life usually involves more direct instruction. The term ''grammar'' can also describe the linguistic behaviour of groups of speakers and writer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pedagogue
Pedagogy (), most commonly understood as the approach to teaching, is the theory and practice of learning, and how this process influences, and is influenced by, the social, political, and psychological development of learners. Pedagogy, taken as an academic discipline, is the study of how knowledge and skills are imparted in an educational context, and it considers the interactions that take place during learning. Both the theory and practice of pedagogy vary greatly as they reflect different social, political, and cultural contexts. Pedagogy is often described as the act of teaching. The pedagogy adopted by teachers shapes their actions, judgments, and teaching strategies by taking into consideration theories of learning, understandings of students and their needs, and the backgrounds and interests of individual students. Its aims may range from furthering liberal education (the general development of human potential) to the narrower specifics of vocational education (the im ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Education And Sport (Albania)
Ministry may refer to: Government * Ministry (collective executive), the complete body of government ministers under the leadership of a prime minister * Ministry (government department), a department of a government Religion * Christian ministry, activity by Christians to spread or express their faith ** Minister (Christianity), clergy authorized by a church or religious organization to perform teaching or rituals ** Ordination, the process by which individuals become clergy * Ministry of Jesus, activities described in the Christian gospels * ''Ministry'' (magazine), a magazine for pastors published by the Seventh-day Adventist Church Music * Ministry (band), an American industrial metal band * Ministry of Sound, a London nightclub and record label Fiction * Ministry of Magic, governing body in the ''Harry Potter'' series * Ministry of Darkness, a professional wrestling stable led by The Undertaker See also * Minister (other) * Department (other) D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thoma Deliana
Thoma Deliana (1925–2014) was an Albanian politician of the Communist Albania period, being the longest serving Minister of Education (1963-1976) in overall. Life Deliana was born in 1925 in on Orthodox family of the Kala neighborhood of Elbasan in central Albania. He finished the elementary school in his town, and then enrolled in the Normal School of Elbasan where he was taught by Aleksander Xhuvani. As many other attenders of the school, he joined the ranks of the National Liberation Movement (LANC) during World War II. After distinguishing himself as a youth-member of the resistance, he was elected member of the Central Committee of the Albanian Antifascist Youth - the youth fraction of the LANC, in its first congress held in Helmës of Skrapar region. In September 1944, he was elected Head of the Antifascist Youth of Elbasan District and member of the Antifascist Council of LANC. After World War II, with the rise of the Communists in power, he started working in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Youth Union Of Albania
The Labour Youth Union of Albania (Albanian language, Albanian: ''Bashkimi i Rinisë së Punës së Shqipërisë'') was the youth organization of the Party of Labour of Albania. Founded on November 23, 1941 as the Communist Youth it was officially described as the "''greatest revolutionary force of inexhaustible strength''" and a "''strong fighting reserve of the party''" it was a key organization for political socialization in socialist Albania. It was affiliated with the Democratic Front of Albania, Democratic Front. Organization The union operated directly under the Party of Labour of Albania, with its local organs supervised by the relevant district or city party committees. Founded in 1941, the union was considered one of the most important auxiliaries of the party. Organized in the same way as the party, the union had city and district committees, and higher organs, including the politburo and Central Committee. It was patterned after All-Union Leninist Communist Youth Lea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mahir Domi
Mahir Domi (1915–2000) was an Albanian linguist, professor, and academic. He was one of the organizers and main participants of the Albanian Orthography Congress, and member of the follow-up commission responsible for deploying the orthographic rules of the Standard Albanian language. Biography Domi was born in Elbasan, Albania on 12 March,1915. He started his high school studies in the Norman School there, and finished them in the French Lyceum of Korçë in 1937. After that he registered in the University of Grenoble in France, from where he graduated in classic philology in 1941. The same year he started teaching at the Normal School of Elbasan, and later he became its director. From 1947, he started working in the Institute of Sciences (an early precursor of the Albanian Academy of Sciences) and lecturer at the High Pedagogical Institute in Tirana. Domi participated as co-editor in the ''Albanian language dictionary'' () in 1954. With the establishment of the Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
