Gryphaeidae - Neopycnodonte Navicularis-001

The Gryphaeidae, common name the foam oysters or honeycomb oysters, are a family of marine bivalve mollusks. This family of bivalves is very well represented in the fossil record, however the number of living species is very few.

All species have shells cemented to a substrate. Shells are considered brittle, inequivalve, with the left, lower (cemented) valve convex and the right (upper, non-cemented) valve flat or slightly concave.

Subfamilies

Genera and species within this family are divided into three subfamilies, Exogyrinae, Gryphaeinae and Pycnodonteinae. Both Exogyrinae and Gryphaeinae are completely extinct. Only two genera ''Hyotissa'' and ''Neopycnodonte'' in the subfamily Pycnodonteinae have extant species.

Genera and species

Genera and species within the family Gryphaeidae include:
Family Gryphaeidae Vialov, 1936 (some genera also known as Devil's toenails)
*Subfamily †Exogyrinae Vialov, 1936
**Genus †''Aetostreon'' Bayle, 1878
**Genus †'' Amphidonte'' Fischer von Waldheim, 1829
**Genus †'' Costagyra'' Vialov, 1936
**Genus †''Exogyra'' Say, 1820
**Genus †'' Fluctogyra'' Vialov, 1936
**Genus †'' Gryphaeostrea'' Conrad, 1865
**Genus †'' Gyrostrea'' Mirkamalov, 1963
**Genus †'' Ilymatogyra'' Stenzel, 1971
**Genus †'' Nanogyra'' Beurlen, 1958
**Genus †'' Nutogyra'' Vialov, 1936
**Genus †'' Planospirites'' Lamarck, 1801
**Genus †'' Vultogryphaea'' Vialov, 1936
*Subfamily †Gryphaeinae Vialov, 1936
**Genus †'' Africogryphaea'' Freneix, 1963
**Genus †'' Deltoideum'' Rollier, 1917
**Genus †''Gryphaea'' Lamarck, 1801
**Genus †''Liostrea'' DouvillŽ, 1904
**Genus †'' Pernostrea'' Munier-Chalmas, 1864
**Genus †'' Praeexogyra'' Charles, 1952
*Subfamily Pycnodonteinae Stenzel, 1959
**Genus †''Gigantostrea'' (Sacco, 1897)
**Genus ''Hyotissa'' Stenzel, 1971
**Genus †'' Labrostrea'' Vialov, 1936
**Genus ''Neopycnodonte'' Stenzel, 1971
**Genus †''Pycnodonte'' (Fischer von Waldheim, 1835)
**Genus †''Texigryphaea'' Stenzel, 1959
*Subfamily ''Incertae sedis''
** Genus †'' Rhynchostreon'' Bayle, 1878

References

Extant Early Triassic first appearances
Bivalve families

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