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Topic summary

Acetaldehyde

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Names Preferred IUPAC name
Acetaldehyde
Systematic IUPAC name
Ethanal
Other names
Acetic aldehyde
Ethyl aldehyde
Acetylaldehyde
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
Abbreviations AcH ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard100.000.761EC Number
  • 200-836-8
KEGG
RTECS number
  • AB1925000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H3
    Key: IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
  • InChI=1/C2H4O/c1-2-3/h2H,1H3
    Key: IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYAB
  • O=CC
  • CC=O
Properties C2H4OMolar mass44.053 g·mol Appearance Colourless gas or liquid OdorEthereal Density0.784 g·cm (20 °C)

0.7904–0.7928 g·cm (10 °C)

Melting point−123.37 °C (−190.07 °F; 149.78 K) Boiling point20.2 °C (68.4 °F; 293.3 K) Critical point (T, P) 466 K (193 °C), 5570 kPa miscible Solubilitymiscible with ethanol, ether, benzene, toluene, xylene, turpentine, acetone
slightly soluble in chloroformlog P−0.34 Vapor pressure740 mmHg (20 °C) Acidity (pKa) 13.57 (25 °C, H2O) −0.5153 cm/g 1.3316 Viscosity0.21 mPa-s at 20 °C (0.253 mPa-s at 9.5 °C) Structure trigonal planar (sp) at C1
tetrahedral (sp) at C22.7 DThermochemistry 89 J·mol·K 160.2 J·mol·K −192.2 kJ·mol −127.6 kJ·mol −1167 kJ·mol −2.310 kJ·mol 26.12 kJ·mol Related compounds
Related aldehydes
Formaldehyde
Propionaldehyde
Related compounds
Ethylene oxideHazards Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH):
Main hazards
suspected carcinogen GHS labelling: H224, H319, H335, H351P210, P261, P281, P305+P351+P338NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
3
4
3
Flash point−39.00 °C; −38.20 °F; 234.15 K 175.00 °C; 347.00 °F; 448.15 K Explosive limits4.0–60% Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): 1930 mg/kg (rat, oral) 13,000 ppm (rat),
17,000 ppm (hamster),
20,000 ppm (rat) NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
200 ppm (360 mg/m)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
2000 ppm Safety data sheet (SDS) HMDBSupplementary data page Acetaldehyde (data page)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Acetaldehyde (IUPAC systematic name ethanal) is an organic chemical compound with the formulaCH3CH=O. It is a colorless liquid or gas, boiling near room temperature. It is one of the most important aldehydes, occurring widely in nature and being produced on a large scale in industry. Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and ripe fruit, and is produced by plants. It is also produced by the partial oxidation of ethanol by the liver enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase and is a contributing cause of hangover after alcohol consumption. Pathways of exposure include air, water, land, or groundwater, as well as drink and smoke. Consumption of disulfiram inhibits acetaldehyde dehydrogenase, the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of acetaldehyde, thereby causing it to build up in the body.

Although the International Agency for Research on Cancer has listed acetaldehyde as a Group 1 carcinogen, there is insufficient evidence from human studies to prove a cause-and-effect relationship between acetaldehyde exposure and cancer.

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