|
ﾅimﾄ］um
ﾅimﾄ］um (also Simanum) was an ancient Near East city-state whose location is not yet known. Its areal location is known to be in the northernmost part of Mesopotamia or the southernmost part of Anatolia, in the vicinity of the Tigris river, north of the Upper Zab river, and near the confluence of the Tigris and eastern Khabur (Tigris), Habur river (often confused with the western Khabur (Euphrates), Habur river off the Euphrates). It is well documented during the time of the Ur III Empire in the late 3rd Millennium BC. It has been proposed that ﾅimﾄ］um was known, under different names, in other periods. If those proposals are correct the site was active from the Akkadian Empire period though the Old Babylonian period. ﾅimﾄ］um is also the name of an Old Babylonian month. History The first ruler of Ur III, Shulgi, conducted a number of military campaigns in the northeast region of the empire around ﾅimﾄ］um. ﾅimﾄ］um itself appears to been a vassal rather than a tributary sta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shu-Sin
Shu-Sin, also ﾅu-Suen (: '' Dﾅu D Sﾃｮn'', after the Moon God Sﾃｮn", the "逐ｭ" being a silent honorific for "Divine", formerly read Gimil-Sin) (died c. 2028 BC) was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the fourth king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded his father Amar-Sin, and reigned 2037窶2028 BC (Middle Chronology). Reign Following an open revolt of his Amorite subjects, he directed the construction of a fortified wall between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers in his fourth year, intending it to hold off any further Amorite attacks. He was succeeded by his son Ibbi-Sin. An erotic poem addressed to Shu-Sin by a female speaker is preserved in a cuneiform tablet called Istanbul 2461. The poem's speaker expresses her strong desires and longings for the king. An inscription states that he gave his daughter in marriage to the ruler of ﾅimﾄ］um "His daughter was given as a bride to Simanum. Simanum, Habura, and the surrounding districts rebelled against the king, they chased ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nippur
Nippur (Sumerian language, Sumerian: ''Nibru'', often logogram, logographically recorded as , EN.Lﾃ広KI, "Enlil City;"I. E. S. Edwards, C. J. Gadd, N. G. L. Hammond, ''The Cambridge Ancient History: Prolegomena & Prehistory'': Vol. 1, Part 1, Cambridge University Press, 1970 Akkadian language, Akkadian: ''Nibbur'') was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the Ancient Near Eastern cosmology , cosmos, subject to Anu, An alone. Nippur was located in modern Nuffar 5 miles north of modern Afak, Al-Qﾄ‥isiyyah Governorate, Iraq. It is roughly 200 kilometers south of modern Baghdad and about 100 km southeast of the ancient city of Babylon. Occupation at the site extended back to the Ubaid period (Ubaid 2 窶 Hajji Muhammed), the Uruk period, and the Jemdet Nasr period. The origin of the ancient name is unknown but different proposals have been made. History Nippur never enjoyed political hegemony in its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ﾃ愿ｧtepe Hﾃｶyﾃｼk
ﾃ愿ｧtepe Hﾃｶyﾃｼk, is an ancient Near East archaeological site in Diyarbakﾄｱr Province, Turkey about 40 kilometers southeast of the modern city of Diyarbakﾄｱr and about 10 kilometers southwest of modern Bismil. The village of ﾃ愿ｧtepe is nearby. It was occupied from the Late Early Bronze Age until the Roman period and is notable as the discovery location of the Kurkh Monoliths. The ancient site of Ziyaret Tepe lies 22 kilometers to the west. Other archaeological sites in the area include Pir Hﾃｼseyin, Kenan Tepe, Hirbemerdon Tepe, Salat Tepe, Giricano, and Sahin Tepe (Mﾃｼslﾃｼman Tepe). Archaeology ﾃ愿ｧtepe Hﾃｶyﾃｼk covers an area about 400 meters in diameter with a height of about 44 meters, about 12.5 hectares in total. The main mound is about 200 meters by 189 meters in extent. The site (at that time called Kurkh) was first excavated by John George Taylor in 1861 to 1863 and again in 1866 observing "a high mound and a cluster of lower heaps about its base, situated at the easte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Billa
