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1720
Events January–March * January 21 – Sweden and Prussia sign the Treaty of Stockholm (Great Northern War). * February 10 – Edmond Halley is appointed as Astronomer Royal for England. * February 17 – The Treaty of The Hague is signed between Spain, Britain, France, Austria and the Dutch Republic The United Provinces of the Netherlands, commonly referred to in historiography as the Dutch Republic, was a confederation that existed from 1579 until the Batavian Revolution in 1795. It was a predecessor state of the present-day Netherlands ..., ending the War of the Quadruple Alliance with effect from May 20. * February 24 – Battle of Nassau (1720), Battle of Nassau: Spanish forces assault the Kingdom of Great Britain, British settlement of Nassau, Bahamas at the end of the War of the Quadruple Alliance. * March 11 (February 29 Old Style) – Queen Ulrika Eleonora of Sweden resigns, to let her husband Frederick I of Sweden, Frederick I t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bajirao I
Bajirao I (né Visaji, ; 18 August 1700 – 28 April 1740) was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha Empire. He was appointed Peshwa at the age of nineteen by Shahu I, following the death of his father, Balaji Vishwanath. He is credited with establishing the Marathas as the supreme power in the Indian subcontinent, displacing Mughal Empire, Mughal dominance. In the Deccan Plateau, Deccan region, the Nizam of Hyderabad emerged as a major power. The relations between the two states deteriorated after the Marathas under the leadership of Fateh Singh Bhonsle invaded Karnataka in 1725, which came under the Nizam's influence. Alarmed by these incursions, the Nizam decided to contest the Maratha taxation rights in the Deccan granted via Balaji Vishwanath#Northward expansion, the Mughal-Maratha treaty of 1718-19 and attacked Pune. Bajirao in response led a campaign against the Nizam in which the latter suffered a decisive defeat at the Battle of Palkhed. This victory solidified the Marathas' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
War Of The Quadruple Alliance
The War of the Quadruple Alliance, 1718 to 1720, was a conflict between Spain and a coalition of Austria, Great Britain, France, and Savoy, joined in 1719 by the Dutch Republic. Most of the fighting took place in Sicily and Spain, with minor engagements in North America. The Spanish-backed Jacobite rising of 1719 in Scotland is considered a related conflict. Seeking to recover territories ceded under the 1713 Peace of Utrecht, Spanish troops landed on Sicily in July 1718. On 2 August, Austria, France, Britain and Savoy formed the Quadruple Alliance, and on 11 August the Royal Navy defeated a Spanish fleet at the Battle of Cape Passaro. Austrian land forces retook Sicily in October 1719, while the British sacked Vigo, forcing its leaders to seek peace terms. The Treaty of The Hague (1720) restored the position prior to 1717, Savoy and Austria exchanging Sardinia and Sicily. Background Under the 1713 Peace of Utrecht that ended the War of the Spanish Succession, Spain ceded Sardin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Frederick I Of Sweden
Frederick I (; 28 April 1676 – 5 April 1751) was List of Swedish monarchs, King of Sweden from 1720 until his death, having been prince consort of Sweden from 1718 to 1720, and was also Landgrave of Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel, Hesse-Kassel from 1730. He ascended the throne following the death of his brother-in-law absolute monarchy, absolutist Charles XII in the Great Northern War, and the abdication of his wife, Charles's sister and successor Ulrika Eleonora, Queen of Sweden, Ulrika Eleonora, after she had to relinquish most powers to the Riksdag of the Estates and thus chose to abdicate. His powerless reign and lack of legitimate heirs of his own saw his family's elimination from the line of succession after the parliamentary government dominated by pro-Revanchism, revanchist Hat Party politicians ventured into Hats' Russian War, a war with Russia, which ended in defeat and the Russian tsarina Elizabeth of Russia, Elizabeth getting Adolf Frederick of Sweden, Adolf Frederick o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of The Hague (1720)
