The Phalangiidae are a family of

harvestmen The Opiliones (formerly Phalangida) are an Order (biology), order of arachnids, Common name, colloquially known as harvestmen, harvesters, harvest spiders, or daddy longlegs (see below). , over 6,650 species of harvestmen have been discovered w ...

with about 380 known species. The best known is ''

Phalangium opilio ''Phalangium opilio'' (also known as the common harvestman, brown harvestman and daddy longlegs) is a species of harvestman belonging to the family Phalangiidae. Taxonomy ''P. opilio'' is a member of the Eupnoi suborder of Opiliones. Distribut ...

''. ''

Dicranopalpus ramosus ''Dicranopalpus ramosus'' is a species of harvestman. Males are up to 4 mm long, females can reach up to 6 mm. Both sexes have very long legs (especially the second pair can reach up to 5 cm), and the pedipalps have a forked appe ...

'' is a common

introduced species An introduced species, alien species, exotic species, adventive species, immigrant species, foreign species, non-indigenous species, or non-native species is a species living outside its native distributional range, but which has arrived ther ...

Europe Europe is a continent located entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and mostly in the Eastern Hemisphere. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, the Mediterranean Sea to the south, and Asia to the east ...

. It is not to be confused with the harvestman family

Phalangodidae The Phalangodidae are a family of harvestman, harvestmen with about 30 genus, genera and more than 100 described species, distributed in the Holarctic region. It is not to be confused with the harvestman family Phalangiidae, which is in the su ...

, which belongs to the suborder

Laniatores Laniatores is the largest suborder of the arachnid order Opiliones with over 4,200 described species worldwide. The majority of the species are highly dependent on humid environments and usually correlated with tropical and temperate forest habit ...

Name

The name of the type genus is derived from

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek (, ; ) includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the classical antiquity, ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Greek ...

''phalangion'' "harvestman". (2007): Phalangiidae Latreille, 1802. In: Pinto-da-Rocha ''et al.'' 2007: 123ff

Systematics

* Dicranopalpinae :* '' Amilenus'' Martens, 1969 (1 species; central Europe) :* '' Dicranopalpus''

Doleschall Carl Ludwig Doleschall (; ; born 15 July 1827 – died 26 February 1859) was born in Vág-Újhely, Kingdom of Hungary (1526–1867), Kingdom of Hungary, Austrian Empire (now Nové Mesto nad Váhom, Slovakia), as the son of the theologian Michael Do ...

, 1852 (12 species; Europe, South America) * Oligolophinae

Banks A bank is a financial institution that accepts deposits from the public and creates a demand deposit while simultaneously making loans. Lending activities can be directly performed by the bank or indirectly through capital markets. As banks ...

, 1893 :* '' Lacinius'' Thorell, 1876 (17 species; China, Europe, North America) :* ''

Mitopiella ''Mitopiella cinctipes'' is a species of harvestmen in a monotypic genus in the family Phalangiidae The Phalangiidae are a family of harvestmen with about 380 known species. The best known is ''Phalangium opilio''. ''Dicranopalpus ramosus'' i ...

'' Banks, 1930 (1 species; Borneo) :* '' Mitopus'' Thorell, 1876 (9 species; Eurasia, North America) :* ''

Odiellus ''Odiellus'' is a genus of harvestmen in the family Phalangiidae. Species * '' Odiellus aspersus'' (Karsch, 1881) * '' Odiellus brevispina'' (Simon, 1879) * '' Odiellus duriusculus'' (Simon, 1879) * '' Odiellus granulatus'' (Canestrini, 1871) * ...

'' Roewer, 1923 (17 species; Eurasia, North Africa, North America) :* '' Oligolophus'' C. L. Koch, 1871 (4 species; Europe, China) :* '' Paralacinius'' Morin, 1934 (1 species) :* '' Paroligolophus'' Lohmander, 1945 (2 species; continental Europe and Britain) :* '' Roeweritta'' Silhavý, 1965 (1 species) * Opilioninae C.L. Koch, 1839 :* '' Egaenus'' C.L. Koch, in Hahn & C.L. Koch 1839 (14 species; Eurasia) :* '' Himalphalangium'' Martens, 1973 (5 species) :* '' Homolophus'' Banks, 1893 (25 species; central Asia, North America) :* '' Opilio'' Herbst, 1798 (63 species; Eurasia, one species also in North America) :* '' Scleropilio'' Roewer, 1911 (1 species; central Asia) * Phalangiinae Latreille, 1802 :* '' Acanthomegabunus'' Tsurusaki, Tchemeris & Logunov, 2000 (1 species; Siberia) :* '' Bactrophalangium'' Silhavý, 1966 (2 species) :* '' Bunochelis'' Roewer, 1923 (2 species; Canary Islands) :* '' Coptophalangium'' Starega, 1984 (1 species) :* ''

