The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse

taxonomic 280px, Generalized scheme of taxonomy Taxonomy is a practice and science concerned with classification or categorization. Typically, there are two parts to it: the development of an underlying scheme of classes (a taxonomy) and the allocation ...

family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). It forms the basis for social order. Ideally, families offer predictabili ...

of large

sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classification, taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguishe ...

s, often known as

whelk Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atlantic. Most whelks belong to the family Buccinidae and are known as "true whelks." Othe ...

s or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). Buccinidae. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=149 on 2010-12-30 The family includes more than 1500 species.

Taxonomy

The family

Busyconidae The Busyconidae are taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelk Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atlanti ...

was for a time treated as a subfamily of Buccinidae called

Busyconinae The Busyconinae are taxonomic subfamily of large sea snails, often known as whelk Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a swirling, tapered shell. Many are eaten by humans, such as the common whelk of the North Atla ...

. Genera '' Antillophos'', ''

Engoniophos ''Engoniophos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily of the family Nassariidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Engoniophos Woodring, 1928. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.m ...

'', ''

Phos ''Phos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Nassariidae.Bouchet, P. (2015). Phos Montfort, 1810. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php ...

'', ''

Nassaria ''Nassaria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the subfamily Tomliniinae of the family (biology), family Nassariidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Nassaria Link, 1807. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Spec ...

'', ''

Tomlinia ''Tomlinia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Tomliniinae of the family Nassariidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2022). MolluscaBase. Tomlinia Peile, 1937. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https:// ...

'', ''

Anentome ''Anentome'' is a genus of freshwater snails with Operculum (gastropod), opercula, Aquatic animal, aquatic gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Anentominae of the family Nassariidae, a family, almost all of the rest of which are Marine (ocean), ma ...

'' and '' ''Clea'''' were treated within family Buccinidae, but they were moved to

Nassariidae The Nassariidae, Nassa mud snails (US), or dog whelks (UK) are a taxonomic family of small to medium-sized snails, mostly marine gastropod mollusks in the clade Neogastropoda. These snails have rounded shells with a high spire, an oval ap ...

in 2016.

Habitat

The true whelks occur worldwide in all seas from tropical oceans to the cold seas of the

Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five oceanic divisions. It spans an area of approximately and is the coldest of the world's oceans. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes it as an ocean, ...

and the

Southern Ocean The Southern Ocean, also known as the Antarctic Ocean, comprises the southernmost waters of the world ocean, generally taken to be south of 60th parallel south, 60° S latitude and encircling Antarctica. With a size of , it is the seco ...

. They are found from the

intertidal The intertidal zone or foreshore is the area above water level at low tide and underwater at high tide; in other words, it is the part of the littoral zone within the tidal range. This area can include several types of habitats with various sp ...

to the

bathypelagic zone The bathypelagic zone or bathyal zone (from Greek βαθύς (bathýs), deep) is the part of the open ocean that extends from a depth of below the ocean surface. It lies between the mesopelagic above and the abyssopelagic below. The bathypela ...

s. Most prefer a solid bottom, but some inhabit sandy substrates.

Description

The shells of species in this family are moderate to large in size, conical to fusiform in shape. The shell often has deep sutures. The shell surface is generally smooth, sometimes with a spiral and/ or axial sculpture. The thickness of the shell is more pronounced in tropical shallow-water species, while the shell of species living in moderate and colder waters is generally thin or moderately thin. The top of the

whorls A whorl ( or ) is an individual circle, oval, volution or equivalent in a whorled pattern, which consists of a spiral or multiple concentric objects (including circles, ovals and arcs). In nature File:Photograph and axial plane floral diagram ...

are more or less shouldered. The radial ribs of the shell sometimes show shoulder knobs. The

aperture In optics, the aperture of an optical system (including a system consisting of a single lens) is the hole or opening that primarily limits light propagated through the system. More specifically, the entrance pupil as the front side image o ...

is large with a well-defined

siphonal canal The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water i ...

