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Afro-Cuban
Afro-Cubans () or Black Cubans are Cubans of full or partial sub-Saharan African ancestry. The term ''Afro-Cuban'' can also refer to historical or cultural elements in Cuba associated with this community, and the combining of native African and other cultural elements found in Cuban society, such as race, religion, music, language, the arts and class culture. Demographics According to the 2002 national census that surveyed 11.2 million Cubans, 1 million or 11% of Cubans identified as Afro-Cuban or Black. Some 3 million identified as "mulatto" or "mestizo", meaning of mixed race, primarily a combination of African and European. Thus more than 40% of the population on the island affirm some African ancestry. The Cuban Revolution brought to power Fidel Castro, who promised a communist society without racism. His government promised equal opportunities for education, health care and work. There has been much scholarly discussion about the demographic composition of the isl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Santería
Santería (), also known as Regla de Ocha, Regla Lucumí, or Lucumí, is an African diaspora religions, Afro-Caribbean religion that developed in Cuba during the late 19th century. It arose amid a process of syncretism between the traditional Yoruba religion of West Africa, Catholicism, and Kardecist spiritism, Spiritism. There is no central authority in control of Santería and much diversity exists among practitioners, who are known as ''creyentes'' ("believers"). Santería teaches the existence of a transcendent creator divinity, Olodumare, under whom are spirits known as ''Orisha, oricha''. Typically deriving their names and attributes from traditional Yoruba deities, these ''oricha'' are equated with Roman Catholic saints and associated with various myths. Each human is deemed to have a personal link to a particular ''oricha'' who influences their personality. Olodumare is believed to be the ultimate source of ''Aṣẹ, aché'', a supernatural force permeating the univers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palo (religion)
Palo, also known as Las Reglas de Congo, is an African diasporic religion that developed in Cuba during the late 19th or early 20th century. It draws heavily upon the traditional Kongo religion of Central Africa, with additional influences taken from Catholicism and from Spiritism. An initiatory religion practised by ''paleros'' (male) and ''paleras'' (female), Palo is organised through small autonomous groups called ''munanso congo'', each led by a ''tata'' (father) or ''yayi'' (mother). Although teaching the existence of a creator divinity, commonly called Nsambi, Palo regards this entity as being uninvolved in human affairs and instead focuses its attention on the spirits of the dead. Central to Palo is the ''nganga'', a vessel usually made from an iron cauldron. Many ''nganga'' are regarded as material manifestations of ancestral or nature deities known as ''mpungu''. The ''nganga'' will typically contain a wide range of objects, among the most important being sticks and h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abakuá
Abakuá, also sometimes known as Ñañiguismo, is a Cuban initiatory religious fraternity founded in 1836. The society is open only to men and those initiated take oaths to not reveal the secret teachings and practices of the order. Members are typically known as Abanékues and are divided amongst lodges or chapters called ''juegos''. Abakuá derives largely from the Ekpe, Ékpè society of West Africa, but displays adaptations like the inclusion of Catholic Church, Roman Catholic symbolism. The society teaches the existence of a supreme divinity named Abasí who supplied humanity with a form of power which holds a central place in Abakuá's origin myth. Rituals are called ''plantes'' and typically take place in a secluded room, the ''fambá''. Many of the details of these ceremonies are kept secret although they usually involve drumming. Some of the Abakuá society's ceremonies take place in public. Most notable are the public parades on the Epiphany (holiday), Day of the Three ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuba
Cuba, officially the Republic of Cuba, is an island country, comprising the island of Cuba (largest island), Isla de la Juventud, and List of islands of Cuba, 4,195 islands, islets and cays surrounding the main island. It is located where the northern Caribbean Sea, Gulf of Mexico, and Atlantic Ocean meet. Cuba is located east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola (Haiti/Dominican Republic), and north of Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Havana is the largest city and capital. Cuba is the List of countries and dependencies by population, third-most populous country in the Caribbean after Haiti and the Dominican Republic, with about 10 million inhabitants. It is the largest country in the Caribbean by area. The territory that is now Cuba was inhabited as early as the 4th millennium BC, with the Guanahatabey and Taino, Taíno peoples inhabiting the area at the time of Spanish colonization of the Americas, Spanish colonization ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Oriente Province
Oriente (, "East") was the easternmost province of Cuba until 1976. The term "Oriente" is still used to refer to the eastern part of the country, which currently is divided into five different provinces. The origins of Oriente lie in the 1607 division of Cuba into a western and eastern administration. The eastern part was governed from Santiago de Cuba and it was subordinate to the national government in Havana. In 1807, Cuba was divided into three ''departamentos'': Occidental, Central and Oriental. This arrangement lasted until 1851, when the central department was merged back into the West. In 1878, Cuba was divided into six provinces. Oriente remained intact but was officially renamed to Santiago de Cuba Province until the name was reverted to Oriente in 1905. Fidel and Raúl Castro were born in a small town in Oriente province ( Birán). The province was split in 1976 into five different provinces: Las Tunas Province, Granma Province, Holguín Province, Santiago de Cub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cuban Vodú
