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Al-Mutawakkil II
Al-Mutawakkil II (, Abū l-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz; 1416 – 27 September 1497) was the fifteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo) , Mamluk Sultanate between 1479 and 1497. His father, Ya'qub, was son of Al-Mutawakkil I. Life His name was ''Abdul Aziz ibn Ya`qub ibn Muhammad''. Al-Mutawakkil II and his mother is called ''Haji Malik'', the daughter of one of the soldiers. He was loved between the private and the public because of the excellence of literature, ethics and humility, and a screen for each one. When his uncle became ill, and his illness was entrusted to him after the office, when he died on the sixteenth of Muharram of 884. In 885 the prince led a campaign to the Turkmen. He met with the Emir of the State (the White Shah), defeated the List of Mamluk sultans, Mamluks, captured the Yishpak and was killed on the shore of the Euphrates River. Then the Sultan "Qaitbay" reconciled with the Emirate (the White Shah). He was succeeded by al-Mustamsi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caliph
A caliphate ( ) is an institution or public office under the leadership of an Islamic steward with Khalifa, the title of caliph (; , ), a person considered a political–religious successor to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a leader of the entire Muslim world (''ummah''). Historically, the caliphates were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires. During the medieval period, three major caliphates succeeded each other: the Rashidun Caliphate (632–661), the Umayyad Caliphate (661–750), and the Abbasid Caliphate (750–1517). In the fourth major caliphate, the Ottoman Caliphate, the rulers of the Ottoman Empire claimed caliphal authority from 1517 until the Ottoman caliphate was Abolition of the Caliphate, formally abolished as part of the Atatürk's reforms, 1924 secularisation of Turkey. An attempt to preserve the title was tried, with the Sharifian Caliphate, but this caliphate fell quickly after its conquest by the Sultanate o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Mamluk Sultans
The following is a list of Mamluk sultans. The Mamluk Sultanate was founded in 1250 by '' mamluks'' of the Ayyubid sultan as-Salih Ayyub and it succeeded the Ayyubid state. It was based in Cairo and for much of its history, the territory of the sultanate spanned Egypt, Syria and parts of Anatolia, Upper Mesopotamia and the Hejaz. The sultanate ended with the advent of the Ottoman Empire in 1517. The Mamluk period is generally divided into two periods, the Bahri and Burji periods. The Bahri sultans were predominantly of Turkic origins, while the Burji sultans were predominantly ethnic Circassians. While the first three Mamluk sultans, Aybak Izz al-Din AybakThe name Aybeg or Aibak or Aybak is a combination of two Turkic words, "Ay" = Moon and "Beg" or variant "Bak" = Emir in Arabic. -(Al-Maqrizi, Note p.463/vol.1 ) () (''epithet:'' al-Malik al-Mu'izz Izz al-Din Aybak al-Jawshangir ..., his son al-Mansur Ali, and Qutuz, are generally considered part of the Bahri dynas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1497 Deaths
Year 1497 ( MCDXCVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Julian calendar. Events January–December * February 7 (Shrove Tuesday) – Followers of Girolamo Savonarola burn thousands of "immoral" objects, at the '' Bonfire of the Vanities'' in Florence. * March – The Russo-Swedish War (1495–1497) ends with a six year truce. Due to gathering unrest at home, the Swedish leader Sten Sture the Elder is forced to offer a peace to Ivan III of Moscow. * May – The Cornish Rebellion breaks out in England, incited by war taxes. * May 10 – Amerigo Vespucci allegedly leaves Cádiz, for his first voyage to the New World. * May 12 – Pope Alexander VI excommunicates Girolamo Savonarola. * May 20 – John Cabot sets sail from Bristol, on the ship '' Matthew'' (principally owned by Richard Amerike), looking for new lands to the west (some sources give a May 2 date). * June 13 – The Catholic Monarchs issue the ordinance of Medina ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1416 Births
Year 1416 ( MCDXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events January–March * January 21 – King Henry V summons the English Parliament to meet on March 16. * January 27 – The Republic of Ragusa is the first state in Europe to outlaw slavery. * February 9 – Sigismund, King of the Romans, creates the independent Duchy of Savoy with Count Amadeus the Peaceful becoming the first Duke of Savoy and taking the regnal title Amadeus VIII. * March 1 – Sigismund, King of Germany arrives in Paris to reach an agreement with the Franch government, but is unable to because of difficulty in reaching an agreement satisfactory to the Orleanist and Burgundian factions of government. * March 11 – The Battle of Valmont takes place in the neighboring towns of Valmont and Harfleur, as Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter and his English Army troops inflict heavy casualties on a larger group of French soldiers commanded by * March 16 & ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mustamsik
Al-Mustamsik (, Abū ṣ-Ṣabr Yaʿqūb al-Mustamsik bi-Llāh; died 1521) was the sixteenth and penultimate Abbasid caliph of Cairo Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, L ... under the tutelage of the Mamluk Sultanate. He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son, al-Mutawakkil III. References * Bibliography * * 1521 deaths 15th-century Abbasid caliphs 16th-century Abbasid caliphs Cairo-era Abbasid caliphs 1470s births Sons of Abbasid caliphs Long stubs with short prose {{MEast-royal-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Caliphs
A caliph is the religious and political leader of an Islamic state known as the caliphate. Caliphs (also known as 'Khalifas') led the Muslim as political successors to the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and widely recognised caliphates have existed in various forms for most of Islamic History, Islamic history. The first caliphate, the Rashidun Caliphate, was ruled by the four Rashidun, Rashidun caliphs (, ), Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and Ali, who are considered by Sunni muslims, Sunni Muslims to have been the most virtuous and pure caliphs. They were chosen by popular acclamation or by a small committee, in contrast with the following caliphates, which were mostly hereditary. On the other hand, Shiites only recognise Ali and consider the first three caliphs to be usurpers. The Rashidun caliphate ended with the First Fitna, which transferred authority to the Umayyad dynasty that presided over the Umayyad Caliphate, the largest caliphate and the last one to actively rule the entire Muslim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mustanjid (Cairo)
