In the

Swedish calendar The Swedish calendar () or Swedish style () was a calendar in use in Sweden and its possessions from 1 March 1700 until 30 February 1712. It was one day ahead of the Julian calendar and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar. Easter was calculat ...

it was a

common year starting on Sunday A common year starting on Sunday is any non-leap year (i.e. a year with 365 days) that begins on Sunday, January 1, 1 January, and ends on Sunday, December 31, 31 December. Its dominical letter hence is A. The most recent year of such kind was 2023 ...

, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–March

January January is the first month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. Its length is 31 days. The first day of the month is known as New Year's Day. It is, on average, the coldest month of the year within most of the No ...

–

Cary's Rebellion Cary's Rebellion (also known as the Cary Rebellion) was an uprising against the Deputy Governor of North-Carolina in 1711 led by Thomas Cary, who refused to give up his governorship to Edward Hyde. The rebellion was a part of a long-standing t ...

: The

Lords Proprietor A lord proprietor is a person granted a royal charter for the establishment and government of an English colony in the 17th century. The plural of the term is "lords proprietors" or "lords proprietary". Origin In the beginning of the Europe ...

appoint Edward Hyde to replace Thomas Cary, as the

governor A governor is an politician, administrative leader and head of a polity or Region#Political regions, political region, in some cases, such as governor-general, governors-general, as the head of a state's official representative. Depending on the ...

of the

North Carolina North Carolina ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered by Virginia to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the east, South Carolina to the south, Georgia (U.S. stat ...

portion of the

Province of Carolina The Province of Carolina was a colony of the Kingdom of England (1663–1707) and later the Kingdom of Great Britain (1707–1712) that existed in North America and the Caribbean from 1663 until the Carolinas were partitioned into North and Sou ...

. Hyde's policies are deemed hostile to

Quaker Quakers are people who belong to the Religious Society of Friends, a historically Protestant Christian set of denominations. Members refer to each other as Friends after in the Bible, and originally, others referred to them as Quakers ...

interests, leading former governor Cary and his Quaker allies to take up arms against the province. *

January 24 Events Pre-1600 * 41 – Claudius is proclaimed Roman emperor by the Praetorian Guard after they assassinate the previous emperor, his nephew Caligula. * 914 – Start of the First Fatimid invasion of Egypt. * 1438 – The Co ...

– The first performance of

Francesco Gasparini Francesco Gasparini (19 March 1661 – 22 March 1727) was an Italian Baroque composer and teacher whose works were performed throughout Italy, and also on occasion in Germany and England. Biography Born in Camaiore, near Lucca, he studied ...

's most famous opera ''

Tamerlano ''Tamerlano'' (Tamerlane, HWV 18) is an opera seria in three acts by George Frideric Handel. The Italian libretto was by Nicola Francesco Haym, adapted from Agostino Piovene's ''Tamerlano'' together with another libretto entitled ''Bajazet'' a ...

'' takes place at the

Teatro San Cassiano The Teatro San Cassiano (or Teatro di San Cassiano and other variants) was the world's first public opera house, inaugurated as such in 1637 in Venice. The first mention of its construction dates back to 1581. The name with which it is best known co ...

Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...

. *

February February is the second month of the year in the Julian calendar, Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the February 29, 29th day being called the ''leap day''. February is the third a ...

– French settlers at ''

Fort Louis de la Mobile Mobile ( , ) is a city and the county seat of Mobile County, Alabama, United States. The population was 187,041 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. After a successful vote to annex areas west of the city limits in July 2023, Mobil ...

'' celebrate

Mardi Gras in Mobile Mardi Gras is the annual Carnival celebration in Mobile, Alabama. It is the oldest official Carnival celebration in the United States, started by Frenchman Nicholas Langlois in 1703 when Mobile was the capital of Louisiana. Although today Mardi ...

(

Alabama Alabama ( ) is a U.S. state, state in the Southeastern United States, Southeastern and Deep South, Deep Southern regions of the United States. It borders Tennessee to the north, Georgia (U.S. state), Georgia to the east, Florida and the Gu ...

