Dig Dug

is a maze arcade video game released by Namco in 1982. It was distributed in North America by Atari, Inc. The player digs underground tunnels to attack enemies in each level, by either inflating them to bursting or crushing them underneath rocks.

''Dig Dug'' was planned and designed by Masahisa Ikegami, with help from ''Galaga'' creator Shigeru Yokoyama. It was programmed for the Namco Galaga arcade board by Shouichi Fukatani, who worked on many of Namco's earlier arcade games, along with Toshio Sakai. Music was composed by Yuriko Keino, including the character movement jingle at executives' request, as her first Namco game. Namco heavily marketed it as a "strategic digging game".

Upon release, ''Dig Dug'' was well received by critics for its addictive gameplay, cute characters, and strategy. During the golden age of arcade video games, it was globally successful, including as the second highest-grossing arcade game of 1982 in Japan. It prompted a long series of sequels and spin-offs, including the '' Mr. Driller'' series, for several platforms. It is in many Namco video game compilations for many systems.

Gameplay

''Dig Dug'' is a maze video game where the player controls protagonist Dig Dug (Taizo Hori) to eliminate each screen's enemies: Pookas, red creatures with comically large goggles; and Fygars, fire-breathing green dragons. Dig Dug can use an air pump to inflate them to bursting or crush them under large falling rocks. When the air pump is activated, Dig Dug will stop moving and throw the end of the air pump forwards, where it may catch onto an enemy. If an enemy is hit, they are frozen in place, and the player can repeatedly press the air pump's button to inflate them. If no action is taken for a while or the player moves, the air pump disconnects and the action is cancelled, but the enemy will begin to deflate and will be stunned until fully deflated. Rocks are unable to be dug through but will fall after a short period of time after the tile directly beneath them is removed by Dig Dug and he moves from the position, though he can still be crushed. Falling rocks are destroyed once they land on a tile. Bonus points are awarded for squashing multiple enemies with a single rock, and dropping any two rocks in a stage yields a bonus item, which can be eaten for points. Once all the enemies have been defeated, Dig Dug progresses to the next stage.

Enemies can move through tiles, where they are represented in the form of ghostly eyes, and are invulnerable, slowed, and unable to attack, and will then return to being solid once in an empty space, whether that space is their destination or is along the way. The enemies can either do this to reach Dig Dug when they would otherwise be unable to or to escape from the stage as the last enemy. As enemies are defeated, the enemies eventually become faster and more aggressive, until the last one then attempts to escape on either side of the screen at the top of the stage. To escape, enemies will move straight up through any tiles before walking towards the nearest screen edge on the surface.

The game has 255 stages. Later stages vary in dirt color, while increasing the number and speed of enemies. Lives are lost upon touching a foe, Fygar's fire or getting squished by a falling rock, but players are given extra lives during the game. At round 256, the game experiences an 8-bit integer overflow bug, and attempts to instead load round 0. Doing so causes level generation to misbehave, and the game spawns a Pooka inescapably on top of Dig Dug, draining the player of all their lives and ultimately ending the run. This kill screen is the ending of Dig Dug in most versions of the game, but a later Atari release patched this bug and instead allows infinite play.

Development

In 1981, ''Dig Dug'' was planned and designed by Masahisa Ikegami, with help from Shigeru Yokoyama, the creator of ''Galaga''. The game was programmed for the Namco Galaga arcade system board by Shigeichi Ishimura, a Namco hardware engineer, and the late Shouichi Fukatani, along with Toshio Sakai. Other staff members were primarily colleagues of Shigeru Yokoyama. Yuriko Keino composed the soundtrack, as her first video game project. Tasked with making ''Dig Dug''s movement sound, she could not make a realistic stepping sound, so she instead made a short melody. Hiroshi "Mr. Dotman" Ono, a Namco graphic artist, designed the sprites.

The team hoped to allow player-designed mazes which could prompt unique gameplay mechanics, contrasting with the pre-set maze exploration in ''Pac-Man'' (1980). Namco's marketing materials heavily call it a "strategic digging game".

Release

''Dig Dug'' was released in 1982, in Japan on February 20, in North America in April by Atari (as part of the licensing deal with Namco), and in Europe on April 19 by Namco.