Tell Billa (also Tell Billah, Tall Billa, and Baasheikhah) is an archaeological site near Bashiqa in Nineveh Province (Iraq) 20 kilometers northeast of Mosul. History The site consists of a large mound and covers around . There is some evidence of occupation as far back as the Uruk period, including some Hurrian presence in the middle second millennium. An Uruk period cylinder seal was found at the site, a presentation scene of Istar. A few preliterate clay tokens were also found. On Stratum V a number of copper weapons, mainly axe heads and lance butts. One lance butt was inscribed with cuneiform characters. Early Bronze In 2022 it was proposed that Tell Billa was the site of the Ur III period (ca 2100 BC) city ﾅimﾄ］um (possibly known as Asimﾄ］um during the Akkadian Empire). Late Bronze Beginning in Middle Assyrian times the ancient city, not far from Assur, was named ﾅib/manibe in the Middle Assyrian period and ﾅibaniba in the Neo-Assyrian period. Its earlier name is not ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Anatolia
Anatolia (), also known as Asia Minor, is a peninsula in West Asia that makes up the majority of the land area of Turkey. It is the westernmost protrusion of Asia and is geographically bounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the south, the Aegean Sea to the west, the Turkish Straits to the northwest, and the Black Sea to the north. The eastern and southeastern limits have been expanded either to the entirety of Asiatic Turkey or to an imprecise line from the Black Sea to the Gulf of Alexandretta. Topographically, the Sea of Marmara connects the Black Sea with the Aegean Sea through the Bosporus and the Dardanelles, and separates Anatolia from Thrace in Southeast Europe. During the Neolithic, Anatolia was an early centre for the development of farming after it originated in the adjacent Fertile Crescent. Beginning around 9,000 years ago, there was a major migration of Anatolian Neolithic Farmers into Neolithic Europe, Europe, with their descendants coming to dominate the continent a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tell Hamoukar
Hamoukar (, known locally as ''Khirbat al-Fakhar'') is a large archaeological site located in the Jazira region of northeastern Syria ( Al Hasakah Governorate), near the Iraqi and Turkish borders. The early settlement dates back to the 5th millennium BCE, and it existed simultaneously with the Ubaid and the early Uruk cultures. It was a big centre of obsidian production. In the 3rd millennium, this was one of the largest cities of Northern Mesopotamia, and extended to 105 ha. History The origin of urban settlements has generally been attributed to the riverine societies of southern Mesopotamia (in what is now southern Iraq). This is the area of ancient Sumer, where around 4000 BC the Mesopotamian cities Ur and Uruk emerged. In 2007, following the discoveries at Hamoukar, some archaeologists have argued that the Cradle of Civilization could have extended further up the Tigris River and included the part of northern Syria where Hamoukar is located. In the Late Chalcolithic 2 peri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nineveh
Nineveh ( ; , ''URUNI.NU.A, Ninua''; , ''Nﾄｫnﾉ冽ﾄ''; , ''Nﾄｫnawﾄ''; , ''Nﾄｫnwﾄ''), was an ancient Assyrian city of Upper Mesopotamia, located in the modern-day city of Mosul (itself built out of the Assyrian town of Mepsila) in northern Iraq. It is located on the eastern bank of the Tigris River and was the capital and largest city of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, as well as the largest city in the world for several decades. Today, it is a common name for the half of Mosul that lies on the eastern bank of the Tigris, and the country's Nineveh Governorate takes its name from it. It was the largest city in the world for approximately fifty years until the year 612 BC when, after a bitter period of civil war in Assyria, it was sacked by a coalition of its former subject peoples including the Babylonians, Medes, and Scythians. The city was never again a political or administrative centre, but by Late Antiquity it was the seat of an Assyrian Christian bishop of the Assyrian Ch ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bismil
Bismil () is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Diyarbakﾄｱr Province, Turkey. Its area is 1,679 km2, and its population is 118,698 (2022). The district was established on 4 January 1936. Neighborhoods There are 122 mahalle, neighbourhoods in Bismil District: * Aﾄ淨ｱlkﾃｶy, Bismil, Aﾄ淨ｱlkﾃｶy * Aﾄ淨ｱllﾄｱ, Bismil, Aﾄ淨ｱllﾄｱ * Ahmetli, Bismil, Ahmetli * Akbaﾅ, Bismil, Akbaﾅ * Akﾃｧay, Bismil, Akﾃｧay * Akkﾃｶy, Bismil, Akkﾃｶy * Akpﾄｱnar * Alibey, Bismil, Alibey * Alﾄｱncak, Bismil, Alﾄｱncak * Altﾄｱok * Aluﾃｧ, Bismil, Aluﾃｧ * Ambar, Bismil, Ambar * Aralﾄｱk, Bismil, Aralﾄｱk * Arapkent, Bismil, Arapkent * Arﾄｱkgﾃｶl, Bismil, Arﾄｱkgﾃｶl * Aﾅ歛ﾄ淨ｱdolay, Bismil, Aﾅ歛ﾄ淨ｱdolay * Aﾅ歛ﾄ淨ｱoba, Bismil, Aﾅ歛ﾄ淨ｱoba * Aslanoﾄ殕u, Bismil, Aslanoﾄ殕u * Atakﾃｶy, Bismil, Atakﾃｶy * Aygeﾃｧti, Bismil, Aygeﾃｧti * Babahaki, Bismil, Babahaki * Bademli, Bismil, Bademli * Baharlﾄｱ, Bismil, Baharlﾄｱ * Bahﾃｧe, Bismil, Bahﾃｧe * Balcﾄｱlar, Bismil, Balcﾄｱlar * Baﾅ殄an, Bismil, Baﾅ殄an * Baﾅ殘 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Batman River