Cristina Cristina is a female given name, and it is also a surname. Notable people with the name include: Given name * Cristina (daughter of Edward the Exile), 11th-century English princess *Cristina (singer), Cristina Monet-Palaci (1956–2020), American ...

'' Loman, 1902 (13 species; Africa) :* '' Dacnopilio'' Roewer, 1911 (4 species; Africa) :* '' Dasylobus''

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1878 (19 species; southern Europe, northern Africa) :* '' Graecophalangium'' Roewer, 1923 (5 species; Greece, Macedonia) :* '' Guruia'' Loman, 1902 (5 species; Africa) :* '' Hindreus'' Kauri, 1985 (3 species; Africa) :* '' Leptobunus'' Banks, 1893 (5 species; North America) :* '' Liopilio'' Schenkel, 1951 (2 species; Alaska) :* '' Liropilio'' Gritsenko, 1979 (2 species; Russia, Kazakhstan) :* '' Megistobunus'' Hansen, 1921 (3 species) :* '' Metadasylobus'' Roewer, 1911 (8 species; Balkans, Greece, Canary Islands, France, Spain) :* '' Metaphalangium'' Roewer, 1911 (15 species; southern Europe, northern Africa, Asia Minor, Canary Islands) :* '' Odontobunus'' Roewer, 1910 (9 species; Africa) :* '' Parascleropilio'' Rambla, 1975 (1 species) :* ''

Phalangium ''Phalangium'' is a genus of harvestmen that occur mostly in the Old World. The best known species is ''Phalangium opilio'', which is so common in many temperate regions that it is simply called "harvestman". Species The genus ''Phalangium'' co ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

(35 species; Africa, Eurasia, Cuba) :* '' Ramblinus'' Starega, 1984 (1 species; Madeira) :* ''

Rhampsinitus Rhampsinit (also called Rhampsinitos, Rhampsinitus, Rampsinitus, Rampsinit, derived from Herodotus' Greek Ῥαμψίνιτος ''Rhampsínitos'') is the Hellenization, hellenized name of a Fiction, fictitious king (pharaoh) from Ancient Egypt. He ...

'' Simon, 1879 (47 species; Africa) :* '' Rilaena'' Silhavý, 1965 (8 species; Europe) :* '' Tchapinius'' Roewer, 1929 (1 species; Kamchatka) :* '' Zachaeus'' C.L. Koch, 1839 (10 species; southeastern Europe, Asia Minor) * Platybuninae Starega, 1976 :* '' Buresilia'' Silhavý, 1965 (3 species) :* '' Lophopilio'' Hadzi, 1931 (2 species) :* '' Megabunus'' Meade, 1855 (6 species; Europe) :* '' Metaplatybunus'' Roewer, 1911 (8 species; Greece) :* ''

Paraplatybunus ''Paraplatybunus'' is a subgenus of harvestmen in the family Phalangiidae The Phalangiidae are a family of harvestmen with about 380 known species. The best known is ''Phalangium opilio''. ''Dicranopalpus ramosus'' is a common introduced sp ...

'' Dumitrescu, 1970 (2 species) :* '' Platybunoides'' Silhavý, 1956 (1 species) :* '' Platybunus'' C.L. Koch, 1839 (22 species; Europe, Sumatra) :* '' Rafalskia'' Starega, 1963 (1 species; Asia minor) :* '' Stankiella'' Hadzi, 1973 (2 species)

Footnotes

References

* Joel Hallan's Biology Catalog
Phalangiidae
* (eds.) (2007): Harvestmen - The Biology of Opiliones. ''Harvard University Press'' Harvestmen Harvestman families {{Opiliones-stub