The first home conversion of ''Dig Dug'' was released for the Atari 2600 in October 1983, developed and published by Atari, which was followed by versions for the Atari 5200 (October 1983), TI-99/4A (December 1983), Atari 8-bit computers, Commodore 64, IBM PC, and Apple II (December 1984). In Japan, it was ported to the PV-1000, Casio PV-1000 in 1983, the MSX in 1984, and the Famicom on June 4, 1985. Gakken produced a handheld LCD tabletop game in 1983, which replaced Dig Dug's air pump with a flamethrower to accommodate hardware limitations. Namco released a Game Boy conversion in North America only in September 1992, with an all-new game called "New Dig Dug" where the player must collect keys to open an exit door; this version was later included in the 1996 Japan-only compilation ''Namco Gallery Vol. 2'', which also includes ''Galaxian'', ''The Tower of Druaga'', and ''Famista 4''. A Japanese X68000 version was developed by Dempa and released on February 24, 1995, bundled with ''Dig Dug II''. The Famicom version was re-released in Japan for the Game Boy Advance in 2004 as part of the ''Famicom Mini'' series.

''Dig Dug'' is a mainstay in Namco video game compilations, including ''Namco Museum Vol. 3'' (1996), ''Namco History Vol. 3'' (1998), ''Namco Museum 64'' (1999), ''Namco Museum 50th Anniversary'' (2005), ''Namco Museum Remix'' (2007), '' Namco Museum Essentials'' (2009), and ''Namco Museum Switch'' (2017). The game was released online on Xbox Live Arcade in 2006, supporting online leaderboards and achievements. It is part of ''Namco Museum Virtual Arcade'', and was added to the Xbox One's backward compatibility lineup in 2016. A version for the Japanese Wii Virtual Console was released in 2009. ''Dig Dug'' is a bonus game in '' Pac-Man Party'', alongside the arcade versions of ''Pac-Man'' and ''Galaga''.

Reception

''Dig Dug'' was a critical and commercial success upon release, and was praised for its gameplay and layered strategy. In Japan, it was the second highest-grossing arcade game of 1982, behind Namco's own ''Pole Position''. In North America, Atari sold 22,228 ''Dig Dug'' arcade cabinets by the end of 1982, earning in cabinet sales. Around July 1983, it was one of the six top-grossing games. It was popular during the golden age of arcade video games. The 2004 Famicom Mini release had 58,572 copies sold, and the Xbox Live Arcade version had 222,240 copies by 2011.

American publication '' Blip Magazine'' favorably compared it to games such as ''Pac-Man'' for its simple controls and fun gameplay. ''AllGame'' called it "an arcade and NES classic", praising its characters, gameplay, and unique premise, and for its easy home platform conversion. In 1998, Japanese magazine ''Gamest'' called it one of the greatest arcade games of all time for its addictiveness and for breaking the traditional "dot-eater" gameplay used in games such as ''Pac-Man'' and ''Rally-X''. In a 2007 retrospective, ''Eurogamer'' praised its "perfect" gameplay and strategy, saying it is one of "the most memorable and legendary videogame releases of the past 30 years". The Killer List of Videogames rated it the sixth-most-popular coin-op game of all time.

''Electronic Fun with Computers & Games'' praised the Atari 8-bit version for retaining the arcade's entertaining gameplay and for its simple controls.

Some home versions were criticized for quality and lack of exclusive content. Readers of ''Softline'' magazine ranked ''Dig Dug'' the tenth-worst Apple II and fourth-worst Atari 8-bit video game of 1983 for its subpar quality and failure of consumer expectations.

Reviewing the Xbox Live Arcade digital re-release, ''IGN'' liked its presentation, leaderboards, and addictive gameplay, recommending it for old and new fans alike. A similar response was echoed by ''GameSpot'' for its colorful artwork and faithful arcade gameplay, and by ''Eurogamer'' for addictiveness and longevity. ''Eurogamer'', ''IGN'', and ''GameSpot'' all criticized its lack of online multiplayer and for achievements being too easy to unlock, with ''Eurogamer'' in particular criticizing the game's controls for sometimes being unresponsive.

