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Adadura
Adadura was an ancient region of Anatolia located west of the Kızılırmak River and one of the lands of the Assuwa coalition that opposed the Hittites. It is mentioned only in the ''Annals of Tudḫaliya'', a text that chronicled the acts of Hittite monarch Tudḫaliya I.Bryce, Trevor. (1999). ''The Kingdom of the Hittites''. United Kingdom, Oxford University PressGoogle Books Etymology The etymology of Adadura is unknown. The Luwian ''ada'' has been classified as a third person plural pronoun comparable to the English-language "their." It was one of six lands the Hittites named using the ''dur'' root, possibly from the Akkadian language ''e.durû'' meaning “settlement" and/or "the area around a city or village. The root ''dur'' was commonly appended to the name of cities by the Kassites after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1595 BC and had the meaning "fortification" or "city wall."“dūru A”, in The Assyrian Dictionary of the Oriental Institute of the University of Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Assuwa
Assuwa () was a region of Bronze Age Anatolia located west of the Kızılırmak River. It was mentioned in Aegean, Anatolian and Egyptian inscriptions but is best known from Hittite records describing a league of 22 towns or states that rebelled against Hittite authority. It disappears from history during the thirteenth century BC. Etymology The name appears in different scripts over the course of a few hundred years. The individual etymologies are unknown, but scholarship has come to accept that the is cognate to the ).Cline, Eric H. (1996). ''Assuwa and the Achaeans: The Mycenaean Sword at Hattusas and Its Possible Implications''. The Annual at the British School at Athens, Vol. 91, pp. 137–151ResearchGate/ref> * Luwic: ''a-šu-wi-ya''Achterberg, W. (2004). ''The Phaistos Disc: A Luwian Letter to Nestor'', p. 99. Netherlands: Dutch Archaeological and Historical SocietyAcademic.edu/ref>Best, Jan and Woudhuizen, Fred. (1988). ''Ancient Scripts from Crete and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ancient Regions Of Anatolia
The following is a list of regions of Ancient Anatolia, also known as "Asia Minor." The names reflect changes to languages, settlements and polities from the Bronze Age to conquest by Turkic peoples. Bronze Age * Abbawiya * Adadura *Adana * Aḫḫulla * Alatra * Ankuwa * Apasa * Arawana *Arzawa * Arziya * Assuwa * Dadassas * Dunda * Dura * Durmitta * Durpina * Dalauwa * Dankuwa * Duruwaduruwa * Gargiya * Halluwa * Haballa * Harziuna * Hatti * Himmuwa * Hulaya River Land * Ḥuwallušiya * Iksunuwa * Istanuwa * Isuwa * Kalasma * Land of the Kaskians * Kassiya * Kispuwa * Kizzuwadna * Kuruppiya *Kussara * Kuwaliya * Lallupiya * Lawazantiya * Lazpa * Lower Land * Lukka * Land of Luwiya *Masa * Mīllawānda *Mira * Mount Pahurina * Nenisankuwa * Neša * Palà * Parista * Pasuhalta * Pitassa * Purushanda * Sallusa * Saḫiriya *Seha River Land * Siyanda * Tarhuntassa * Tumanna * Tuwanuwa *Troy * Unaliya * Upper Land * Walma *Wilusa * Zallara * Zalpa * Zippasla Iron Age * A ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (, Turkish language, Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River () and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation. Geography The Kızılırmak flows for a total of , rising in Eastern Anatolia around , flowing first to the west and southwest until , then forming a wide arch, the "Halys bend", flowing first to the west, then to the northwest, passing to the northeast of Lake Tuz (''Tuz Gölü'' in Turkish), then to the north and northeast, where it is joined by its major tributary, the Delice River (once known in Greek as the Cappadox river) at . After zigzagging to the northwest to the confluence with the Devrez River at , and back to the northeast, it joins the Gökırmak (Sky ''River'' in Turkish) before finally flowing via a wide Kızılırmak Delta, delta into the Black Sea northwest of Samsun at . Delta History The Hittites called the river the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hittites
The Hittites () were an Anatolian peoples, Anatolian Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in modern-day Turkey in the early 2nd millennium BC. The Hittites formed a series of Polity, polities in north-central Anatolia, including the kingdom of Kussara (before 1750 BC), the Kültepe, Kanesh or Nesha Kingdom (–1650 BC), and an empire centered on their capital, Hattusa (around 1650 BC). Known in modern times as the Hittite Empire, it reached its peak during the mid-14th century BC under Šuppiluliuma I, when it encompassed most of Anatolia and parts of the northern Levant and Upper Mesopotamia, bordering the rival empires of the Hurri-Mitanni and Assyrians. Between the 15th and 13th centuries BC, the Hittites were one of the dominant powers of the Near East, coming into conflict with the New Kingdom of Egypt, the Middle Assyrian Empi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tudḫaliya I