Abu al-Mahasin Yusuf al-Mustanjid bi'llah (; died 7 April 1479) was the fourteenth Abbasid caliph of Cairo for the Mamluk Sultanate between 1455 and 1479. Life Al-Mustanjid was the son of Al-Mutawakkil I. His given name was Yusuf and his Kunya was Abu al-Mahasin. The 1455 mutiny convinced caliph al-Qa'im to abandon his support for Sayf ad-Din Inal and join the uprising. With the caliph providing symbolic legitimacy to the ''mamluks'', they took up arms and assaulted the citadel. Finding himself faced with no alternatives, Inal launched an offensive against the mutineers. The Royal Mamluk Guard of the citadel resisted the rebels and eventually dispersed the Zahiris. Inal had al-Qa'im arrested and imprisoned in Alexandria. He was replaced by al-Mustanjid. All ''mamluks'' with the exception of the royal guard were removed from their positions in citadel and some of the mutineers were either imprisoned or exiled.Muir, 1896, p157/ref> Despite the insurrection, Inal supplied the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bulletin Of The School Of Oriental And African Studies
Bulletin or The Bulletin may refer to: Periodicals (newspapers, magazines, journals) * ''Bulletin'' (online newspaper), a Swedish online newspaper * ''The Bulletin'' (Australian periodical), an Australian magazine (1880–2008) ** Bulletin Debate, a famous dispute from 1892 to 1893 between Henry Lawson and Banjo Paterson * ''The Bulletin'' (alternative weekly), an alternative weekly published in Montgomery County, Texas, U.S. * ''The Bulletin'' (Bend), a daily newspaper in Bend, Oregon, U.S. * ''The Bulletin'' (Belgian magazine), a weekly English-language magazine published in Brussels, Belgium * ''The Bulletin'' (Philadelphia newspaper), a newspaper in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S. (2004–2009) * ''The Bulletin'' (Norwich) * ''London Bulletin'', surrealist monthly magazine (1938–1940) * ''The Morning Bulletin'', a daily newspaper published in Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia since 1861 * ''Philadelphia Bulletin'', a newspaper published in Philadelphia, U.S. (1847� ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portable Document Format
Portable document format (PDF), standardized as ISO 32000, is a file format developed by Adobe in 1992 to present documents, including text formatting and images, in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems. Based on the PostScript language, each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, vector graphics, raster images and other information needed to display it. PDF has its roots in "The Camelot Project" initiated by Adobe co-founder John Warnock in 1991. PDF was standardized as ISO 32000 in 2008. The last edition as ISO 32000-2:2020 was published in December 2020. PDF files may contain a variety of content besides flat text and graphics including logical structuring elements, interactive elements such as annotations and form-fields, layers, rich media (including video content), three-dimensional objects using U3D or PRC, and various other data formats. The PDF specific ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institut Français D'Archéologie Orientale
An institute is an organizational body created for a certain purpose. They are often research organisations (research institutes) created to do research on specific topics, or can also be a professional body. In some countries, institutes can be part of a university or other institutions of higher education, either as a group of departments or an autonomous educational institution without a traditional university status such as a "university institute", or institute of technology. In some countries, such as South Korea and India, private schools are sometimes referred to as institutes; also, in Spain, secondary schools are referred to as institutes. Historically, in some countries, institutes were educational units imparting vocational training and often incorporating libraries, also known as mechanics' institutes. The word "institute" comes from the Latin word ''institutum'' ("facility" or "habit"), in turn derived from ''instituere'' ("build", "create", "raise" or "ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Mutawakkil I
Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Abi Bakr (died 9 January 1406), commonly known as al-Mutawakkil I, was the 44th Abbasid caliphs of Cairo, Abbasid caliph and the seventh one to rule in Cairo, reigning from 1362 to 1383 and then from 1389 to 1406, under the Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo), Mamluk Sultanate. Biography During his reign Khallas Mansour Mohammed in 764 and the Sultanate's accession to his cousin Al-Ashraf Sha'ban, Ashraf Shaaban bin Hussein bin Nasser bin Qalawun. In 767, the Franks and the King of Cyprus took possession of Alexandria. The Crusades did not end with the expulsion of the Crusaders from Acre in 690 and their completion from all the Levant during the days of Ashraf Salah al-Din Khalil ibn al-Mansur Qalawun. They were expelled from the island of Arwad in 702 days. But the Crusades continued because many of the Crusaders had taken refuge in the island of Cyprus after being expelled from the Levant, and they took this island as a stable, and they raided the lands of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cairo
Cairo ( ; , ) is the Capital city, capital and largest city of Egypt and the Cairo Governorate, being home to more than 10 million people. It is also part of the List of urban agglomerations in Africa, largest urban agglomeration in Africa, List of largest cities in the Arab world, the Arab world, and List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East, the Middle East. The Greater Cairo metropolitan area is List of largest cities, one of the largest in the world by population with over 22.1 million people. The area that would become Cairo was part of ancient Egypt, as the Giza pyramid complex and the ancient cities of Memphis, Egypt, Memphis and Heliopolis (ancient Egypt), Heliopolis are near-by. Located near the Nile Delta, the predecessor settlement was Fustat following the Muslim conquest of Egypt in 641 next to an existing ancient Roman empire, Roman fortress, Babylon Fortress, Babylon. Subsequently, Cairo was founded by the Fatimid Caliphate, Fatimid dynasty in 969. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
