Polish–Russian War (1654–1667)

BelligerentsTsardom of Russia
Cossack HetmanatePolish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
Crimean Khanate
Cossack Hetmanate (1658–1659, 1660–1667 in Right-bank Ukraine)
Duchy of Prussia (1654–1656)Commanders and leadersAleksey Trubetskoy
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky
Ivan Bohun
Ivan Sirko
Vasily Sheremetev(POW)
Vasiliy Buturlin
Ivan Khovansky
Yuri Dolgorukov
Afanasy Ordin-Nashchokin
Yakov Cherkassky#†Stefan Czarniecki (DOW)
Wincenty Gosiewski(POW)
John II Casimir
Stanisław Lanckoroński
Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski
Michał Kazimierz Pac
Aleksander Hilary Połubiński
Stanisław Rewera Potocki
Janusz Radziwiłł
Paweł Jan Sapieha
Ivan Vyhovsky
Pavlo Teteria
Petro Doroshenko

The Polish–Russian War of 1654–1667 was a major conflict between the Tsardom of Russia and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Between 1655 and 1660, the Swedish invasion was also fought in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and so the period became known as "The Deluge".

The Commonwealth initially suffered defeats, but it regained its ground and won several decisive battles. However, its plundered economy was not able to fund the long conflict. Facing internal crisis and civil war, the Commonwealth was forced to sign a truce. The war ended with significant Russian territorial gains and marked the beginning of the rise of Russia as a great power in Eastern Europe.