Mitridae - Mitra Papalis

Mitridae, known as mitres or mitre shells, are a taxonomic family of sea snails, widely distributed marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Mitroidea.

Both the Latin name and the common name are taken from the item of ecclesiastical headgear, the mitre or miter, used in reference to the elongated and slender shape of the shells.

These shells often exhibit intricate and colorful patterns, ranging from intricate spirals to bold geometric designs. The aperture of the shell is typically narrow, and the columella, the central axis of the shell, may be smooth or possess ridges.

The dentition of radula in the Mitroidea is rachiglossate, with well-developed central and lateral teeth, both comb-like.

Members of this family are carnivorous predators. Their elongated proboscis aids in reaching and capturing prey (worms, small crustaceans, and other molluscs).They play a role in enriching marine ecosystems by contributing to the regulation of prey populations.

Distribution

These sea snails are found in most warm and temperate seas, with notable concentrations in the Indo-Pacific region. They inhabit coral reefs, sandy bottoms, and rocky substrates.

Subfamilies and genera

Subfamilies and genera in the family Mitridae include: Powell A. W. B., ''New Zealand Mollusca'', William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979

* Cylindromitrinae Cossmann, 1899
** ''Nebularia'' Swainson, 1840
** ''Pterygia'' Röding, 1798
** '' Wormsina'' Harzhauser & Landau, 2021
* Imbricariinae Troschel, 1867
** '' Austroimbricaria'' A. M. Olivera & Camacho, 1992
** ''Cancilla'' Swainson, 1840
** ''Imbricaria'' Schumacher, 1817
** ''Imbricariopsis'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** ''Neocancilla'' Cernohorsky, 1970
** ''Scabricola'' Swainson, 1840
** ''Swainsonia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* Isarinae Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** '' Isara'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
** ''Subcancilla'' Olsson & Harbison, 1953
* Mitrinae Swainson, 1829
** ''Acromargarita'' S.-I Huang, 2021
** '' Calcimitra'' Huang, 2011
** '' Cancillopsis'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** †'' Dentimitra'' von Koenen, 1890
** '' Domiporta'' Cernohorsky, 1970
** '' Episcomitra'' Monterosato, 1917
** '' Eumitra'' Tate, 1889
** †'' Fraudiziba'' Harzhauser & Landau, 2021
** '' Fusidomiporta'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** ''Gemmulimitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** ''Mitra'' Röding, 1798
** '' Neotiara'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** '' Profundimitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** †'' Pseudocancilla'' Staadt in Cossmann, 1913
** ''Pseudonebularia'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** ''Quasimitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** '' Roseomitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** '' Ziba'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* Pleioptygmatinae Quinn, 1989
** '' Pleioptygma'' Conrad, 1863
* Strigatellinae Troschel, 1869
** ''Strigatella'' Swainson, 1840
* nassignedMitridae (temporary name)
** '' Atrimitra'' Dall, 1918
** '' Carinomitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** † '' Clifdenia'' Laws, 1932
** ''Condylomitra'' Fedosov, Herrmann, Kantor & Bouchet, 2018
** '' Dibaphimitra'' Cernohorsky, 1970
** † '' Fusimitra'' Conrad, 1855
** '' Magnamitra'' Huang & Salisbury, 2017
** '' Panamitra'' E. F. García & R. Salisbury, 2024
** '' Probata'' Sarasúa, 1989
** '' Vicimitra'' Iredale, 1929

; Genera brought into synonymy:
* ''Acuticylindra'' Iredale, 1929: synonym of ''Pterygia'' Röding, 1798
* ''Chrysame'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Strigatella'' Swainson, 1840
* ''Conoelix'' Swainson, 1821: synonym of ''Imbricaria'' Schumacher, 1817
* ''Cylindra'' Schumacher, 1817: synonym of ''Pterygia'' Röding, 1798
* ''Cylindromitra'' P. Fischer, 1884: synonym of ''Pterygia'' Röding, 1798
* † ''Diplomitra'' Finlay, 1926: synonym of '' Eumitra'' Tate, 1889
* ''Mauritia'' H. Adams, 1869: synonym of ''Nebularia'' Swainson, 1840
* ''Mitroidea'' Pease, 1865: synonym of ''Nebularia'' Swainson, 1840
* ''Mitrella'' Swainson, 1831: synonym of ''Swainsonia'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853
* ''Mutyca'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853: synonym of ''Nebularia'' Swainson, 1840
* ''Tiarella'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''Mitra'' Lamarck, 1798

Image:Cancilla gloriola 001.jpg, '' Cancilla gloriola''
Image:Mitra stictica 01.JPG, '' Mitra stictica''
Image:Neocancilla circula 01.JPG, ''Neocancilla circula''
Image:Pterygia scabricula 001.jpg, '' Pterygia scabricula''
File:Scabricola olivaeformis 01.JPG, '' Scabricola olivaeformis''
Image:Scabricola padangensis 002.jpg, '' Scabricola padangensis''
Image:Subcancilla hrdlickai 002.jpg, '' Subcancilla hrdlickai''
Image:Imbricaria bacillum 01.jpg, '' Ziba bacillum''

References

External links

Swainson W. (1829-1833). Zoological Illustrations, or original figures and descriptions of new, rare, or interesting animals, selected chiefly from the classes of ornithology, entomology, and conchology, and arranged according to their apparent affinities. Second series. London: Baldwin & Cradock. (Vol. 1-3)

Fedosov A., Puillandre N., Herrmann M., Kantor Yu., Oliverio M., Dgebuadze P., Modica M.V. & Bouchet P. (2018). The collapse of Mitra: molecular systematics and morphology of the Mitridae (Gastropoda: Neogastropoda). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 1-85

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642

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