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1994 In Architecture
The year 1994 in architecture involved some significant architectural events and new buildings. Events * The Maupoleum in Amsterdam is demolished. Buildings and structures Buildings opened * May 6 – The Channel Tunnel connecting Britain and France is opened. * September 4 – Kansai International Airport in Osaka, Japan, designed by Renzo Piano, opens with its Terminal 1 as the longest building in the world. * ''date unknown'' – Channel 4 Building, home of the Channel 4 television company, designed by the Richard Rogers Partnership, opened on Horseferry Road in Westminster, London. Buildings completed * Oriental Pearl Tower, Shanghai, China. * Shinjuku Park Tower, in the Shinjuku district of Tokyo, Japan. * Kamiichi Mountain Pavilion, Japan, designed by Peter Salter. * World Trade Center México, Mexico City, Mexico. * Qingdao TV Tower, Qingdao, China. * International Saddam Tower, Baghdad, Iraq. * Igualada Cemetery, Catalonia, designed by Enric Miralles and Carm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maupoleum
The Maupoleum (1971–1994) was a building on Amsterdam's Jodenbreestraat. Built in 1971, it acquired a reputation for being unattractive before being demolished in 1994. History The Waterlooplein area of Amsterdam had been a mostly Jewish neighborhood. After World War II, during which much of its population was removed, the area was a "depopulated, impoverished neighbourhood". Plans to rebuild the area included a "circulation route" to open up the inner city, which was to run from the Amstel station to the Centraal station. The northeastern side of the Jodenbreestraat had been designated as a market in a 1953 city plan, but in 1968 these plans were adapted and a mixed building, combining office space for the University of Amsterdam with space for the textile wholesalers of the nearby Sint Antoniesbreestraat. The building's location was alongside a planned four-lane highway; in the end, that highway was scrapped and the further demolition necessary for the project was halted a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kamiichi, Toyama
270px, Panorama of Kamiichi is a town located in Nakaniikawa District, Toyama Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 20,827 in 7958 households and a population density of 88 persons per km². The total area of the town was . Geography Kamiichi is located in east-central Toyama Prefecture, approximately 15 kilometers to the east of the capital of Toyama city. Most of the town is very mountainous, with peaks rising to almost 3000 meters in the southeast. The 2999 meter Mount Tsurugi is located in Kamiichi. Surrounding municipalities *Toyama Prefecture ** Toyama ** Namerikawa ** Uozu ** Kurobe Climate The town has a Humid subtropical climate (Köppen ''Cfa'') characterized by hot summers and cold winters with heavy snowfall. The average annual temperature in Kamiichi is 13.8 °C. The average annual rainfall is 2243 mm with September as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around 26.4 °C, and lowest in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simo Paavilainen
Simo Paavilainen (born 14 June 1944 in Vaasa) is a Finnish architect, and former Dean and Professor of Architecture at Helsinki University of Technology Department of Architecture. Paavilainen studied architecture at Helsinki University of Technology, qualifying as an architect in 1975. Since 1977 he has run an architects' office in Helsinki together with his wife Käpy Paavilainen, Arkkitehtuuritoimisto Käpy ja Simo Paavilainen Oy. He was appointed Professor of Architecture at Helsinki University of Technology Department of Architecture in 1998, and dean of the school in 2004. He resigned his position in 2010 to return to private practice. The work of the Paavilainens first came to attention in the early 1980s, at a time when Finnish critics were adamant that Postmodernism was having no significant influence on architecture in Finland, one of the bastions of Modernist architecture. Against this trend the Paavilainens introduced a strain of playfulness, colour and irony into Mod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pirkkala