Tudḫaliya I (sometimes considered identical with Tudḫaliya II and called Tudḫaliya I/II ) was a Hittite great king in the 15th century BC, ruling perhaps c. 1465–c. 1440 BC Identity The numbering of Hittite kings named Tudḫaliya ( Hittite: 𒌅𒌓𒄩𒇷𒅀 ''Tūdḫaliya'') varies between scholars because of debate over the identity (or not) between the first two bearers of the name. This Tudḫaliya, now attested as the son of a certain Kantuzzili, succeeded Muwatalli I, after the latter was murdered by the officials Ḫimuili and Kantuzzili (not necessarily identical to Tudḫaliya's father). The same or a distinct Tudḫaliya was the father-in-law and predecessor of Arnuwanda I. Because of uncertainty, scholars are divided in the interpretation of the evidence. Many scholars envision a single Tudḫaliya (I or I/II ), while others consider two separate kings, Tudḫaliya I and Tudḫaliya II. The rationale for maintaining a distinction between the two is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Akkadian Language
Akkadian ( ; )John Huehnergard & Christopher Woods, "Akkadian and Eblaite", ''The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages''. Ed. Roger D. Woodard (2004, Cambridge) Pages 218–280 was an East Semitic language that is attested in ancient Mesopotamia ( Akkad, Assyria, Isin, Larsa, Babylonia and perhaps Dilmun) from the mid- third millennium BC until its gradual replacement in common use by Old Aramaic among Assyrians and Babylonians from the 8th century BC. Akkadian, which is the earliest documented Semitic language, is named after the city of Akkad, a major centre of Mesopotamian civilization during the Akkadian Empire (–2154 BC). It was written using the cuneiform script, originally used for Sumerian, but also used to write multiple languages in the region including Eblaite, Hurrian, Elamite, Old Persian and Hittite. The influence of Sumerian on Akkadian went beyond just the cuneiform script; owing to their close proximity, a lengthy span of con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kassites
The Kassites () were a people of the ancient Near East. They controlled Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire from until (short chronology). The Kassites gained control of Babylonia after the Hittite sack of Babylon in 1531 BC, and established a dynasty generally assumed to have been based first in that city, after a hiatus. Later rule shifted to the new city of Dur-Kurigalzu. By the time of Babylon's fall, the Kassites had already been part of the region for a century and a half, acting sometimes with Babylon's interests and sometimes against. There are records of Kassite and Babylonian interactions, in the context of military employment, during the reigns of Babylonian kings Samsu-iluna (1686 to 1648 BC), Abī-ešuh, and Ammī-ditāna. The origin and classification of the Kassite language, like the Sumerian language and Hurrian language, is uncertain, and, also like the two latter languages, has generated a wide array of speculation over the years, even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kızılırmak River
The Kızılırmak (, Turkish for "Red River"), once known as the Halys River () and Alis River, is the longest river flowing entirely within Turkey. It is a source of hydroelectric power and is not used for navigation. Geography The Kızılırmak flows for a total of , rising in Eastern Anatolia around , flowing first to the west and southwest until , then forming a wide arch, the "Halys bend", flowing first to the west, then to the northwest, passing to the northeast of Lake Tuz (''Tuz Gölü'' in Turkish), then to the north and northeast, where it is joined by its major tributary, the Delice River (once known in Greek as the Cappadox river) at . After zigzagging to the northwest to the confluence with the Devrez River at , and back to the northeast, it joins the Gökırmak (Sky ''River'' in Turkish) before finally flowing via a wide delta into the Black Sea northwest of Samsun at . Delta History The Hittites called the river the Maraššantiya, and it formed the w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
15th Century BC
The 15th century BC was the century that lasted from 1500 BC to 1401 BC. Events * 1504 BC – 1492 BC: New Kingdom of Egypt, Egypt conquers Nubia and the Levant. * 1500 BC – Meteorite impact that formed the Kaali crater in Ancient Estonia, Estonia. * 1500 BC – 1400 BC: The Battle of the Ten Kings took place around this time. * 1500 BC: Coalescence of a number of cultural traits including undecorated pottery, megalithic burials, and millet-bean-rice agriculture indicate the beginning of the Mumun Pottery Period on the Korean peninsula. * 1490s BC, c. 1490 BC: Cranaus, legendary King of Athens, is deposed after a reign of 10 years by his son-in-law Amphictyon of Thessaly, son of Deucalion and Pyrrha. * 1487 BC: Amphictyon, son of Deucalion and Pyrrha and legendary King of Athens, dies after a reign of 10 years and is succeeded by Erichthonius I of Athens, a grandson of Cranaus. * 1480s BC, c. 1480 BC: Queen Hatshepsut succeeded by her stepson and nephew Thutmosis III. Per ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
