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1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands Earthquake
The 1935 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake occurred at 4 January on the islands of Marmara and Avşa off Erdek in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. It had a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum felt intensity of VIII (''Severe'') on the Mercalli intensity scale, causing 5 deaths and 30 injuries. Three aftershocks occurred in conjunction with this destructive earthquake that was felt strongly in Istanbul, Edirne and Izmir. The villages Gündoğdu, Çınarlı, and Asmalı on Marmara Island were completely flattened, and the island's town center was damaged. On the neighboring Avşa Island, 128 houses in the Türkeli village and all the houses of Yiğitler village were destroyed. On Paşalimanı Island, the villages Poyraz and Harmanlı were completely destroyed and the villages Paşalimanı and Balıklı were partly damaged. The foghorn building on Hayırsız Island was demolished and rocks at the shore fell into the sea. The submarine communications cable running across the Sea ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Moment Magnitude Scale
The moment magnitude scale (MMS; denoted explicitly with or Mw, and generally implied with use of a single M for magnitude) is a measure of an earthquake's magnitude ("size" or strength) based on its seismic moment. It was defined in a 1979 paper by Thomas C. Hanks and Hiroo Kanamori. Similar to the local magnitude/Richter scale () defined by Charles Francis Richter in 1935, it uses a logarithmic scale; small earthquakes have approximately the same magnitudes on both scales. Despite the difference, news media often says "Richter scale" when referring to the moment magnitude scale. Moment magnitude () is considered the authoritative magnitude scale for ranking earthquakes by size. It is more directly related to the energy of an earthquake than other scales, and does not saturate—that is, it does not underestimate magnitudes as other scales do in certain conditions. It has become the standard scale used by seismological authorities like the U.S. Geological SurveyThe "USGS ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paşalimanı Island
Paşalimanı Island ( tr, Paşalimanı Adası), formerly Halone ( gr, Ἁλώνη), is a small island in the southern Sea of Marmara in Turkey. The island is the fourth biggest island (21.3 km2) of Turkey and administratively belongs to the Erdek town of Balikesir Province in northwestern Turkey. The island has five small villages and has 962 population in total. Paşalimanı Island is also part of the Marmara Archipelago along with three other islands Marmara, Avşa and Ekinlik. History Paşalimani Island was first inhabited during the Chalcolithic age same as the neighbouring islands of Avşa and Marmara. According to Hittite sources the area was under the rule of Troy (Wilusa) during 1300s BC. In 844 BC Ionian colonizers from Miletus occupied the area and they were the first Greek-speaking inhabitants. In 493 BC the island was ravaged by Phoenicians since the islanders were against the Persian invasions. Consequently new Ionian settlers brought and settled from Miletus and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
History Of Balıkesir Province
History (derived ) is the systematic study and the documentation of the human activity. The time period of event before the invention of writing systems is considered prehistory. "History" is an umbrella term comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events. Historians seek knowledge of the past using historical sources such as written documents, oral accounts, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is not complete and still has debatable mysteries. History is also an academic discipline which uses narrative to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians often debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians also debate the nature of history as an end in itself, as well as its usefulness to give perspective on the problems of the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1935 In Turkey
Events in the year 1935 in Turkey. Parliament * 4th Parliament of Turkey (up to 1 March) * 5th Parliament of Turkey (from 1 March) Incumbents *President – Kemal Atatürk *Prime Minister – İsmet İnönü Ruling party and the main opposition * Ruling party – Republican People's Party (CHP) Cabinet *7th government of Turkey (up to 1 March) * 8th government of Turkey (from 1 March) Events *4 January – The 6.4 Erdek–Marmara Islands earthquake affected the area with a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (''Severe''), leaving five people dead and thirty injured. *1 February – Hagia Sophia is converted into a museum. *1 March – New government *8 February – General elections. 17 female MPs *1 May – 1935 Digor earthquake *27 May: Sunday, rather than Friday, becomes the day of rest. *19 October – A group of assassins aiming to assassinate Atatürk were arrested. *20 October – Census (Population 16,158,018) Births *20 January – Güven Sazak, businessman (d. 201 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Earthquakes In Turkey
This is a list of earthquakes in Turkey, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like Istanbul resides in structures that are a mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. The predominant vulnerable building types are adobe block and stone block masonry construction. This list is incomplete. Tectonic setting Turkey is a seismically active area within the complex zone of collision between the Eurasian Plate and both the African and Arabian Plates. Much of the country lies on the Anatolian Plate, a small plate bounded by two major strike-slip fault zones, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault. The western part of the country is also affected by the zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea caused by the southward migration of the Hellenic arc. The easternmost part of Turkey lies on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Seismological Centre