Pirkkala (; sv, Birkala) is a municipality of Finland. It is located some south-west from Tampere in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality has a population of () and covers an area of of which is water. The population density is , which makes it the most densely populated municipality in Finland that does not use the title of town or city. Pirkkala is also currently the fastest-growing municipality in the Pirkanmaa region. The municipality is unilingually Finnish. Tampere-Pirkkala Airport is located in southwest Pirkkala. The most significant main road in Pirkkala is Tampere Ring Road. History Great Pirkkala The former parish of Suur-Pirkkala (Great Pirkkala) is mentioned in historical writings from the 14th century. It occupied over half of Pirkanmaa, a region nowadays populated by about 526,000 inhabitants. Suur-Pirkkala began to split when new parishes and municipalities were founded and wanted independence. South and North Pirkkala In 1922 the Pirkkala was split int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carme Pinós
Carme Pinós (born 1954) is a Spanish architect. Biography Pinós graduated Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de Barcelona (ETSAB) in Barcelona in 1979 and returned to the school in 1981 to study Urbanism. From 1982 on she formed a partnership with her husband, Enric Miralles, which ended in 1991. During this period the projects developed include the Igualada Cemetery Park, the Archery Range Buildings for the 1992 Summer Olympic Games and the La Llauna School in Badalona. The work of Pinós-Miralles received awards on several occasions, including the FAD prize for the La Llauna School and the Igualada Cemetery Park, as well as the City of Barcelona Prize for the 1992 Olympic Archery Range Buildings. In 1991 Pinós set up her own studio and transferred the supervision and construction of several projects initiated in her previous office. Amongst them was the Community Centre and Auditorium in Hostalets de Balanya, La Mina Community Centre and the Boarding School in More ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enric Miralles
Enric Miralles Moya (12 February 1955 – 3 July 2000) was a Spanish architect from Barcelona. He graduated from the Barcelona School of Architecture (ETSAB) at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC) in 1978. After establishing his reputation with a number of collaborations with his first wife Carme Pinós, the couple separated in 1991. Miralles later married fellow architect Benedetta Tagliabue, and the two practiced together as EMBT Architects. Miralles' magnum opus and his largest project, the new Scottish Parliament Building, was unfinished at the time of his death. Life In 1978, Miralles completed his examinations at the ''Escola Tècnica Superior d'Arquitectura'' (ETSAB) in Barcelona. From 1973 to 1978, he worked in the architect's office of Albert Viaplana and Helio Piñón. Whilst there—among other things—he was involved in the construction of the ''Plaça dels Països Catalans'', the forecourt for the ''Estació de Sants''. In 1984, after several ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Catalonia
Catalonia (; ca, Catalunya ; Aranese Occitan: ''Catalonha'' ; es, Cataluña ) is an autonomous community of Spain, designated as a '' nationality'' by its Statute of Autonomy. Most of the territory (except the Val d'Aran) lies on the northeast of the Iberian Peninsula, to the south of the Pyrenees mountain range. Catalonia is administratively divided into four provinces: Barcelona, Girona, Lleida, and Tarragona. The capital and largest city, Barcelona is the second-most populated municipality in Spain and the fifth-most populous urban area in the European Union. > > > ''Catalonia'' theoretically derived. During the Middle Ages, Byzantine chroniclers claimed that ''Catalania'' derives from the local medley of Goths with Alans, initially constituting a ''Goth-Alania''. Other theories suggest: *''Catalunya'' derives from the term "land of castles", having evolved from the term ''castlà'' or ''castlan'', the medieval term for a castellan (a ruler of a castle). ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Igualada Cemetery
Igualada Cemetery or New Cemetery (Catalan: Cementiri Nou) is a cemetery in Igualada, near Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain, designed by the architects Enric Miralles and Carme Pinós after winning an architectural competition in 1984. Constructed between 1985 and 1994 as a replacement for the Old Cemetery (Catalan: "Cementiri Vell"), the cemetery became widely regarded as one of the most poetic works of twentieth century Catalan architecture. Enric Miralles, who died in the year 2000 is buried in one of the tombs.Strum p.13.2 Architectural concept Miralles and Pinós were concerned, not just to design a cemetery, but to explore poetic ideas regarding the acceptance of the cycle of life to enable a link between the past, the present, and the future.Zabalbeascoa The project is conceived, in part, as an earthwork that transforms the surrounding landscape and also, in part, as a metaphor for the river of life. A processional "street" descends from the entrance, where crossed, rusting, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Iraq