Legacy

''Dig Dug'' prompted a fad of "digging games". Clones include the arcade game ''Zig Zag'' (1982), the Atari 8-bit computer game ''Anteater'' (1982) by Romox, Merlin's ''Pixie Pete'', Victory's ''Cave Kooks'' (1983) for the Commodore 64, and Saguaro's ''Pumpman'' (1984) for the TRS-80 Color Computer. The most successful is Universal Entertainment's arcade game ''Mr. Do!'' (1982), released about six months later and surpassing clone status. Sega's '' Borderline'' (1981), when it was ported to the Atari 2600 as ''Thunderground'' in 1983, was mistaken as a "semi-clone" of ''Dig Dug'' and ''Mr. Do!'' ''Boulder Dash'' (1984) also drew comparisons to ''Dig Dug''. Numerous mobile games are clones or variations of ''Dig Dug'', such as ''Diggerman'', ''Dig Deep'', ''Digby Forever'', ''Dig Out'', ''Puzzle to the Center of Earth'', ''Mine Blitz'', ''I Dig It'', ''Doug Dug'', ''Minesweeper'', ''Dig a Way'', and ''Dig Dog''.

Sequels

''Dig Dug'' prompted a long series of sequels for several platforms. The first of these, ''Dig Dug II'', was released in Japan in 1985 to less success, opting for an overhead perspective; instead of digging through earth, Dig Dug drills along fault lines to sink pieces of an island into the ocean. A second sequel, '' Dig Dug Arrangement'', was released for arcades in 1996 as part of the '' Namco Classic Collection Vol. 2'' arcade collection, with new enemies, music, power-ups, boss fights, and two-player co-operative play.

A 3D remake of the original, '' Dig Dug Deeper'', was published by Infogrames in 2001 for Windows. A Nintendo DS sequel, '' Dig Dug: Digging Strike'', was released in 2005, combining elements from the first two games and adding a narrative link to the ''Mr. Driller'' series. A massively-multiplayer online game, '' Dig Dug Island'', was released in 2008, and was an online version of ''Dig Dug II''; servers lasted for less than a year, discontinued on April 21, 2009.

Related media

Two ''Dig Dug''-themed slot machines were produced by Japanese company Oizumi in 2003, both with small LCD monitors for animated characters. A webcomic adaptation was produced in 2012 by ShiftyLook, a subsidiary of Bandai Namco focused on reviving older Namco franchises, with nearly 200 issues by several different artists, concluding in 2014 following the closure of ShiftyLook. Dig Dug is a main character in the ShiftyLook webseries '' Mappy: The Beat''. A remix of the ''Dig Dug'' soundtrack appears in the PlayStation 2 game '' Technic Beat''. An interactive animated short based on ''Dig Dug'' was produced in 2025 by Gamisodes in association with Bandai Namco, which is planned to stream through June 17, 2025 to June 30, 2025 on the Gameisodes platform.

The character Dig Dug was renamed to Taizo Hori, a play on the Japanese phrase "horitai zo", meaning "I want to dig". He became a prominent character in Namco's own '' Mr. Driller'' series, where he is revealed to be the father of Susumu Hori and being married to ''Baraduke'' protagonist Masuyo Tobi, who would divorce for unknown reasons. Taizo appears as a playable character in '' Namco Super Wars'' for the WonderSwan Color and ''Namco × Capcom'' for the PlayStation 2, only in Japan. Taizo appears in the now-defunct web browser game ''Namco High'' as the principal of the high school, simply known as "President Dig Dug". Pookas appear in several Namco games, including ''Sky Kid'' (1985), '' R4: Ridge Racer Type 4'' (1998), ''Pac-Man World'' (1999), ''Pro Baseball: Famista DS 2011'' (2011), and in Nintendo's ''Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS'' and ''Wii U'' (2014). ''Dig Dug'' characters briefly appear in the film ''Wreck-It Ralph'' (2012).

Notes

References

External links

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1982 video games
Arcade video games
Apple II games
Atari arcade games
Atari 2600 games
Atari 5200 games
Atari 7800 games
Atari 8-bit computer games
Bandai Namco Entertainment franchises
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IOS games
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X68000 games
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Maze games
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