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ANES Affective Polarization Through 2020
The American National Election Studies (ANES) are academically-run national surveys of voters in the United States, conducted before and after every presidential election. Although it was formally established by a National Science Foundation grant in 1977, the data are a continuation of studies going back to 1948. The study has been based at the University of Michigan since its origin and, since 2005, has been run in partnership with Stanford University. Its principal investigators for the first four years of the partnership were Arthur Lupia and Jon Krosnick. As of 2025, the principal investigators are Nicholas Valentino of the University of Michigan and Shanto Iyengar of Stanford University. With more than 9,800 citations in published work, data spanning over 75 years, and more than 70 datasets, the American National Election Studies has acted as a cornerstone for public opinion research for the past 75 years, asking a representative sample of the American population survey quest ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anes Logo
The American National Election Studies (ANES) are academically-run opinion poll, national surveys of voters in the United States, conducted before and after every United States presidential election, presidential election. Although it was formally established by a National Science Foundation grant in 1977, the data are a continuation of studies going back to 1948. The study has been based at the University of Michigan since its origin and, since 2005, has been run in partnership with Stanford University. Its principal investigators for the first four years of the partnership were Arthur Lupia and Jon Krosnick. As of 2025, the principal investigators are Nicholas Valentino of the University of Michigan and Shanto Iyengar of Stanford University. With more than 9,800 citations in published work, data spanning over 75 years, and more than 70 datasets, the American National Election Studies has acted as a cornerstone for public opinion research for the past 75 years, asking a representat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shanto Iyengar
Shanto Iyengar is an American political scientist and professor of political science at Stanford University. He is also the Harry & Norman Chandler Professor of Communication at Stanford, the director of Stanford's Political Communication Lab, and a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution. Biography Iyengar received an initial bachelor's degree in his native India and then received a bachelor's degree from Linfield College in 1968 and his Ph.D. from the University of Iowa in 1972. In 1973, he joined the faculty of Kansas State University as an assistant professor, where he remained until 1979. He taught at Yale University as an assistant professor from 1983 to 1985, and then taught at Stony Brook University and the University of California, Los Angeles before joining Stanford's faculty in 1998. Research Iyengar is known for his work on the role of the news media in contemporary politics. This includes work he conducted with Dartmouth College Dartmouth College ( ) is a Priva ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
R (programming Language)
R is a programming language for statistical computing and Data and information visualization, data visualization. It has been widely adopted in the fields of data mining, bioinformatics, data analysis, and data science. The core R language is extended by a large number of R package, software packages, which contain Reusability, reusable code, documentation, and sample data. Some of the most popular R packages are in the tidyverse collection, which enhances functionality for visualizing, transforming, and modelling data, as well as improves the ease of programming (according to the authors and users). R is free and open-source software distributed under the GNU General Public License. The language is implemented primarily in C (programming language), C, Fortran, and Self-hosting (compilers), R itself. Preprocessor, Precompiled executables are available for the major operating systems (including Linux, MacOS, and Microsoft Windows). Its core is an interpreted language with a na ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Texas At Austin
The University of Texas at Austin (UT Austin, UT, or Texas) is a public university, public research university in Austin, Texas, United States. Founded in 1883, it is the flagship institution of the University of Texas System. With 53,082 students as of fall 2023, it is also the largest institution in the system. The university is a major center for academic research, with research expenditures totaling $1.06 billion for the 2023 fiscal year. It joined the Association of American Universities in 1929. The university houses seven museums and seventeen libraries, including the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library and Museum, Lyndon B. Johnson Presidential Library and the Blanton Museum of Art, and operates various auxiliary research facilities, such as the J. J. Pickle Research Campus and McDonald Observatory. UT Austin's athletics constitute the Texas Longhorns. The Longhorns have won four NCAA Division I National Football Championships, six NCAA Division I National Baseball Champions ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke University
Duke University is a Private university, private research university in Durham, North Carolina, United States. Founded by Methodists and Quakers in the present-day city of Trinity, North Carolina, Trinity in 1838, the school moved to Durham in 1892. In 1924, tobacco and electric power industrialist James Buchanan Duke established the Duke Endowment and the institution changed its name to honor his deceased father, Washington Duke. The campus spans over on three contiguous sub-campuses in Durham, and a Duke University Marine Laboratory, marine lab in Beaufort, North Carolina, Beaufort. The Duke University West Campus, West Campus—designed largely by architect Julian Abele—incorporates Collegiate Gothic in North America, Gothic architecture with the Duke Chapel at the campus' center and highest point of elevation, is adjacent to the Duke University Health System, Medical Center. Duke University East Campus, East Campus, away, home to all first-years, contains Georgian archit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq And Weapons Of Mass Destruction
