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δ-Cadinol
δ-Cadinol is an organic compound, a sesquiterpenoid alcohol produced by many plants as well as some animals and microorganisms. It is a white crystalline solid, soluble in isopropyl ether and ethanol. It is an epimer of α-cadinol. δ-Cadinol exists in nature as either of two enantiomers distinguished by the prefixes (+)- and (−)-.Lars Westfelt (1970), "(−)-Torryeol ('δ-Cadinol')". ''Acta Chemica Scandinavica'' volume 24 issue 5 16181622 The (+)-isomer was identified by E. Shinozaki in 1922 from the leaves of ''Torreya nucifera'' and originally named torreyol. The (−)-isomer was isolated in 1951 by Haagen-Smit and others from '' Pinus albicaulus'' and first called albicaulol. Its structure was determined in 1970 by Lars Westfelt. Other names were given to δ-cadinol based on its various biological sources before the structures were confirmed, including sesquigoyol for (+)-δ-cadinol and pilgerol for (−)-δ-cadinol. Lambertol is thought to be either (+)-δ-cadinol or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Achillea Millefolium
''Achillea millefolium'', commonly known as yarrow () or common yarrow, is a flowering plant in the family Asteraceae. Growing to tall, it is characterized by small whitish flowers, a tall stem of fernlike leaves, and a pungent odor. The plant is native to temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere in Asia, Europe, and North America. It has been introduced as a feed for livestock in New Zealand and Australia. Used by some animals, the plant may have somewhat toxic properties, although historically it has been employed for medicinal purposes. Description ''Achillea millefolium'' is an erect, herbaceous, perennial plant that produces one to several stems in height, and has a spreading rhizomatous growth form. Cauline and more or less clasping, the leaves appear spirally and evenly along the stem, with the largest and most petiolate towards the base; they are long and fernlike, divided bipinnately or tripinnately. The inflorescence has 4 to 9 phyllaries and contains ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
Some chemical authorities define an organic compound as a chemical compound that contains a carbon–hydrogen or carbon–carbon bond; others consider an organic compound to be any chemical compound that contains carbon. For example, carbon-containing compounds such as alkanes (e.g. methane ) and its derivatives are universally considered organic, but many others are sometimes considered inorganic, such as certain compounds of carbon with nitrogen and oxygen (e.g. cyanide ion , hydrogen cyanide , chloroformic acid , carbon dioxide , and carbonate ion ). Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, and even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pheromone
A pheromone () is a secreted or excreted chemical factor that triggers a social response in members of the same species. Pheromones are chemicals capable of acting like hormones outside the body of the secreting individual, to affect the behavior of the receiving individuals. There are ''alarm signal, alarm pheromones'', ''food trail pheromones'', ''sex pheromones'', and many others that affect behavior or physiology. Pheromones are used by many organisms, from basic unicellular prokaryotes to complex multicellular eukaryotes. Their use among insects has been particularly well documented. In addition, some vertebrates, plants and ciliates communicate by using pheromones. The ecological functions and evolution of pheromones are a major topic of research in the field of chemical ecology. Background The portmanteau word "pheromone" was coined by Peter Karlson and Martin Lüscher in 1959, based on the Greek language, Greek () and (). Pheromones are also sometimes classified as ec ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Butterfly
Butterflies are winged insects from the lepidopteran superfamily Papilionoidea, characterized by large, often brightly coloured wings that often fold together when at rest, and a conspicuous, fluttering flight. The oldest butterfly fossils have been dated to the Paleocene, about 56 million years ago, though molecular evidence suggests that they likely originated in the Cretaceous. Butterflies have a four-stage life cycle, and like other holometabolous insects they undergo complete metamorphosis. Winged adults lay eggs on the food plant on which their larvae, known as caterpillars, will feed. The caterpillars grow, sometimes very rapidly, and when fully developed, pupate in a chrysalis. When metamorphosis is complete, the pupal skin splits, the adult insect climbs out, expands its wings to dry, and flies off. Some butterflies, especially in the tropics, have several generations in a year, while others have a single generation, and a few in cold locations may take s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Plebejus Argyrognomon