), by parading a large papier-mache ox head on a cart (the first Mardi Gras parade in America). *

February 3 Events Pre-1600 * 1047 – Drogo of Hauteville is elected as count of the Apulian Normans during the Norman conquest of Southern Italy. * 1112 – Ramon Berenguer III, Count of Barcelona, and Douce I, Countess of Provence, marry, u ...

– A total

lunar eclipse A lunar eclipse is an astronomical event that occurs when the Moon moves into the Earth's shadow, causing the Moon to be darkened. Such an alignment occurs during an eclipse season, approximately every six months, during the full moon phase, ...

occurs, at 12:31 UT. *

February 24 Events Pre-1600 * 484 – King Huneric of the Vandals replaces Nicene bishops with Arian ones, and banishes some to Corsica. * 1303 – The English are defeated at the Battle of Roslin, in the First War of Scottish Independence. ...

** Thomas Cary, after declaring himself Governor of North Carolina, sails an armed

brigantine A brigantine is a two-masted sailing vessel with a fully square-rigged foremast and at least two sails on the main mast: a square topsail and a gaff sail mainsail (behind the mast). The main mast is the second and taller of the two masts. Ol ...

up the

Chowan River The Chowan River (cho-WAHHN)
, from the North Carolina Collection's website at the

Thomas Pollock Thomas Pollock may refer to: * Thomas Pollock (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey player * Thomas Pollock (governor), Scottish planter, lawyer and acting governor of North Carolina * Tom Pollock (Thomas Philip Pollock), American film producer and st ...

's plantation. The attack fails, and Cary's forces retreat. ** ''

Rinaldo Rinaldo may refer to: *Renaud de Montauban (also spelled Renaut, Renault, Italian: Rinaldo di Montalbano, Dutch: Reinout van Montalbaen, German: Reinhold von Montalban), a legendary knight in the medieval Matter of France * Rinaldo (''Jerusalem Lib ...

'' by

George Frideric Handel George Frideric (or Frederick) Handel ( ; baptised , ; 23 February 1685 – 14 April 1759) was a German-British Baroque composer well-known for his operas, oratorios, anthems, concerti grossi, and organ concerti. Born in Halle, Germany, H ...

, the first Italian

opera Opera is a form of History of theatre#European theatre, Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by Singing, singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically ...

written for the

London London is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in the United Kingdom, largest city of both England and the United Kingdom, with a population of in . London metropolitan area, Its wider metropolitan area is the largest in Wester ...

stage, premieres at the Queen's Theatre, Haymarket. *

March 1 Events Pre-1600 * 509 BC – Publius Valerius Publicola celebrates the first triumph of the Roman Republic after his victory over the deposed king Lucius Tarquinius Superbus at the Battle of Silva Arsia. * 293 – Emperor Diocleti ...

– ''

The Spectator ''The Spectator'' is a weekly British political and cultural news magazine. It was first published in July 1828, making it the oldest surviving magazine in the world. ''The Spectator'' is politically conservative, and its principal subject a ...

'' is founded by

Joseph Addison Joseph Addison (1 May 1672 – 17 May 1719) was an English essayist, poet, playwright, and politician. He was the eldest son of Lancelot Addison. His name is usually remembered alongside that of his long-standing friend Richard Steele, with w ...

and

Richard Steele Sir Richard Steele ( – 1 September 1729) was an Anglo-Irish writer, playwright and politician best known as the co-founder of the magazine ''The Spectator (1711), The Spectator'' alongside his close friend Joseph Addison. Early life Steel ...

in London.

April–June

April 3 Events Pre-1600 * 686 – Maya king Yuknoom Yich'aak K'ahk' assumes the crown of Calakmul. * 1043 – Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England. * 1077 – The Patriarchate of Friûl, the first Friulian state, is created. ...

