2025 United Nations Climate Change Conference

The 2025 United Nations Climate Change Conference or Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC, more commonly known as COP30, was the 30th session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference. It was held at the in Belém, Brazil, from 10 to 21 November 2025.

Agreeing on an explicit plan or roadmap for phasing out fossil fuels was the most contentious issue. Oil producing nations blocked any binding language so the COP30 president, André Corrêa do Lago, announced two voluntary roadmaps outside the formal UN process.

The published conference text agreed upon after final negotiations was a compromise. Its main points were:

1. Tripling climate adaptation finance by 2035 but without clarity on who pays.
2. A Just Transition Mechanism (JTM) to support fairness in moving to a green economy.
3. Adoption of 59 global indicators for tracking adaptation progress.

Commentators considered the overall outcome to have been weak.