. The rim of the aperture is sometimes used to pry open the shell of

bivalves Bivalvia () or bivalves, in previous centuries referred to as the Lamellibranchiata and Pelecypoda, is a class of aquatic molluscs (marine and freshwater) that have laterally compressed soft bodies enclosed by a calcified exoskeleton consis ...

. The aperture is closed by a horny operculum. The soft body is elongated and spiral. The head has two conical, depressed tentacles which bear the eyes on a lobe or prominence at their base. The mouth contains a long, cylindrical, annulated proboscis and a small tongue. The mantle forms a thin-edged flap over the branchial cavity. On the left side, it has an elongated, open canal, that emerges by a notch or groove in the shell. The two gills are elongated, unequal and pectinate (i.e. in a comb-like arrangement). The large foot is generally broad. Macgillivray, William, History of the molluscous animals of Scotland, London, 1844
/ref> True whelks are

carnivore A carnivore , or meat-eater (Latin, ''caro'', genitive ''carnis'', meaning meat or "flesh" and ''vorare'' meaning "to devour"), is an animal or plant Plants are the eukaryotes that form the Kingdom (biology), kingdom Plantae; they ar ...

s and

scavenger Scavengers are animals that consume Corpse decomposition, dead organisms that have died from causes other than predation or have been killed by other predators. While scavenging generally refers to carnivores feeding on carrion, it is also a he ...

s. They feed on

clam Clam is a common name for several kinds of bivalve mollusc. The word is often applied only to those that are deemed edible and live as infauna, spending most of their lives halfway buried in the sand of the sea floor or riverbeds. Clams h ...

carrion Carrion (), also known as a carcass, is the decaying flesh of dead animals. Overview Carrion is an important food source for large carnivores and omnivores in most ecosystems. Examples of carrion-eaters (or scavengers) include crows, vultures ...

, and sometimes even on

detritus In biology, detritus ( or ) is organic matter made up of the decomposition, decomposing remains of organisms and plants, and also of feces. Detritus usually hosts communities of microorganisms that colonize and decomposition, decompose (Reminera ...

. Their sense of smell is very well-developed; they can sense chemical signals from their prey from a considerable distance with their

osphradia The osphradium is a pigmented chemosensory epithelium patch in the mantle cavity present in six of the eight extant classes of molluscs (it is absent in the Scaphopoda and Monoplacophora; most Cephalopoda also lack it, but the nautilus has what ap ...

. Many whelks are capable of boring through the shell of bivalves, and because of this, some species cause much harm in

oyster Oyster is the common name for a number of different families of salt-water bivalve molluscs that live in marine or brackish habitats. In some species, the valves are highly calcified, and many are somewhat irregular in shape. Many, but no ...

farms. True whelks can even attack fish caught in a net by extending their

probosces A proboscis () is an elongated appendage from the head of an animal, either a vertebrate or an invertebrate. In invertebrates, the term usually refers to tubular mouthparts used for feeding and sucking. In vertebrates, a proboscis is an elongat ...

to twice the length of their own bodies. The female whelk lays spongy egg capsules with hundreds of eggs. These form round clusters or a tower-shaped masses. Only about 10% of these eggs hatch. The larvae then feed on the rest of the eggs that have not yet hatched. The flesh of the common northern whelk, ''

Buccinum undatum ''Buccinum undatum'', the common whelk or the waved buccinum, is a large, edible Marine (ocean), marine gastropod in the family (biology), family Buccinidae, the "true whelks".Fraussen, K.; Gofas, S. (2014). Buccinum undatum Linnaeus, 1758. Acces ...

'', is much appreciated by connoisseurs as a food item, but its consumption is currently somewhat in decline. The empty shell of a whelk is often used by the hermit crab to make its home.