The 1720 Treaty of The Hague was signed on 17 February 1720 between Spain and the Quadruple Alliance, established by the 1718 Treaty of London. Its members included Britain, France, the Dutch Republic and Austria. By signing, Spain joined the Alliance, ending the War of the Quadruple Alliance and accepting the terms of the Treaty of London. As previously agreed at Utrecht in 1713, Philip V confirmed his renunciation of the French throne and Spanish claims to their former Italian possessions. In exchange, Emperor Charles VI renounced his claim on the Spanish throne and four-year-old Charles of Spain was recognised as heir to the Duchies of Parma and Tuscany. In another clause, Savoy and Austria exchanged Sicily for Sardinia. Background The central principle of the 1713 Treaty of Utrecht ending the 1701 to 1714 War of the Spanish Succession was that neither France nor Austria could be united with Spain. In return, Philip V, grandson of Louis XIV, was confirmed as the first ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Nassau (1720)
The Raid on Nassau took place from 24 February to 1 March 1720, at the end of the 1718 to 1720 War of the Quadruple Alliance. A Spanish expeditionary force attacked the British settlement of Nassau, Bahamas, but was repulsed. Background In 1718, former privateer Captain Woodes Rogers was appointed Governor of the Bahamas, in which role he suppressed pirates, reformed the civil administration and restored trade. In February 1719, he learned the Spanish intended to conquer the Bahamas, but instead they were diverted to recapture Pensacola from the French. This gave him time to further consolidate his position by rebuilding Fort Nassau, which was completed in January 1720. By then, in the Caribbean there was armed aggression between British and Spanish ships due to the clandestine trade of the former; this increased with the outbreak of the War of the Quadruple Alliance. In fact the Treaty of The Hague ending the war had been signed just before the raid although not yet in ef ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Treaty Of Stockholm (Great Northern War)
__NOTOC__ The Treaties of Stockholm were two treaties signed in 1719 and 1720 that ended the war between Sweden and an alliance of Hanover and Prussia. Aspects of the conflict that remained unresolved would be dealt with by two further treaties, the Treaty of Frederiksborg between Sweden and Denmark-Norway in 1720 and the Treaty of Nystad between Sweden and Russia in 1721. Frederick I began negotiating the Treaties of Stockholm following the death of Charles XII of Sweden in 1718. The death of the Swedish monarch heralded the impending conclusion of the Great Northern War. Treaty with Hanover In the treaty with Hanover on 9 November 1719, Sweden ceded the dominion of Bremen-Verden. Treaty with Prussia On 21 January 1720, Sweden ceded Swedish Pomerania south of the river Peene and east of the river Peenestrom to Prussia, including the islands of Usedom and Wollin, and the towns of Stettin, Damm and Gollnow. The treaty was formalized in 1720, and became effective when F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ulrika Eleonora Of Sweden
Ulrika Eleonora or Ulrica Eleanor (23 January 1688 – 24 November 1741), also known as Ulrika Eleonora the Younger, was Queen of Sweden from 5 December 1718 until her abdication on 29 February 1720 in favour of Frederick, her husband. Upon his accession, as King Frederick I, she served as his queen consort until her death on 24 November 1741. Ulrika Eleonora was the youngest child of Sweden's King Charles XI and his wife, Ulrika Eleonora of Denmark. She was named after her mother, who became known as ''Ulrika Eleonora the Elder''. In 1715, the younger Ulrika married Frederick of Hesse-Kassel. After the death of her brother Charles XII in 1718, she claimed the Swedish throne. By primogeniture, Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, son of Hedvig Sophia, her deceased elder sister, had the better claim; but citing the precedent of Queen Christina, Ulrika Eleonora asserted that, by proximity of blood, she was the ''closest'' surviving relative of the late king. After agre ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maratha Confederacy
The Maratha Empire, also referred to as the Maratha Confederacy, was an early modern polity in the Indian subcontinent. It comprised the realms of the Peshwa and four major independent Maratha states under the nominal leadership of the former. The Marathas were a Marathi-speaking peasantry group from the western Deccan Plateau (present-day Maharashtra) that rose to prominence under leadership of Shivaji (17th century), who revolted against the Bijapur Sultanate and the Mughal Empire for establishing " Hindavi Swarajya" (). The religious attitude of Emperor Aurangzeb estranged non-Muslims, and the Maratha insurgency came at a great cost for his men and treasury. The Maratha government also included warriors, administrators, and other nobles from other Marathi groups. Shivaji's monarchy, referred to as the Maratha Kingdom, expanded into a large realm in the 18th century under the leadership of Peshwa Bajirao I. Marathas from the time of Shahu I recognised the Mughal emperor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nassau, Bahamas