Iraq actively researched weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and used chemical weapons from 1962 to 1991, after which it destroyed its chemical weapons stockpile and halted its biological and nuclear weapon programs as required by the United Nations Security Council. Iraqi president Saddam Hussein was internationally condemned for his Iraqi chemical weapons program, use of chemical weapons against Anfal campaign, Kurdish civilians and Peshmerga, military targets during the Iran–Iraq War. Saddam pursued an extensive Iraqi biological weapons program, biological weapons program and a nuclear weapons program, though no nuclear bomb was built. After the Gulf War, UN inspectors located and destroyed large quantities of Iraqi chemical weapons and related equipment and materials; Iraq ceased its chemical, biological and nuclear programs. In the early 2000s, U.S. president George W. Bush and British prime minister Tony Blair both falsely asserted that Saddam's weapons programs were still a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The American Voter
''The American Voter'', published in 1960, is a seminal study of voting behavior in the United States, authored by Angus Campbell, Philip Converse, Warren Miller, and Donald E. Stokes, colleagues at the University of Michigan. Among its controversial conclusions, based on one of the first comprehensive studies of election survey data (what eventually became the National Election Studies), is that most voters cast their ballots primarily on the basis of partisan identification (which is often simply inherited from their parents), and that independent voters are actually the least involved in and attentive to politics.Witten, D. (2015"The American Voter"(blog, 2 November 2015)Campbell, A., Converse, P.E., Miller, W.E., & Stokes, D.E. (1980''The American Voter''.University of Chicago Press. This theory of voter choice became known as the Michigan Model. It was later extended to the United Kingdom by David Butler and Donald Stokes in ''Political change in Britain''. ''The Ame ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Political Science
Political science is the scientific study of politics. It is a social science dealing with systems of governance and Power (social and political), power, and the analysis of political activities, political philosophy, political thought, political behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. Specialists in the field are political scientists. History Origin Political science is a social science dealing with systems of governance and power, and the analysis of political activities, political institutions, political thought and behavior, and associated constitutions and laws. As a social science, contemporary political science started to take shape in the latter half of the 19th century and began to separate itself from political philosophy and history. Into the late 19th century, it was still uncommon for political science to be considered a distinct field from history. The term "political science" was not always distinguished from political philosophy, and the modern dis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nicholas Valentino
Nicholas A. Valentino is an American political scientist. He currently serves as a principal investigator of the American National Election Studies (ANES). Valentino earned a bachelor's degree from Brown University and completed his doctorate at the University of California, Los Angeles. He began teaching at the University of Michigan in 1997. He left Michigan for an appointment as Mike Hogg Professor of Community Affairs at the University of Texas at Austin in 2007. He returned to the University of Michigan faculty in 2009. Valentino is the Donald R. Kinder Collegiate Professor of Political Science and Research Professor at the Center for Political Studies at the University of Michigan Institute for Social Research. He served as president of the International Society of Political Psychology from 2019–2020. Valentino specializes in political psychological approaches to understanding public opinion formation, socialization, information seeking and electoral participation. His wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Opinion Poll
An opinion poll, often simply referred to as a survey or a poll, is a human research survey of public opinion from a particular sample. Opinion polls are usually designed to represent the opinions of a population by conducting a series of questions and then extrapolating generalities in ratio or within confidence intervals. A person who conducts polls is referred to as a pollster. History The first known example of an opinion poll was a tally of voter preferences reported by the ''Raleigh Star and North Carolina State Gazette'' and the ''Wilmington American Watchman and Delaware Advertiser'' prior to the 1824 presidential election, showing Andrew Jackson leading John Quincy Adams by 335 votes to 169 in the contest for the United States presidency. Since Jackson won the popular vote in that state and the national popular vote, such straw votes gradually became more popular, but they remained local, usually citywide phenomena. In 1916, '' The Literary Digest'' embarked ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jon Krosnick
Jon Alexander Krosnick is a professor of Political Science, Communication, and (by courtesy) Psychology, and director of the Political Psychology Research Group (PPRG) at Stanford University. Additionally, he is the Frederic O. Glover Professor in Humanities and Social Sciences and an affiliate of the Woods Institute for the Environment. Krosnick has served as a consultant for government agencies, universities, and businesses, has testified as an expert in court proceedings, and has been an on-air television commentator on election night. Some of Krosnick's work focuses on the design and methodology of questionnaires and surveys, and he has taught extensively around the world on that topic. He has also studied the psychology of attitudes and researched how voters make up their minds and how campaigns influence them. He has conducted research on American attitudes toward global warming, how negativity in campaigns affects turnout, ballot order effects and other topics. Krosnick was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthur Lupia
Arthur Lupia is an American political scientist. He is the Gerald R. Ford University Professor and Vice President for Research and Innovation (interim) at the University of Michigan. Prior to his term as Vice President, he served as an Assistant Director of the National Science Foundation and co-chaired the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy Open Science subcommittee. He currently serves on the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine's Strategic Council for Excellence, Integrity, and Trust and on their Advisory Board for Engineering and the Physical Sciences. Prior to joining NSF, he was Chairperson of the Board of the Center for Open Science and Chair of National Research Council's Roundtable on the Application of Behavioral and Social Science. His research concerns how people make complex decisions and on how organizations build, maintain and lose credibility and capacity. He draws from multiple scientific and philosophical disciplines and uses ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