Taxonomy

According to the taxonomy of the Gastropoda by Bouchet & Rocroi (2005), the family Buccinidae consists of six subfamilies: Subfamily Buccininae Rafinesque, 1815 * tribe Ancistrolepidini Habe & Sato, 1973 * tribe Buccinini Rafinesque, 1815 * tribe Buccinulini Finlay, 1928 * tribe Colini Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Neptuneinae Stimpson, 1865; Chrysodominae Dall, 1870; Pyramimitridae Cossmann, 1901; Truncariinae Cossmann, 1901; Metajapelioninae Gorychaev, 1987 * tribe Cominellini Gray, 1857: in 2021 upgraded to family level

Cominellidae The Cominellidae are taxonomic family of large sea snails in the superfamily Buccinoidea.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Cominellidae Gray, 1857. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.ph ...

* tribe Liomesini P. Fischer, 1884 - synonym: Buccinopsidae G. O. Sars, 1878 (inv.) * tribe Parancistrolepidini Habe, 1972 - synonym: Brevisiphoniinae Lus, 1973 * tribe Prosiphonini Powell, 1951 * tribe Volutopsiini Habe & Sato, 1973 Subfamily Beringiinae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1975 Subfamily

* Wade, 1917 (1867) : presently, Busyconinae is treated as a synonym of the

. Subfamily Donovaniinae Casey, 1904 - synonym: Lachesinae L. Bellardi, 1877 (inv.) Subfamily Neptuneinae W. Stimpson, 1865 Subfamily Siphonaliinae Finlay, 1928 - synonym: Austrosiphonidae Cotton & Godfrey, 1938 The subfamily Pisaniinae has been raised to the status of family

Pisaniidae The Pisaniidae are a taxonomic family of medium-sized sea snail Sea snails are slow-moving marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusca, molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the Taxonomic classifi ...

in 2009 by Galindo, L. A.; Puillandre, N.; Utge, J.; Lozouet, P.; Bouchet, P.

Genera

Genera within the family Buccinidae include: subfamily Buccininae tribe Ancistrolepidini * '' Ancistrolepis'' Dall, 1895 tribe Buccinini * ''

Buccinum ''Buccinum'' is a genus of medium-sized sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.Gofas, S.; Bouchet, P. (2014). Buccinum Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.mar ...

Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus (23 May 1707 – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné,#Blunt, Blunt (2004), p. 171. was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming o ...

1758 Events January–March * January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the starting point of modern zoologic ...

* '' Suessionia'' Cossmann, 1889 † tribe Buccinulini * ''

Buccinulum ''Buccinulum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the whelk family Tudiclidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Buccinulum Deshayes, 1830. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinespecies. ...

Deshayes Deshayes is a surname of French origin. * André-Jean-Jacques Deshayes (1777–1846), French ballet dancer and choreographer * Arnouph Deshayes de Cambronne (1768–1846), French governor * Catherine Deshayes, widow Monvoisin, known as "La Voisin ...

, 1830 tribe Colini * ''

Truncaria ''Truncaria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), family Buccinidae, the true whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2023). MolluscaBase. Truncaria A. Adams & Reeve, 1850. Accessed through: World Regis ...

'' Adams & Reeve, 1850 tribe Liomesini * '' Liomesus'' Stimpson, 1865 tribe Parancistrolepidini * '' Parancistrolepis'' Azuma, 1965 tribe Prosiphonini * '' Prosipho'' Thiele, 1912 tribe Volutopsiini * ''

Volutopsius ''Volutopsius'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species Species within the genus ''Volutopsius'' include: * ''Volutopsius castaneus'' * ''Volutopsius deformis'' ...

'' Mörch, 1857 Subfamily Beringiinae * '' Beringius'' Dall, 1887 subfamily Donovaniinae Subfamily Neptuneinae W. Stimpson, 1865 * '' Aulacofusus'' Dall, 1918 * ''

Neptunea ''Neptunea'' is a genus of large sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Neptuneinae of the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2010). ''Neptunea'' Röding, 1798. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. ...