–

Clipperton Island Clipperton Island ( ; ), also known as Clipperton Atoll and previously as Clipperton's Rock, is an uninhabited French coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean. The only French territory in the North Pacific, Clipperton is from Paris, France ...

is rediscovered by Frenchmen Martin de Chassiron and Michel Du Bocage, who draws up the first map and claims the island for France. The island had been discovered by Alvaro Saavedra Cedrón in 1528. *

April 5 Events Pre-1600 * 823 – Lothair I is crowned King of Italy by Pope Paschal I. * 919 – The Fatimid invasion of Egypt (919–921), second Fatimid invasion of Medieval Egypt, Egypt begins, when the Fatimid heir-apparent, Al-Qa'im (Fa ...

(Easter Sunday) – The central tower of

Elgin Cathedral Elgin Cathedral, a historic ruin in Elgin, Moray, northeast Scotland, was dedicated to the Holy Trinity. It was established in 1224 on land granted by King Alexander II of Scotland, Alexander II and stood outside the burgh of Elgin, close to ...

in northeast Scotland collapses. *

April 13 Events Pre-1600 * 1111 – Henry V, King of Germany, is crowned Holy Roman Emperor. * 1204 – Constantinople falls to the Crusaders of the Fourth Crusade, temporarily ending the Byzantine Empire. * 1455 – Thirteen Years' War: ...

– The Treaty of the Lutsk, a secret agreement between the

Tsardom of Russia The Tsardom of Russia, also known as the Tsardom of Moscow, was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan the Terrible, Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721. ...

and the Ottoman Protectorate of Moldavia is signed in

Lutsk Lutsk (, ; see #Names and etymology, below for other names) is a city on the Styr River in northwestern Ukraine. It is the administrative center of Volyn Oblast and the administrative center of Lutsk Raion within the oblast. Lutsk has a populati ...

, Poland-Lithuania (modern-day Ukraine). *

April 17 Events Pre-1600 * 1080 – Harald III of Denmark dies and is succeeded by Canute IV, who would later be the first Dane to be canonized. * 1349 – The rule of the Bavand dynasty in Mazandaran is brought to an end by the murder of H ...

–

Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor Joseph I (Joseph Jacob Ignaz Johann Anton Eustachius; 26 July 1678 – 17 April 1711) was Holy Roman Emperor and ruler of the Habsburg monarchy from 1705 until his death in 1711. He was the eldest son of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor from his thir ...

dies, opening the way for the succession of his brother Charles VI. This complicates the ongoing

War of the Spanish Succession The War of the Spanish Succession was a European great power conflict fought between 1701 and 1714. The immediate cause was the death of the childless Charles II of Spain in November 1700, which led to a struggle for control of the Spanish E ...

as Charles is one of the two candidates for the Spanish throne, backed by the Grand Alliance. *

April 29 Events Pre-1600 * 801 – An earthquake in the Central Apennines hits Rome and Spoleto, damaging the basilica of San Paolo Fuori le Mura. * 1091 – Battle of Levounion: The Pechenegs are defeated by Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Kom ...

– A

rabid Rabies is a viral disease that causes encephalitis in humans and other mammals. It was historically referred to as hydrophobia ("fear of water") because its victims panic when offered liquids to drink. Early symptoms can include fever and abn ...

wolf fatally injures two shepherds in

Roncà Roncà is a ''comune'' (township) in the Province of Verona in the Italy, Italian region Veneto, located about west of Venice and about east of Verona. As of 1 June 2007, it had a population of 3,585 and an area of .All demographics and other st ...

, North Italy; it also attacks livestock. * May –

Alexander Pope Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S. – 30 May 1744) was an English poet, translator, and satirist of the Age of Enlightenment, Enlightenment era who is considered one of the most prominent English poets of the early ...

publishes the poem ''

An Essay on Criticism ''An Essay on Criticism'' is one of the first major poems written by the English writer Alexander Pope (1688–1744), published in 1711. It is the source of the famous quotations " To err is human; to forgive, divine", "A little learning is a d ...

