Ciliate

Ciliates are an important group of protists, common almost anywhere there is water—in lakes, ponds, oceans, rivers, and wet soils, including anoxic (oxygen-depleted) habitats. About 4,500 unique free-living species have been described, and the potential number of extant species is estimated at 27,000–40,000. Included in this number are many ectosymbiotic and endosymbiotic species, as well as some obligate and opportunisticparasites. Ciliate species range in size from as little as 10 μm in some colpodeans to as much as 4 mm in length in some geleiids, and include some of the most morphologically complex protozoans.

In most systems of taxonomy, "Ciliophora" is ranked as a phylum under any of several kingdoms, including Chromista, Protista or Protozoa. In some older systems of classification, such as the influential taxonomic works of Alfred Kahl, ciliated protozoa are placed within the class "Ciliata" (a term which can also refer to a genus of fish). In the taxonomic scheme endorsed by the , which eliminates formal rank designations such as "phylum" and "class", "Ciliophora" is an unranked taxon within Alveolata.