'' Röding, 1798 subfamily Siphonaliinae * '' Siphonalia''

A. Adams Arthur Adams (1820 in Gosport, Hampshire – 1878) was an England, English physician and natural history, naturalist. Adams was assistant surgeon Royal Navy on board HMS Samarang (1822), HMS ''Samarang'' during the survey of the islands of ...

, 1863 subfamily ? * ''

Aeneator An ''aeneator'' ( or ) was a specialized player of wind instruments who was attached to a Roman military unit. The word comes from Latin ''aēneus'' or ''ahēneus'', "brazen", from ''aes'', "copper alloy". While the size of individual Roman milit ...

Finlay Finlay is a masculine given name, and also a surname. The given name is represented in Scottish Gaelic as Fionnlagh. Given name Finlay *Finlay Calder, Scottish rugby player * Finlay Christie (comedian), British comedian * Finlay Christie, Scottis ...

, 1927 * '' Afer'' Conrad, 1858 * '' Anomacme'' Strebel, 1905 * '' Anomalosipho'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * '' Antarctodomus''

, 1863 * ''

Antarctoneptunea ''Antarctoneptunea'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the whelk family Austrosiphonidae. Distribution ''Antarctoneptunea'' marine snails occur in deep water surrounding New Zealand and in Southern Ocean encircling Antarcti ...

'' Dell, 1972 * '' Antistreptus'' Dall, 1902 * '' Argeneuthria'' Pastorino, 2016 * '' Atractodon'' Charlesworth, 1837 * '' Austrofusus'' Kobelt, 1879 * ''

Bartschia ''Bartschia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Family (from ) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relat ...

'' Rehder, 1943 * '' Bathyancistrolepis'' Habe & Ito, 1968 * '' Bathybuccinum'' Golikov & Sirenko, 1989 * '' Bathydomus'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Bayerius'' Olsson, 1971 * '' Beringion'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * † '' Boreokelletia'' Anderson, 1964 * '' Calliloncha'' Lus, 1978 * '' Cavineptunea'' Powell, 1951 * '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * '' Chlanidota'' Martens, 1878 * '' Chlanidotella'' Thiele 1929 * '' Chlanificula'' Powell, 1958 * ''

Clea Clea is a female given name. Clea may refer to: People with the given name * Clea DuVall (born 1977), actress * Clea Hoyte (born 1981), West Indies cricketer * Clea Koff (born 1972), British-born American forensic anthropologist and author * ...

, 1855 * '' Clinopegma'' Grant & Gale, 1931 * '' Corneobuccinum'' Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 * '' Costaria'' Golikov, 1977 * '' Crenatosipho'' Linse, 2002 * '' Drepanodontus'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Egotistica'' Marwick, 1934 * '' Euthrenopsis'' Powell, 1929 * ''

Euthria ''Euthria'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the whelk family Tudiclidae. Species Species within the genus ''Euthria'' include: * '' Euthria abrotona'' Fraussen & Rolán, 2003 * '' Euthria adeles'' Dautzenberg & Fisher, ...

'' M. E Gray, 1850 * '' Euthriostoma'' Marche-Marchard & Brebion, 1977 * '' Falsimohnia'' Powell, 1951 * '' Fusinella'' Thiele, 1917 * '' Germonea'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * † '' Golikovia'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Habevolutopsius'' Kantor, 1983 * '' Harpofusus'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * '' Helicofusus'' Dall, 1916 * '' Hindsia''

, 1855 * '' Japelion'' Dall, 1916 * '' Japeuthria'' Iredale, 1918 * ''

Kelletia ''Kelletia'' is a genus of large sea snails, whelks, a marine gastropod molluscs in the whelk family Austrosiphonidae.Bouchet, P.; Fraussen, K. (2015). Kelletia Bayle in P. Fischer, 1884. In: MolluscaBase (2015). Accessed through: World Registe ...

