1854 Luxembourg General Election
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1854 Luxembourg General Election
General elections were held in Luxembourg on 14 June 1854, electing members of the Chamber of Deputies from all the cantons of Luxembourg. Background The elections were held in the entire country. Partial general elections had already been due to happen in 1854; under the electoral system at the time, Deputies were elected to six-year terms, with elections held every three years, renewing half the Chamber's membership at a time. The last partial general election was in 1851. On 15 May 1854 however, the Simons government prematurely dissolved the Chamber, and organised elections to renew its entire membership for 14 June. This dissolution was due to conflict between the executive and the legislature. Results Successful candidates are marked in bold Analysis In Luxembourg canton, the entire list of candidates supported by the democratic-liberal anti-Simons '' Courrier du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg'' was elected with a large majority; in Mersch, 3 of the 4 successful candida ...
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Luxembourg
Luxembourg, officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, is a landlocked country in Western Europe. It is bordered by Belgium to the west and north, Germany to the east, and France on the south. Its capital and most populous city, Luxembourg City, is one of the four institutional seats of the European Union and hosts several EU institutions, notably the Court of Justice of the European Union, the highest judicial authority in the EU. As part of the Low Countries, Luxembourg has close historic, political, and cultural ties to Belgium and the Netherlands. Luxembourg's culture, people, and languages are greatly influenced by France and Germany: Luxembourgish, a Germanic language, is the only recognized national language of the Luxembourgish people and of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg; French is the sole language for legislation; and both languages along with German are used for administrative matters. With an area of , Luxembourg is Europe's seventh-smallest count ...
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Chamber Of Deputies (Luxembourg)
The Chamber of Deputies ( or simply ''D'Chamber'', , ), abbreviated to the Chamber, is the Unicameralism, unicameral national legislature of Luxembourg. The metonym ''Krautmaart'' (French: ''Marché aux herbes'', English: "Herb Market") is sometimes used for the Chamber, after the Krautmaart, square on which the Hôtel de la Chambre is located. The Chamber is made up of 60 seats. Deputies are elected to serve five-year terms by proportional representation in Legislative circonscriptions (Luxembourg), four multi-seat constituencies. Voters may vote for as many candidates as the constituency elects deputies. History 1800s The constitution of 1841 created the Assembly of Estates (''Assemblée des États''), consisting of 34 members. Under the absolute monarchy of William II of the Netherlands, William II, King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg, the legislature's powers were very restricted: it could not take decisions and had a purely advisory role with respect to ...
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Simons Government
The Simons Ministry was in office in Luxembourg from 23 September 1853 to 26 September 1860. Initially it just consisted of three members of the government, to which two more were added on 23 September 1854. It was reshuffled on 24 June 1856, and again on 2 June 1857, when Paul de Scherff was placed in charge of railways, and Guillaume-Mathias Augustin took over his portfolio of Public Works. On 29 November 1857 there was a third reshuffle, and a fourth on 12 November 1858. From 23 June to 15 July 1859 Mathias Simons and Jean Ulveling were the only members of the government, after which Édouard Thilges was added again. Transition The preceding Willmar government seemed to enjoy the favour of the Lieutenant-Governor Prince Henry, who dismissed it only reluctantly.Thewes (2011), p. 20 During a conversation at Walferdange Castle, the Prince confided in the minister Édouard Thilges "that he had been very happy with the preceding Willmar-Metz cabinet, and that it was only by ord ...
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Théodore Pescatore
Théodore Pescatore (6 February 1802 – 23 August 1878) was a Luxembourgish politician. One of the most important liberals in the mid-19th century,Mersch (1949), p. 506 he was president of the Constituent Assembly that wrote Luxembourg's Constitution in 1848. He later held the position of President of the Chamber of Deputies for two years. Pescatore studied law at the University of Liège, but, instead of pursuing a career in the law, Pescatore attended a military academy in the Netherlands, and, upon returning to Luxembourg, in 1827, he was recruited as a lieutenant into the guard of Luxembourg City. However, after three years, Pescatore's anti- Orangist and pro- Belgian political sympathies forced him out of the military. Instead, he joined with his cousins to set up a faience factory in Eich, where his brother was mayor. After seven years, they merged into the ''Société d'industrie luxembourgeoise'', and Pescatore helped set up ''Auguste Metz & Cie'' with Auguste Met ...
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Norbert Metz
Jean-Joseph Norbert Metz (2 February 1811 – 28 November 1885) was a Luxembourgish politician and engineer. With his two brothers, members of the powerful Metz family, Charles and Auguste, Metz defined political and economic life in Luxembourg in the mid-nineteenth century. Metz was one of the leading 'quarante huitards': the radical liberals responsible for the promulgation of Luxembourg's constitution in 1848. He was appointed by the King to the Assembly of the States in 1842, representing the canton of Capellen. He was then elected to represent Capellen on the Constituent Assembly, in 1848. Pro- Belgian and anti-German Confederation, after the first elections, Metz was appointed Administrator-General for Finances and Administrator-General for Military Affairs. On 21 May 1834, he married the 21-year-old Marie-Barbe-Philippe-Eugénie Tesch, who had three children before dying on 29 January 1845. He remarried to Tesch's eighteen-year-old cousin, Marie-Suzanne-Albertine ...