The religion of Haitian Vodou () has been present in Cuba since at least the 18th century. It was transmitted to the island by Haitian migrants, the numbers of whom grew rapidly in the early 20th century, and is primarily practised by their descendants. It is distributed primarily in eastern parts of the island, especially in Oriente. In Cuba, some practitioners of Haitian Vodou have also become involved in the related Afro-Cuban religion of Santería. History Background Around 35 miles separate the republic of Haiti from the eastern end of Cuba. From the 16th century onward, West European colonists transported large numbers of enslaved West and Central Africans to the two Caribbean colonies, where the African traditional religions they brought with them developed into new African diasporic traditions. In Haiti, this took the form of Haitian Vodou. This religion was primarily influenced by the traditional religions of the Fon and Bakongo peoples, but also absorbed the iconograph ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cubans
Cubans () are the citizens and nationals of Cuba. The Cuban people have varied origins with the most spoken language being Spanish. The larger Cuban diaspora includes individuals that trace ancestry to Cuba and self-identify as Cuban but are not necessarily Cuban by citizenship. The United States has the largest Cuban population in the world after Cuba. The modern nation of Cuba, located in the Caribbean, emerged as an independent country following the Spanish-American War of 1898, which led to the end of Spanish colonial rule. The subsequent period of American influence, culminating in the formal independence of Cuba in 1902, initiated a complex process of national identity formation. This identity is characterized by a blend of Indigenous Taíno, African, and Spanish cultural elements, reflecting a unique multicultural heritage. The Cuban Revolution of 1959, which brought Fidel Castro to power, marked a significant turning point as it transformed the political landscap ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arará
Arará is an African diasporic religion that developed in Cuba during the late 19th century. It is sometimes regarded as a distinct religion of its own, and at other times as a variant of Santería. Its origins come from people descended from the Dahomey kingdom of West Africa, and retaining an identity, religion, and culture separate from those of other Afro-Cuban peoples. Although, historically, the Arará people have been staunch defenders of their separate heritage and religion, this distinct identity - while it still persists - has, over time, become increasingly blurred and harder to maintain. Definitions Arará is a religion of Dahomean origins. The ethnomusicologist María Teresa Vélez noted that Arará was "closely related" to Santería; although its origins are not Yoruba, it is sometimes considered a branch of Santería rather than a separate system. The religion is centred in Matanzas although has followers in Las Villas and Oriente. By the start of the 21st centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arará Religion
Arará is an African diasporic religion that developed in Cuba during the late 19th century. It is sometimes regarded as a distinct religion of its own, and at other times as a variant of Santería. Its origins come from people descended from the Dahomey kingdom of West Africa, and retaining an identity, religion, and culture separate from those of other Afro-Cuban peoples. Although, historically, the Arará people have been staunch defenders of their separate heritage and religion, this distinct identity - while it still persists - has, over time, become increasingly blurred and harder to maintain. Definitions Arará is a religion of Dahomean origins. The ethnomusicologist María Teresa Vélez noted that Arará was "closely related" to Santería; although its origins are not Yoruba, it is sometimes considered a branch of Santería rather than a separate system. The religion is centred in Matanzas although has followers in Las Villas and Oriente. By the start of the 21st centur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lucumí Language
Lucumí consists of a lexicon of words and short phrases derived from the Yoruba language and used for ritual purposes in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico and their Diasporas. It is used as the liturgical language of Santería in the Spanish Caribbean and other communities that practice Santería/Orisa/the Lucumí religion/Regla de Ocha. The Yorùbá language has not been a vernacular among Yoruba descendants in the Americas since the time of the trans-Atlantic slave trade; devotees of the Orisa religion as it formed in the Spanish Caribbean use a liturgical language that developed from its remains. Lucumí has also been influenced by the phonetics and pronunciation of Spanish. The essential and non-negotiable tonal aspect of Yorùbá has also been lost in the Lucumí lexicon of Cuban Orisa tradition. Scholars have found some minimal influence from Bantu languages and Fongbe, some of which were spoken by other enslaved Africans who lived in close proximity to Yorùbá s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Habla Congo
or is a Kongo-based liturgical language of the Palo religion with origins in Cuba, Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, later spreading to other countries in the Caribbean Basin. The language may be called or but is generally referred to simply as , meaning "language" in Spanish. It involves code-switching between Kongo-derived words and phrases; Bozal Spanish, the archaic Spanish creole of the Caribbean slave plantations, or at least an imitation of it; and colloquial Caribbean Spanish * Caribbean Spanish (, ) is the general name of the Spanish dialects spoken in the Caribbean region. The Spanish language was introduced to the Caribbean in 1492 with the voyages of Christopher Columbus. It resembles the Spanish spoken in the Ca .... A (Palo priest) would say that he (or ) "speaks Kongo," , or . It is not secret, but it is intended to be impenetrable to the uninitiated.Armin Schwegler, 2006. "Bozal Spanish". In ''Studies in Contact Linguistics: Essays in Honor of Glen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Afro–Puerto Ricans
Afro–Puerto Ricans (), most commonly known as Puerto Rico#Etymology , Afroboricuas, but also occasionally referred to as ''Afroborinqueños,'' ''Afroborincanos'', or ''Afropuertorros,'' are Puerto Ricans of full or partial Sub-Saharan Africa, sub-Saharan African origin, who are predominately the descendants of Slavery in Latin America, slaves, Freedman, freedmen, and Free Negro, free Blacks original to West Africa, West and Central Africa. The term ''Afro-Puerto Rican'' is also used to refer to historical or cultural elements in Puerto Rico, Puerto Rican society associated with this community, including Music of Puerto Rico, music, Puerto Rican Spanish, language, Puerto Rican cuisine, cuisine, Puerto Rican art, art, and Religion in Puerto Rico, religion. The history of Afro-Puerto Ricans traces its origins to the arrival of free West Africa, West African Black men, or ''libertos'' (freedmen), who accompanied Spanish Empire, Spanish Conquistador Juan Ponce de León at the sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