'' Fischer, 1884 * '' Latisipho'' Dall, 1916 * '' Limatofusus'' Vaught, 1989 * '' Lirabuccinum'' Vermeij, 1991 * '' Lussivolutopsius'' Kantor, 1983 * ''

Metaphos ''Metaphos'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Nassariidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2020). MolluscaBase. Metaphos Olsson, 1964. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: http://www.marinesp ...

'' Olsson, 1964 * '' Meteuthria'' Thiele, 1912 * ''

Mohnia ''Mohnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the subfamily Siphonaliinae of the family (biology), family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species Species within the genus ''Mohnia'' include: * ''Mohnia abyssorum'' (Fischer P., ...

'' Friele in Kobelt, 1879 * '' Muffinbuccinum'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Neancistrolepis'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Neoberingius'' Habe & Ito, 1965 * '' Neobuccinum'' Smith, 1877 * '' Neoteron'' Pilsbry & Lowe, 1932 * '' Northia'' Gray, 1847 * '' Ornatoconcha'' Lus, 1987 * '' Ovulatibuccinum'' Golikov & Sirenko, 1989 * ''

Parabuccinum ''Parabuccinum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinulidae The Tudiclidae are Taxonomy (biology), taxonomic subfamily (biology), family in the superfamily Buccinoidea of large sea snails, often known as ...

'' Harasewych, Kantor & Linse, 2000 * '' Paracalliloncha'' Lus, 1987 * '' Paranotoficula'' Kantor & Harasewych, 2008 * '' Pararetifusus'' Kosuge, 1967 * '' Parviphos'' Sarasua, 1984 * ''

Penion ''Penion'' is a genus of large marine (ocean), marine snails, commonly known as siphon whelks, classified within the mollusc family (biology), family Austrosiphonidae.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Penion P. Fischer, 1884. Accessed throu ...

'' Fischer, 1884 * '' Phaenomenella'' Fraussen, 2006 * '' Plicibuccinum'' Golikov & Gulbin, 1977 * '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * '' Probuccinum'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Proneptunea'' Thiele, 1912 * '' Pseudoliomesus'' Habe & Sato, 1972 * '' Pyrolofusus'' Friele, 1882 * '' Reticubuccinum'' Ito & Habe, 1980 * '' Savatieria'' Rochebrune & Mabille, 1885 * '' Searlesia'' Harmer, 1914 * ''

Serratifusus ''Serratifusus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the whelk family Austrosiphonidae The Austrosiphonidae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks.MolluscaBase eds. (2021). MolluscaBase. Austrosiph ...

'' Darragh, 1969 * ''

Siphonofusus ''Siphonofusus'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Tudiclidae. Species Species within the genus ''Siphonofusus'' include: * ''Siphonofusus chinensis'' (MacNeil, 1960) * '' Siphonofusus vicdani'' Kosuge, 1992 ;Spe ...

'' Kuroda & Habe, 1952 * ''

Spikebuccinum ''Spikebuccinum'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae The Buccinidae are a very large and diverse taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelks or true whelks.Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (20 ...

'' Harasewych & Kantor, 2004 * '' Strebela'' Kantor & Harasewych, 2013 * '' Tacita'' Lus, 1971 * '' Tasmeuthria'' Iredale, 1925 * '' Thalassoplanes'' Dall, 1908 * '' Trajana'' Gardner, 1948 * '' Troschelia'' Mörch, 1876 * '' Volutharpa'' Fischer, 1856 * † '' Zelandiella'' Finlay, 1926 ;Genera brought into synonymy: * ''Acamptochetus'' Cossmann, 1901: synonym of''

Metula Metula () is a town in the Northern District of Israel. It abuts the Israel-Lebanon border, and had a population of in . History Bronze and Iron Age Metula is located near the sites of the biblical cities of Dan, Abel Beth Maacah, and Ijon ...

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Adansonia'' Pallary, 1902: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Agassitula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of ''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Anomalosipho'': synonym of ''

Anomalisipho ''Anomalisipho'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks. Species According to the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), the following species with valid names are included within the g ...

