Umayyad Caliphate

Second Islamic caliphate (661–750) Umayyad Caliphateٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة (Arabic)Al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya661–750The Umayyad Caliphate at its greatest extent, under Caliph Umar II, c. 720StatusEmpireCapital Damascus (661–744) Harran (744–750) Official languagesArabicCommon languages List Arabic Middle Persian (administrative until c. 697) Medieval Greek (administrative until c. 700–705) Coptic (administrative until c. 705) Religion Sunni Islam (state)GovernmentHereditary monarchyCaliph • 661–680 Mu'awiya I (first)• 744–750 Marwan II (last) History • Hasan–Mu'awiya treaty 661• Abbasid revolution 750 Area72015,000,000 km2 (5,800,000 sq mi)Currency Dinar (gold coin) Dirham (silver coin) Fils (copper coin) Preceded by Succeeded by Rashidun Caliphate Exarchate of Africa Abbasid Caliphate Emirate of Córdoba Caliphateخِلافة‎ Main caliphates Rashidun Caliphate Umayyad Caliphate Abbasid Caliphate Ottoman Caliphate Parallel caliphates Cordoba Caliphate Fatimid Caliphate Almohad Caliphate Sokoto Caliphate Sharifian Caliphate Islam portalvte Historical Arab states and dynasties Northern Ancient Arab states Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–30