Nepal Mandala

Nepal Mandala (Nepali: नेपाल मण्डल) was a historical region in present-day central Nepal, consisting of the Kathmandu Valley and surrounding areas. According to the Outline History of Nepal, Nepal consisted of three kingdoms during the early medieval period: Khasa in the west, Karnatak in the south and Nepal Mandala in the centre. Bhaktapur was the capital of Nepal Mandala until the 15th century when three capitals, including Kathmandu and Lalitpur, were established. The rule of the indigenous Newars in Nepal Mandala ended with its conquest by the Gorkha Kingdom and the rise of the Shah dynasty in 1768.