Nassau ( ) is the capital and largest city of The Bahamas. It is on the island of New Providence, which had a population of 246,329 in 2010, or just over 70% of the entire population of The Bahamas. As of April 2023, the preliminary results of the 2022 census of The Bahamas reported a population of 296,522 for New Providence, 74.26% of the country's population. Nassau is commonly defined as a primate city, dwarfing all other towns in the country. It is the centre of commerce, education, law, administration, and media of the country. Lynden Pindling International Airport, the major airport for The Bahamas, is located about west of the city centre of Nassau, and has daily flights to and from major cities in Canada, the Caribbean, the United Kingdom and the United States. Nassau is the site of the House of Assembly and various judicial departments and was considered historically to be a stronghold of pirates. The city was named in honour of William III of England, Prince of Or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edmond Halley
Edmond (or Edmund) Halley (; – ) was an English astronomer, mathematician and physicist. He was the second Astronomer Royal in Britain, succeeding John Flamsteed in 1720. From an observatory he constructed on Saint Helena in 1676–77, Halley catalogued the southern celestial hemisphere and recorded a transit of Mercury across the Sun. He realised that a similar transit of Venus could be used to determine the distances between Earth, Venus, and the Sun. Upon his return to England, he was made a fellow of the Royal Society, and with the help of King Charles II of England, Charles II, was granted a master's degree from University of Oxford, Oxford. Halley encouraged and helped fund the publication of Isaac Newton's influential ''Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica'' (1687). From observations Halley made in September 1682, he used Newton's law of universal gravitation to compute the periodicity of Halley's Comet in his 1705 ''Synopsis of the Astronomy of Comets''. It ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peshwa
The Peshwa was the second highest office in the Maratha Empire, next in rank and prestige only to that of the Chhatrapati. Initially serving as the appointed prime minister in the Maratha Kingdom, the office became hereditary when Shahu gave the seat of Peshwa to Bajirao I, Bajirao Ballal. During the reign of Shahu, the office of Peshwa grew in power and the Peshwas came to be the ''de facto'' rulers of the Maratha Confederacy. Eventually, the Chhatrapati title became titular and the main heads were the Peshwas according to the Sangola pact. All Peshwas during the rule of Shivaji, Sambhaji and Rajaram I, Rajaram belonged to Marathi people, Marathi Deshastha Brahmin community. The first Peshwa was Moropant Trimbak Pingle, Moropant Pingle, who was appointed as the head of the Ashta Pradhan (council of eight ministers) by Shivaji, the founder of the Maratha Kingdom. The initial Peshwas were all ministers who served as the chief executives to the king. The later Peshwas held the h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kingdom Of Great Britain
Great Britain, also known as the Kingdom of Great Britain, was a sovereign state in Western Europe from 1707 to the end of 1800. The state was created by the 1706 Treaty of Union and ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the Kingdom of England (including Wales) and the Kingdom of Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands, with the exception of the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands. The unitary state was governed by a single Parliament of Great Britain, parliament at the Palace of Westminster, but distinct legal systems—English law and Scots law—remained in use, as did distinct educational systems and religious institutions, namely the Church of England and the Church of Scotland remaining as the national churches of England and Scotland respectively. The formerly separate kingdoms had been in personal union since the Union of the Crowns in 1603 when James VI of Scotland became King of England an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