The International Seismological Centre (ISC) is a non-governmental, nonprofit organisation charged with the final collection, definitive analysis and publication of global seismicity. The ISC was formed in 1964 as an international organisation independent of national governments that would carry on the work of the International Seismological Summary in collecting and analyzing seismic data from around the world, and particularly to handle increased flow of data from the World-Wide Standard Seismograph Network (WWSSN), also established that year. The ISC considers its prime task to be the collection and re-analysis of all available earthquake seismic date in order to produce definitive data on earthquakes. The ISC's catalog is considered "the most complete and authoritative final depository of global earthquake parameter data." Purpose The main scientific goal of the Centre is the definitive compilation of earthquake information and the readings on which they are based. Colle ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In Turkey
This is a list of earthquakes in Turkey, including any notable historical earthquakes that have epicenters within the current boundaries of Turkey, or which caused significant effects in this area. Overall, the population in major cities like Istanbul resides in structures that are a mix of vulnerable and earthquake resistant construction. The predominant vulnerable building types are adobe block and stone block masonry construction. This list is incomplete. Tectonic setting Turkey is a seismically active area within the complex zone of collision between the Eurasian Plate and both the African and Arabian Plates. Much of the country lies on the Anatolian Plate, a small plate bounded by two major strike-slip fault zones, the North Anatolian Fault and East Anatolian Fault. The western part of the country is also affected by the zone of extensional tectonics in the Aegean Sea caused by the southward migration of the Hellenic arc. The easternmost part of Turkey lies on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Earthquakes In 1935
This is a list of earthquakes in 1935. Only magnitude 6.0 or greater earthquakes appear on the list. Lower magnitude events are included if they have caused death, injury or damage. Events which occurred in remote areas will be excluded from the list as they wouldn't have generated significant media interest. All dates are listed according to UTC time. Among the bigger earthquakes of the year was the devastating Pakistan event in May which left 60,000 dead. Taiwan under Japanese rule, Taiwan also fared badly with three magnitude 7.0+ events and in particular a quake in April left 3,276 dead. Other large quakes struck New Guinea, Dutch East Indies, British Solomon Islands and somewhat unusually Italian Libya. Turkey and Iran saw their share of the action as well with substantial deaths being caused by several quakes over the year. Overall By death toll * Note: At least 10 casualties By magnitude * Note: At least 7.0 magnitude Notable events January February ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kapıdağ Peninsula
Kapıdağ Peninsula ( tr, Kapıdağ Yarımadası) ( gr, Χερσόνησος της Κυζίκου ) is a tombolo in northwestern Anatolia extending into the Sea of Marmara in Balıkesir Province, Turkey. The peninsula forms the Gulf of Bandırma on its east and the Gulf of Erdek on its west. Kapıdağ was the classical island of ancient Greek Arctonnesus, but was joined to the mainland by a narrow isthmus in historic times either by an earthquake or (according to legend) by Alexander the Great. It was also known as the Peninsula of Cyzicus after its chief town. Cyzicus was abandoned following a series of severe earthquakes, but served from 1303 to 1304 as the base of the Catalan Company of the East and was the site of the Battle of the Cyzicus in October 1303. After its conquest by the Ottoman Empire, it was part of the kaza of Erdek in the province of Bursa. Locations Erdek, a small town known as a seaside resort, is located in the Gulf of Erdek west of the penins ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Submarine Communications Cable
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid on the sea bed between land-based stations to carry telecommunication signals across stretches of ocean and sea. The first submarine communications cables laid beginning in the 1850s carried telegraphy traffic, establishing the first instant telecommunications links between continents, such as the first transatlantic telegraph cable which became operational on 16 August 1858. Subsequent generations of cables carried telephone traffic, then data communications traffic. Modern cables use optical fibre technology to carry digital data, which includes telephone, Internet and private data traffic. Modern cables are typically about in diameter and weigh around for the deep-sea sections which comprise the majority of the run, although larger and heavier cables are used for shallow-water sections near shore. Submarine cables first connected all the world's continents (except Antarctica) when Java was connected to Darwin, Northern Terri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Avşa Island
Avşa Island ( tr, Avşa Adası) or Türkeli is a Turkish island in the southern Sea of Marmara with an area of about . It was the classical and Byzantine Aphousia ( el, Ἀφουσία or Ἀφησιά) and was a place of exile during the Byzantine period. The Greek inhabitants fled to Sarti Chalkidiki after the 1923 population exchange. The island belongs to the Marmara District of Balıkesir Province in northwestern Turkey. It is a popular domestic tourist destination, especially for tourists from Istanbul. The local population is around 2,000 according to the last census, but during the summer season the number of visitors increases as far as forty to fifty thousand. Transportation The island is within reach from Istanbul by ship and ferry. It is also accessible from Erdek and Tekirdağ by motorboat. Location The exact location of Avşa island is shown in the following map in red color. The larger island north of Avşa is the island of Marmara and the island to the east ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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