''Plebejus argyrognomon'', common name Reverdin's blue is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae. The species is named after Jacques-Louis Reverdin. Subspecies Subspecies include: * ''Plebejus argyrognomon anceps'' Churkin, 2004 – (Mongolia) * ''Plebeius argyrognomon argyrognomon'' Korb & Bolshakov, 2011 – (South Urals, SW. Siberia, Altai Mountains, Prisayanye) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon buchara'' (Forster, 1936) – (Uzbekistan) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon caerulescens'' (Grum-Grshimailo, 1893) – (South Western Siberia) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon danapriensis'' (Stempfer-Schmidt, 1932) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon euergetes'' (Stauder, 1914) – (Western and Southern Europe) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon letitia'' (Hemming, 1934) (Italy) * ''Plebejus argyrognomon praeterinsularis'' (Verity, 1921) Distribution This species can be found in Central and Southern Europe, Caucasus, in mountains of Southern Siberia, Mongolia and Amur River. In Japan the species is found in agricultural area ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brown Alga
Brown algae (: alga) are a large group of multicellular algae comprising the class Phaeophyceae. They include many seaweeds located in colder waters of the Northern Hemisphere. Brown algae are the major seaweeds of the temperate and polar regions. Many brown algae, such as members of the order Fucales, commonly grow along rocky seashores. Most brown algae live in marine environments, where they play an important role both as food and as a potential habitat. For instance, '' Macrocystis'', a kelp of the order Laminariales, may reach in length and forms prominent underwater kelp forests that contain a high level of biodiversity. Another example is '' Sargassum'', which creates unique floating mats of seaweed in the tropical waters of the Sargasso Sea that serve as the habitats for many species. Some members of the class, such as kelps, are used by humans as food. Between 1,500 and 2,000 species of brown algae are known worldwide. Some species, such as '' Ascophyllum nodosu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copaiba
Copaiba is an oleoresin obtained from the trunk of several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus ''Copaifera''). The thick, transparent exudate varies in color from light gold to dark brown, depending on the ratio of resin to essential oil. Copaiba is used in making varnishes and lacquers. The balsam may be steam distilled to give ''copaiba oil'', a colorless to light yellow liquid with the characteristic odor of the balsam and an aromatic, slightly bitter, pungent taste. The oil consists primarily of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons; its main component is β-caryophyllene. The oil also contains significant amounts of α-bergamotene, α-copaene, and β-bisabolene. It is also the primary source of copalic acid. Copaiba is also a common name for several species of trees of the legume family native to Tropical Africa and North and South America. __TOC__ Uses Copaiba is particularly interesting as a source of biodiesel, because of the high yield of . The resin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Copaifera Multijuga
''Copaifera'' is a genus of tropical plants in the legume family Fabaceae. It includes 40 species native to the tropical Americas (Nicaragua to northeastern Argentina), west and central tropical Africa, and Borneo.''Copaifera'' L. ''''. Retrieved 16 August 2023. The scientific name means "-bearer" (or more accurately, ''''-bearer), since economically important |
Mushroom
A mushroom or toadstool is the fleshy, spore-bearing Sporocarp (fungi), fruiting body of a fungus, typically produced above ground on soil or another food source. ''Toadstool'' generally refers to a poisonous mushroom. The standard for the name "mushroom" is the cultivated white button mushroom, ''Agaricus bisporus''; hence, the word "mushroom" is most often applied to those fungi (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes) that have a stem (Stipe (mycology), stipe), a cap (Pileus (mycology), pileus), and gills (lamellae, sing. Lamella (mycology), lamella) on the underside of the cap. "Mushroom" also describes a variety of other gilled fungi, with or without stems; therefore the term is used to describe the fleshy fruiting bodies of some Ascomycota. The gills produce microscopic Spore#Fungi, spores which help the fungus spread across the ground or its occupant surface. Forms deviating from the standard Morphology (biology), morphology usually have more specific names, such as "bolete", " ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clitocybe Illudens
''Omphalotus illudens'', commonly known as the eastern jack-o'lantern mushroom, is a North American species of fungus. Description It forms a large, orange mushroom. The caps grow up to wide. The gills are decurrent and the stem is up to 15 cm long. The flesh is orange and the spore print is white to cream. Its gills often exhibit a weak green bioluminescence when fresh. This green glow has been mentioned in several journal articles, which state that the phenomenon can persist up to 40–50 hours after the mushroom has been picked. It is believed that this display serves to attract insects to the mushroom's gills at night, which can then distribute its spores across a wider area. Similar species ''Omphalotus'' ''lludens'' is replaced by ''O. subilludens'' on the Gulf Coast, and ''O. olivascens'' is found in California. ''Armillaria tabescens'' forms small, dull orange caps. ''Omphalotus illudens'' is sometimes confused with edible chanterelles, but can be ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