The Batman River is a major tributary of the Tigris in southeast Turkey. The region along the Batman River is known for its oil fields. Course The river originates in Turkey's Anti-Taurus Mountains (at the Sason and Genﾃｧ mountains) and flows approximately from north to south, passing near the city of Batman and forming a natural border between the Batman Province and Diyarbakﾄｱr Province. The historic Malabadi Bridge (built in 1146窶1147) crosses the river near the town of Silvan.Batman. Coﾄ殲afya , kultur.gov.tr, 21 February 2007 (in Turkish) The river is widest at about right after exiting the dam, but then narrows to about and forms numerous splits along its way to the Tigris. Its riverbed is irregular in many places, promoting flooding. A tributary of Batman, the Iluh River, originates in the Raman Mountain on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bassetki
Bassetki () is a small village in Iraq, in Dohuk Governorate of autonomous Kurdistan Region. The village is associated with several archaeological finds. History The site was occupied in the Early Bronze, Middle Bronze, Mittani, Middle Assyrian, Neo-Assyrian, Hellenistic, Islamic, and Modern periods. It may be the ancient city of Mardaman. Archaeology In 1975 a fragment of a figure of Naram-Sin of Akkad, known as Bassetki Statue, was discovered near Bassetki. The statue was stolen from the National Museum of Iraq during the Iraq War, but was later retrieved by US soldiers. Since 2016, archaeological excavations have been conducted in Bassetki by the Institute for Ancient Near Eastern Studies team from the University of Tﾃｼbingen and Hasan Qasim from the Directorate of Antiquities in Dohuk. They revealed a large Bronze Age city established in which flourished for more than 1,200 years. From the city had a wall protecting the upper part of the city from invaders. The city had an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cizre
Cizre () is a city in the Cizre District of ﾅ榮ｱrnak Province in Turkey. It is located on the river Tigris by the Syria窶典urkey border and close to the Iraq窶典urkey border. Cizre is in the historical region of Upper Mesopotamia and the cultural region of Turkish Kurdistan. The city had a population of 130,916 in 2021. It is predominantly inhabited by Kurds. Cizre was founded as Jazirat Ibn ﾊｿUmar in the 9th century by Taghlib#Abbasid period, Al-Hasan ibn Umar, List of rulers of Mosul, Emir of Mosul, on a manmade island in the Tigris. The city benefited from its situation as a river crossing and port in addition to its position at the end of an old Roman road which connected it to the Mediterranean Sea, and thus became an important commercial and strategic centre in Upper Mesopotamia. By the 12th century, it had adopted an intellectual and religious role, and sizeable Christian and Jewish communities are attested. Cizre suffered in the 15th century from multiple sackings and ult ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mardin
Mardin (; ; romanized: ''Mﾄ〉dﾄｫn''; ; ) is a city and seat of the Artuklu District of Mardin Province in Turkey. It is known for the Artuqids, Artuqid architecture of its old city, and for its strategic location on a rocky hill near the Tigris River. The old town of the city is under the protection of UNESCO, which forbids new constructions to preserve its faﾃｧade. The city had a population of 129,864 in 2021. The population is a mix of Kurds, Arabs, Mhallami, and Assyrian people, Assyrians. History Antiquity and etymology A legal document from Neo-Assyrian period has one mention of a road leading to Mardiﾄ］ﾃｪ - which is believed to be modern-day Mardin - indicating that the name has roots dating back to at least the Neo-Assyrian period. The city survived into the Syriac Christian period as the name of Mount Izla on which in the early 4th century stood the monastery of Nisibis, housing seventy monks. In the Roman period, the city itself was known as ''Marida'' (''Merid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