'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * ''Antemetula'' Rehder, 1943: synonym of ''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''

Antimitra ''Metula '' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod molluscs in the family (biology), family Colubrariidae.Bouchet, P. (2010). Metula H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mol ...

'' Iredale, 1917: synonym of''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Barbitonia'' Dall, 1916: synonym of ''Neptunea (Barbitonia)'' Dall, 1916 represented as ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Bathyclionella'' Kobelt, 1905: synonym of ''

Belomitra ''Belomitra'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Belomitridae The Belomitridae are a taxonomic family of large sea snails, often known as whelk Whelks are any of several carnivorous sea snail species with a ...

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Boreofusus'' G.O. Sars, 1878: synonym of '' Troschelia'' Mörch, 1876 * ''Brevisiphonia'' Lus, 1973: synonym of '' Thalassoplanes'' Dall, 1908 * ''Buccinopsis'' Jeffreys, 1867: synonym of '' Liomesus'' Stimpson, 1865 * ''Chauvetiella'' F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Chrysodomus'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Colicryptus'' Iredale, 1918: synonym of '' Turrisipho'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912 * ''Colubrarina'' Kuroda & Habe in Kuroda, Habe & Oyama, 1971: synonym of ''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Cryptomitra'' Dall, 1924: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Dellina'' Beu, 1970: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Donovania'' Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1883: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Donovaniella'' F. Nordsieck, 1968: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Echinosipho'' Kaiser, 1977: synonym of ''

Americominella ''Americominella'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod Mollusc, mollusks in the family (biology), family Eosiphonidae. Species Species within the genus ''Afrocominella'' include: * ''Americominella duartei'' Klappenbach & ...

'' Klappenbach & Ureta, 1972 * ''Floritula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of ''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Folineaea'' Monterosato, 1884: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Fulgur'' Montfort, 1810: synonym of ''

Busycon ''Busycon'' is a genus of very large edible sea snails in the subfamily Busyconinae. These snails are commonly known in the United States as ''whelks'' or ''Busycon whelks''. Less commonly they are loosely, and somewhat misleadingly, called "conc ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Jumala'' Friele, 1882: synonym of '' Beringius'' Dall, 1887 * ''Kapala'' Ponder, 1982: synonym of '' Buccipagoda'' Ponder, 2010 * ''Lachesis'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Mada'' Jeffreys, 1867: synonym of ''

* ''Madiella'' Wenz, 1943: synonym of ''

* ''Mala'' Cossmann, 1901: synonym of ''

* ''Minitula'' Olsson & Bayer, 1972: synonym of ''

'' H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 * ''Morrisonella'' Bartsch, 1945: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Neptunia'' Locard, 1886: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Nesaea'' Risso, 1826: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Parasipho'' Dautzenberg & H. Fischer, 1912: synonym of '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * ''Pleurobela'' Monterosato in Locard, 1897: synonym of ''

'' P. Fischer, 1883 * ''Quasisipho'' Petrov, 1982: synonym of '' Plicifusus'' Dall, 1902 * ''Sipho'' Mörch, 1852: synonym of ''

Colus ''Colus'' (lat. ''colus'', distaff) is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Colidae, the true whelks and the like. Evolution ''Colus'' is related to the New Zealand genus ''Austrofusus''. Taxonomy The name ''Colus'' i ...

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Siphonorbis'' Mörch, 1869: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798 * ''Strombella'' Gray, 1857: synonym of ''

'' Mörch, 1857 * ''Syntagma'' Iredale, 1918: synonym of '' Chauvetia'' Monterosato, 1884 * ''Tritonidea'' Swainson, 1840: synonym of '' Cantharus'' Röding, 1798 * '' Tritonium'' O.F. Müller, 1776: synonym of ''

* ''Tritonofusus'' Beck, 1847: synonym of ''

'' Röding, 1798

References

External links

Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642
{{Authority control Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque

Taxonomy

Habitat

Description

Taxonomy

Genera

References

Further reading

External links