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Antoine Pescatore
Constantin-Joseph-Antoine Pescatore, known as Antoine Pescatore, was born on 16 December 1787 in Luxembourg City, and died on 31 October 1858 in Sandweiler. He was a businessman and politician. From 1817 to 1820, he was mayor of the city of Luxembourg. From 1842 to 1848 he was a member of the Assembly of Estates The Assembly of Estates (, ) was the legislature of Luxembourg from 1841 to 1848, and again from 1856 to 1868. Background and role The Congress of Vienna awarded the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg to the King of the Netherlands in personal union, as hi ..., and from 1854 to 1856 was a member of the Chamber of Deputies.Nicolas Als, Robert L. Philippart: ''La Chambre des Députés, Histoire et Lieux de Travail'', Chambre des Députés du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg, 1994, p. 525 In 1845 he became a founding member of the ''Société pour la recherche et la conservation des monuments historiques dans le Grand-Duché de Luxembourg''. His daughter Marie Pescatore (1819-1894) marrie ...
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Auguste Metz
Jean-Antoine Auguste Metz (8 August 1812 – 22 June 1854) was a Luxembourgish entrepreneur, politician, and lawyer. He was a major player in the growing steel industry in Luxembourg during the nineteenth century, as well as a leading liberal member of the Chamber of Deputies, along with his brothers. Born in Luxembourg City as the youngest of nine children of Jean Metz, Auguste Metz attended the Athénée de Luxembourg, before leaving to study law at the University of Paris in 1833. He gained his licence to practice law in France, but returned to Luxembourg, where he became involved in the steel industry. In 1837, Metz and his brothers Charles and Norbert, were given a ten-year lease of the steel mill at Berbourg. They formed a company, ''Auguste Metz & Cie'', along with Théodore Pescatore, for the purpose of expanding and redeveloping the site. The company expanded, taking over foundries at Grundhof, in the Red Lands, at Eich, and at Fischbach. He first became in ...
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Charles-Gérard Eyschen
Charles-Gérard Eyschen (2 June 1800 – 28 September 1859) was a Luxembourgish politician and jurist. An Orangist,Mersch (1953), p. 81 Eyschen served in the cabinet of Charles-Mathias Simons as Director-General for Justice. Born in Baschleiden in 1800,Mersch (1953), p. 78 Eyschen became a lawyer. In 1826, he earned his doctorate in law from the University of Liège, and in 1829, he obtained a doctorate in philosophy, also at Liège.Mersch (1953), p. 79 He became a judge on the Court of First Instance in Diekirch, but resigned the following year, when he moved to Luxembourg City.Mersch (1953), p. 80 He returned to the judiciary in 1832, becoming judge on the Court of First Instance in Luxembourg City. He became President of the Arrondissement Tribunal in Diekirch in 1840, and transferred to the same (but more prestigious) position in Luxembourg City in 1842. He was appointed to the judiciary's supreme court, the Superior Court of Justice, in 1843. He failed to be elected t ...
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Victor De Tornaco
Baron Victor de Tornaco (; 5 July 1805 – 26 September 1875) was a Luxembourgish politician. An Orangist, he served as prime minister of Luxembourg for seven years, from 26 September 1860 until 3 December 1867. Family His parents were Charles Auguste de Tornaco and Elisabeth de Berlo-Suys (1775-1856). Life He studied in Paris at the Ecole polytechnique. In the years after the Belgian Revolution of 1830 he supported William I, King of the Netherlands and Grand-Duke of Luxembourg.Thewes, Guy"Les gouvernements du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg depuis 1848". Service information et presse du gouvernment. Luxembourg: Imprimerie Centrale, 2011. From 1841 to 1848 he was a member of the Assembly of Estates. He was elected to represent the canton of Esch-sur-Alzette on the Constituent Assembly, in 1848. From 1848 to 1856 he was a member of the Chamber of Deputies, and from 1857 to 1860 of the re-established Assembly of Estates. After the resignation of Charles-Mathias Sim ...
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Courrier Du Grand-Duché De Luxembourg
The ''Courrier du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg'' was a French-language newspaper in Luxembourg published from 1844 to 1868. On 3 July 1844, the Luxembourg printer Lamort released the inaugural edition of the ''Courrier du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg.'' Just three days previously, on 29 June 1844, he had discontinued the publication of the pro-government ''Journal de la Ville et du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg.'' For the ''Courrier'', he even retained the same banner font as the ''Journal'' without alteration. While the newspaper maintained its visual continuity from the ''Journal'', there was a shift in its political orientation. Emphasising the autonomy of the state, administration, and customs as distinguishing factors for Luxembourg from its neighbors, the ''Courrier'' asserted the need for an organ to defend the country's interests. The ''Courrier'' saw itself as more sensitive to the needs of an independent Luxembourg, and closer to the people. However, since it was written in F ...
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1854 Elections In Europe
Events January–March * January 4 – The McDonald Islands are discovered by Captain William McDonald aboard the ''Samarang''. * January 6 – The fictional detective Sherlock Holmes is perhaps born. * January 9 – The Teutonia Maennerchor Hall, Teutonia Männerchor in Pittsburgh is founded to promote German culture. * January 20 – The North Carolina General Assembly in the United States charters the Atlantic and North Carolina Railroad, to run from Goldsboro, North Carolina, Goldsboro through New Bern, North Carolina, New Bern, to the newly created seaport of Morehead City, North Carolina, Morehead City, near Beaufort, North Carolina, Beaufort. * January 21 – The iron clipper runs aground off the east coast of Ireland, on her maiden voyage out of Liverpool, bound for Australia, with the loss of at least 300 out of 650 on board. * February 11 – Major streets are lit by coal gas for the first time by the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San ...
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