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Ğälimcan İbrahimov
Ğälimcan İbrahimov (, ; 1887–1938) was a Tatar public figure, writer and linguist. The Institute of Language, Literature and Art of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences is named after him. Biography Ğälimcan İbrahimov was born in 1887 in the village of Sultanmuratovo in the family of Ğirfan İbrahimov, who was an imam in this village, and his wife, Bibixäsänä. He received his primary education from his father, then he studied in the madrasah of Keşänle, and in the Russian-language zemstvo school in Soltanmorat. In 1898–1905 and 1906–1908 he studied at Wäliä (Orendurg) and Ğäliä (Ufa) madrasahs respectively. After İbrahimof was expelled from Ğäliä, he collaborated with various Tatar-language newspapers, such as ''Älislax'', ''Yoldız'', ''Waqıt'', and ''Añ'', and worked as a teacher in modern-day Qazaqstan, Ural, and vicinities of Ästerxan. In 1912–1913, İbrahimov attended Kiev University as a free listener but was arrested by the poli ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Sultanmuratovo
Sultanmuratovo (; ) is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, rural locality (a Village#Russia, selo) and the administrative centre of Sultanmuratovsky Selsoviet, Aurgazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 706 as of 2010. There are 6 streets. Geography Sultanmuratovo is located 17 km northwest of Tolbazy,_Aurgazinsky_District,_Republic_of_Bashkortostan, Tolbazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bakayevo is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Aurgazinsky District {{Aurgazinsky-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
February Revolution
The February Revolution (), known in Soviet historiography as the February Bourgeois Democratic Revolution, and sometimes as the March Revolution or February Coup, was the first of two revolutions which took place in Russia in 1917. The main events of the revolution took place in and near Petrograd (now Saint Petersburg), the then-capital of Russia, where long-standing discontent with the monarchy erupted into mass protests against food rationing on 23 February Old Style (8 March New Style). Revolutionary activity lasted about eight days, involving mass demonstrations and violent armed clashes with police and gendarmes, the last loyal forces of the Russian monarchy. On 27 February O.S. (12 March N.S.), most of the forces of the capital's garrison sided with the revolutionaries. In the same day, the Russian Provisional Government, made up by left-leaning Duma members, was formed and seized the railway telegraph and issued orders claiming that the Duma now controlled the gover ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Rehabilitation (Soviet)
Rehabilitation (, transliterated in English as ''reabilitatsiya'' or academically rendered as ''reabilitacija'') was a term used in the context of the former Soviet Union and the post-Soviet states. Beginning after the death of Stalin in 1953, the government undertook the political and social restoration, or political rehabilitation, of persons who had been repressed and criminally prosecuted without due basis. It restored the person to the state of acquittal. In many cases, rehabilitation was posthumous, as thousands of victims had been executed or died in labor camps. The government also rehabilitated several minority populations which it had relocated under Stalin, and allowed them to return to their former territories and in some cases restored their autonomy in those regions. Post-Stalinism epoch The government started mass amnesty of the victims of Soviet repressions after the death of Joseph Stalin. In 1953, this did not entail any form of exoneration. The government ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pleurisy
Pleurisy, also known as pleuritis, is inflammation of the membranes that surround the lungs and line the chest cavity (Pulmonary pleurae, pleurae). This can result in a sharp chest pain while breathing. Occasionally the pain may be a constant dull ache. Other symptoms may include shortness of breath, cough, fever, or weight loss, depending on the underlying cause. Pleurisy can be caused by a variety of conditions, including viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, and pulmonary embolism. The most common cause is a viral infection. Other causes include bacterial infection, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, autoimmune disorders, lung cancer, following heart surgery, pancreatitis and asbestosis. Occasionally the cause remains unknown. The underlying mechanism involves the rubbing together of the pleurae instead of smooth gliding. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include pericarditis, myocardial infarction, heart attack, cholecystitis, pulmonary embolism ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Tuberculosis (TB), also known colloquially as the "white death", or historically as consumption, is a contagious disease usually caused by ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis generally affects the lungs, but it can also affect other parts of the body. Most infections show no symptoms, in which case it is known as inactive or latent tuberculosis. A small proportion of latent infections progress to active disease that, if left untreated, can be fatal. Typical symptoms of active TB are chronic cough with blood-containing mucus, fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Infection of other organs can cause a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is spread from one person to the next through the air when people who have active TB in their lungs cough, spit, speak, or sneeze. People with latent TB do not spread the disease. A latent infection is more likely to become active in those with weakened immune systems. There are two principal tests for TB: interferon- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Soviet Crimea
Several different governments controlled the Crimean Peninsula during the period of the Soviet Union, from the 1920s to 1991. The government of Crimea from 1921 to 1936 was the Crimean Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, which was an Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic within the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (SFSR); the name was altered slightly to the Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 to 1945. Due to alleged collaboration of Crimean Tatars with Nazi Germany during World War II, all Crimean Tatars were deported by the Soviet regime in 1944 and the peninsula was resettled with other peoples, mainly Russians and Ukrainians, leaving the autonomous republic without its titular nationality. It was thus downgraded to an oblast within the Russian SFSR on 30 June 1945. The oblast was transferred to the Ukrainian SSR in 1954. Following a state-sanctioned referendum in 1991, it became again an autonomous republic, within the Ukrainian SSR, and the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Yalta