'' in London. *

May 25 Events Pre-1600 * 567 BC – Servius Tullius, the king of Rome, celebrates a triumph for his victory over the Etruscans. * 240 BC – First recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. * 1085 – Alfonso VI of Castile takes ...

– In Denmark,

Helsingør Helsingør ( , ; ), classically known in English as Elsinore ( ), is a coastal city in northeastern Denmark. Helsingør Municipality had a population of 63,953 on 1 January 2025, making it the 23rd most populated municipality in Denmark. Helsin ...

is put under military blockade to prevent an outbreak of plague from spreading to Copenhagen; this year about one third of Helsingør's population is killed by the disease. *

June 18 Events Pre-1600 * 618 – Li Yuan becomes Emperor Gaozu of Tang, initiating three centuries of Tang dynasty rule over China. * 656 – Ali becomes Caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. * 860 – Siege of Constantinople (860), Byzantine� ...

–

King Louis XIV LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any monar ...

becomes the longest-reigning monarch in the world, surpassing the previous record of 68 years set by

Kʼinich Janaabʼ Pakal Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I (), also known as Pacal or Pacal the Great (March 24, 603 – August 29, 683),In the Maya calendar: born Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, 9.8.9.13.0, Calendar Round, 8 Ajaw 13 Pop; died 9.12.11.5.18, 6 Etzʼnab 11 Yax (Ti ...

in 683. As of 2022, Louis XIV still holds this record.

July–September

July 2 This date marks the halfway point of the year. In common years, the midpoint of the year occurs at noon on this date, while in leap years, it occurs at midnight (start of the day). Events Pre-1600 * 437 – Emperor Valentinian III begin ...

–

: Lieutenant Governor

Alexander Spotswood Major-General Alexander Spotswood (12 December 1676 – 7 June 1740) was a British army officer, explorer and colonial administrator who served as the governor of Virginia from 1710 to 1722. After an unsatisfactory military career, in 1710 ...

of Virginia dispatches a company of Royal Marines to assist Governor Hyde. After hearing of this, Cary's troops abandon all of their fortifications along the

Pamlico River The Pamlico
, from the North Carolina Collection's website at the

< ...

. Cary and many of his supporters are soon caught and sent to England as prisoners, ending Cary's Rebellion. *

July 11 Events Pre-1600 * 813 – Byzantine emperor Michael I, under threat by conspiracies, abdicates in favor of his general Leo the Armenian, and becomes a monk (under the name Athanasius). * 911 – Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair ...

– The town of

São Paulo São Paulo (; ; Portuguese for 'Paul the Apostle, Saint Paul') is the capital of the São Paulo (state), state of São Paulo, as well as the List of cities in Brazil by population, most populous city in Brazil, the List of largest cities in the ...

, Brazil, is elevated to city status. *

July 21 Events Pre-1600 * 356 BC – The Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, is destroyed by arson. * 230 – Pope Pontian succeeds Urban I as the eighteenth pope. After being exiled to Sardinia, he became th ...

– The

Treaty of the Pruth The Treaty of the Pruth was signed on the banks of the river Prut between the Ottoman Empire and the Tsardom of Russia on 23 July 1711 ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1710–1713 with the assistance of Peter Shafirov. The treaty was a politic ...

is signed between the

Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...

and

Russia Russia, or the Russian Federation, is a country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia. It is the list of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the world, and extends across Time in Russia, eleven time zones, sharing Borders ...

, ending the

Pruth River Campaign The Prut (also spelled in English as Pruth; , ) is a river in Eastern Europe. It is a left tributary of the Danube, and is long. Part of its course forms Romania's border with Moldova and Ukraine. Characteristics The Prut originates on the eas ...

. *

July 29 Events Pre-1600 *587 BC – The Neo-Babylonian Empire sacks Jerusalem and destroys the First Temple. * 615 – Pakal ascends the throne of Palenque at the age of 12. * 904 – Sack of Thessalonica: Saracen raiders under Leo o ...