Iraq,; ku, عێراق, translit=Êraq officially the Republic of Iraq, '; ku, کۆماری عێراق, translit=Komarî Êraq is a country in Western Asia. It is bordered by Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, the Persian Gulf and Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest and Syria to the west. The capital and largest city is Baghdad. Iraq is home to diverse ethnic groups including Iraqi Arabs, Kurds, Turkmens, Assyrians, Armenians, Yazidis, Mandaeans, Persians and Shabakis with similarly diverse geography and wildlife. The vast majority of the country's 44 million residents are Muslims – the notable other faiths are Christianity, Yazidism, Mandaeism, Yarsanism and Zoroastrianism. The official languages of Iraq are Arabic and Kurdish; others also recognised in specific regions are Neo-Aramaic, Turkish and Armenian. Starting as early as the 6th millennium BC, the fertile alluvial plains between Iraq's Tigris and Euphrates ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baghdad
Baghdad (; ar, بَغْدَاد , ) is the capital of Iraq and the second-largest city in the Arab world after Cairo. It is located on the Tigris near the ruins of the ancient city of Babylon and the Sassanid Persian capital of Ctesiphon. In 762 CE, Baghdad was chosen as the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, and became its most notable major development project. Within a short time, the city evolved into a significant cultural, commercial, and intellectual center of the Muslim world. This, in addition to housing several key academic institutions, including the House of Wisdom, as well as a multiethnic and multi-religious environment, garnered it a worldwide reputation as the "Center of Learning". Baghdad was the largest city in the world for much of the Abbasid era during the Islamic Golden Age, peaking at a population of more than a million. The city was largely destroyed at the hands of the Mongol Empire in 1258, resulting in a decline that would linger through many centu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Saddam Tower
Baghdad Tower (Al-Ma'mun) ( ar, برج بغداد, previously called International Saddam Tower, is a TV tower in Baghdad, Iraq. The tower opened in 1994 and replaced a communications tower destroyed in the Gulf War. A revolving restaurant and observation deck are located on the top floor. After the 2003 invasion of Iraq The 2003 invasion of Iraq was a United States-led invasion of the Republic of Iraq and the first stage of the Iraq War. The invasion phase began on 19 March 2003 (air) and 20 March 2003 (ground) and lasted just over one month, including 26 ..., the tower was occupied by American soldiers and was renamed as Baghdad Tower. Gallery File:No Kiowa over Baghdad.jpg, The Baghdad Tower, on the right. File:Baghdad Tower, July 2007.jpg, Baghdad Tower, July 2007. File:Mamoon communications tower in Baghdad.jpg, Rebuilding the tower and its surroundings. File:Baghdad Tower Center.JPG, Tower Center, December 2010. File:Baghdad Tower Center1 (3).JPG, Tower Center ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Qingdao
Qingdao (, also spelled Tsingtao; , Mandarin: ) is a major city in eastern Shandong Province. The city's name in Chinese characters literally means " azure island". Located on China's Yellow Sea coast, it is a major nodal city of the One Belt, One Road (OBOR) Initiative that connects Asia with Europe. It has the highest GDP of any city in the province. Administered at the sub-provincial level, Qingdao has jurisdiction over seven districts and three county-level cities (Jiaozhou, Pingdu, Laixi). As of the 2020 census, Qingdao built-up (or metro) area made of the 7 urban Districts (Shinan, Shibei, Huangdao, Laoshan, Licang, Chengyang and Jimo) was home to 7,172,451 inhabitants. Lying across the Shandong Peninsula and looking out to the Yellow Sea, it borders the prefecture-level cities of Yantai to the northeast, Weifang to the west and Rizhao to the southwest. Qingdao is a major seaport and naval base, as well as a commercial and financial center. It is home to electroni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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