Yalta (: ) is a resort town, resort city on the south coast of the Crimean Peninsula surrounded by the Black Sea. It serves as the administrative center of Yalta Municipality, one of the regions within Crimea. Yalta, along with the rest of Crimea, is internationally recognised as part of Ukraine, and is considered part of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea. However, it is controlled de facto by Russia, which Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, annexed Crimea in 2014 and regards the town as part of the Republic of Crimea (Russia), Republic of Crimea. According to the most recent census, its population was The city is located on the site of the ancient Greece, ancient Greek colony of Yalita ( ). It is said to have been founded by Greek settlers who were looking for a safe shore on which to land. It is situated on a deep bay facing south towards the Black Sea, surrounded by the mountain range Ai-Petri. It has a humid subtropical climate and is surrounded by numerous vin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Central Committee Of The RCP(b)
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the highest organ of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) between Congresses. Elected by the Congress, the Central Committee emerged as the core nexus of executive and administrative authority in the party, with de facto supremacy over the government of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union. It was composed of full members and candidate (non-voting) members. Real authority was often concentrated in smaller, more agile organs elected by the Committee, namely the Politburo, Secretariat, and Orgburo (dissolved in 1952), as well as in the post of General Secretary. Theoretically a collective leadership, the Committee increasingly became a rubber-stamp institution, particularly from the late 1920s onward under the dominance of Joseph Stalin. The Central Committee originated in the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party, Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (RSDLP), established in 1898, and continued in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
People's Commissariat For Nationalities
The People's Commissariat of Nationalities of the RSFSR (, ''Narodny komissariat po delam natsional'nostey RSFSR''), abbreviated NKNats () or Narkomnats (), an organization functioning from 1917 to 1924 in the early Soviet period of Russian and Soviet history, tasked with dealing with non-Russian nationalities. Its head, Joseph Stalin, as the chairman of the People's Commissariat of Nationalities (1917–23), served as a member of the Council of People's Commissars. Origins It was established even before the October Revolution on 11 June 1917 by the Petrograd Soviet as part of three measures to create state forms that would guarantee federal and autonomous solutions to national questions in the Russian Revolution: * complete civil equality for all citizens * the right to use the mother tongue in official business, on par with Russian * the formation of a Soviet of nationality affairs – Narkomnats. This decision was made in response to the crisis triggered by the Central Counci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Commissariat For Muslim Affairs Of Inner Russia
Muskom was the ''Central Commissariat of Muslim affairs in Inner Russia and Siberia'' set up by the Bolsheviks in January 1918 as part of Narkomnats. Mullanur Waxitov was appointed as chair, although he was not a member of the Communist Party. Mirsäyet Soltanğäliev served as the representative of the Bolsheviks. An initial congress was organised in November 1918. A second congress was organised in November 1919 and was addressed by Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.''The Bolshevik Revolution:1917-1923'' by Edward Carr, Penguin, 1950, p324 Central Muslim Military Collegium Attached to Muskom was the Central Muslim Military Collegium (CMMC), which organised Muslim troops into a fighting force on the Red side. Soltanğäliev was appointed its chair in December 1918. Karim Tinchurin Kareem (alternatively spelled Karim, Kerim or Karem) () is a given name and surname of Arabic origin that means "generous", "noble", "honourable". It is also one of the Names of God. Given name Karim ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Mullanur Waxitof
Mullanur Mullacan ulı Waxitov Mullanur Waxitov (Tatar Cyrillic and , ), also spelled Vakhitov (10 August 1885 – August 1918) was a Volga Tatars, Tatar revolutionary active in the Russian Revolution. Early life Born in Kazan, he entered secondary school run by Social Democrats there in 1899. He participated in the 1905 revolutionary events and in 1906 he joined a Marxist study circle. In 1907, he entered economical department of St Petersburg Polytechnic Institute and moved to the law department of Saint Petersburg State Medical Academy, St Petersburg Psychoneurological Institute in 1912. There, he met Vladimir Bekhterev, Mikhail Frunze, Yakov Gamarnik, and Larisa Reisner. At this time, he organised a study circle for Muslim students. By April 1917, he was back in Kazan where got involved in the Muslim Socialist Committee of Kazan, Muslim Socialist Committee (MSK), which was influenced by the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Communist Party in Kazan. He was the editor of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
Russian Constituent Assembly
The All Russian Constituent Assembly () was a constituent assembly convened in Russia after the February Revolution of 1917. It met for 13 hours, from 4 p.m. to 5 a.m., , whereupon it was dissolved by the Bolshevik-led All-Russian Central Executive Committee,The Bolsheviks: the intellectual and political history of the triumph of communism in Russia : with a new preface. Adam Bruno Ulam. Harvard University Press. p. 397.The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Union. Richard Sakwa. p. 73Russia in War and Revolution: General William V. Judson's Accounts from Petrograd, 1917-1918. William Voorhees Judson. Kent State University Press. p. 229How the Soviet Union is Governed. Jerry F. Hough. p. 80 proclaiming the Third All-Russian Congress of Soviets the new governing body of Russia.Russia in the Twentieth Century: The Quest for Stability. David R. Marples. p. 38How the Soviet Union is Governed. Jerry F. Hough. p. 81The Life and Times of Soviet Socialism. Alex F. Dowlah, John E. Elliott. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] [Amazon] |
