Topic summary

List of English words of French origin

The prevalence of words of French origin that have been borrowed into English is comparable to that of borrowings from Latin. Estimates vary, but the general belief is that 35%, 40%, or possibly as many as 45% of the English dictionary have words of French origin. This suggests that up to 80,000 words should appear in this list. The list, however, only includes words directly borrowed from French, so it includes both and but does not include derivatives with English suffixes such as , , , and .

Estimates suggest that at least a third of English vocabulary is of French origin, with some specialists, like scholars, indicating that the proportion may be two-thirds in some registers. After the Norman Conquest led by William the Conqueror in 1066, the ruling elite introduced their Old French [Norman] lexicon into England, where it gradually blended with Old English, which the Germanic language had already shaped. Of the 15,000 words in William Shakespeare's works, 40% are of French origin.

Furthermore, the list excludes compound words in which only one of the elements is from French, e.g. , , , , , and , and English-made combinations of words of French origin, e.g. ( + ), ( + ), , , , and . Also excluded are words that come from French but were introduced into English via another language, e.g. , , , , , , , , , , , , , , and .

English words of French origin should be distinguished from French words and expressions in English.

Although French is mostly derived from Latin, important other word sources are Gaulish and some Germanic languages, especially Old Frankish.

Latin accounts for about 60% of English vocabulary either directly or via a Romance language. As both English and French have borrowed many words from Latin, determining whether a given Latin word entered English via French or directly from Latin might in some cases be difficult.