– Total lunar eclipse at 17:50 UT. *

August 1 Events Pre-1600 * 30 BC – Octavian (later known as Augustus) enters Alexandria, Egypt, bringing it under the control of the Roman Republic. *AD 69 – Batavian rebellion: The Batavians in Germania Inferior (Netherlands) revolt u ...

– The

Dutch East India Company The United East India Company ( ; VOC ), commonly known as the Dutch East India Company, was a chartered company, chartered trading company and one of the first joint-stock companies in the world. Established on 20 March 1602 by the States Ge ...

trading ship ''

Zuytdorp ''Zuytdorp'', also ''Zuiddorp'' (meaning 'South Village', after Zuiddorpe, an extant village in the south of Zeeland in the Netherlands, near the Belgian border) was an 18th-century trading ship of the Dutch East India Company (, commonly abb ...

'' leaves the

Netherlands , Terminology of the Low Countries, informally Holland, is a country in Northwestern Europe, with Caribbean Netherlands, overseas territories in the Caribbean. It is the largest of the four constituent countries of the Kingdom of the Nether ...

on an ill-fated voyage to

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania, between the Indian Ocean, Indian and Pacific Ocean, Pacific oceans. Comprising over List of islands of Indonesia, 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, ...

bearing a load of freshly minted silver coins. The wreck site remains unknown until the mid-20th century, on a remote part of the

Western Australia Western Australia (WA) is the westernmost state of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Aust ...

n coast between Kalbarri and

Shark Bay Shark Bay () is a World Heritage Site in the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. The area is located approximately north of Perth, on the westernmost point of the Australian continent. UNESCO's listing of Shark Bay as a World Heritage S ...

. *

August 7 Events Pre-1600 * 461 – Roman Emperor Majorian is beheaded near the river Iria in north-west Italy following his arrest and deposition by the ''magister militum'' Ricimer. * 626 – The Avar and Slav armies leave the siege of ...

– Capture of the galleon ''San Joaquin'': Spanish galleon ''San Joaquin'' in a treasure fleet sailing from

Cartagena de Indias Cartagena ( ), known since the colonial era as Cartagena de Indias (), is a city and one of the major ports on the northern coast of Colombia in the Caribbean Region of Colombia, Caribbean Coast Region, along the Caribbean Sea. Cartagena's past ...

(modern-day Colombia) to Spain surrenders after an engagement with five British ships. *

August 9 Events Pre-1600 *48 BC – Caesar's Civil War: Battle of Pharsalus: Julius Caesar decisively defeats Pompey at Pharsalus and Pompey flees to Egypt. * 378 – Gothic War: Battle of Adrianople: A large Roman army led by Emperor Vale ...

–

John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough General (United Kingdom), General John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, 1st Prince of Mindelheim, 1st Count of Nellenburg, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722 Old Style and New Style dates, O.S.) was a Briti ...

with an army of 30,000 besieges Bouchain in the

. The siege lasts 34 days and results in the last major victory for Churchill. *

August 11 Events Pre-1600 * 3114 BC – The Mesoamerican Long Count calendar, used by several pre-Columbian Mesoamerican civilizations, notably the Maya, begins. * 2492 BC – Traditional date of the defeat of Bel by Hayk, progenitor and foun ...

– The first horse race is held at the newly founded

Ascot Racecourse Ascot Racecourse is a dual-purpose British racecourse, located in Ascot, Berkshire, England, about 25 miles west of London. Ascot is used for thoroughbred horse racing, and it hosts 13 of Britain's 36 annual Flat Group 1 races and three Grade ...

, which becomes one of the leading racecourses in England. *

August 13 Events Pre-1600 * 29 BC – Octavian holds the first of three consecutive triumphs in Rome to celebrate the victory over the Dalmatian tribes. * 523 – John I becomes the new Pope after the death of Pope Hormisdas. * 554 &ndash ...

– Tamachi Raisinhji becomes

Jam Sahib Jam Sahib () or simply Jam was a native title used by the rulers of a few princely states, notably born in western British India into the Samaa dynasty and their Jadeja branch which denotes their claimed descent from the legendary Jamshed o ...

(ruling prince) of

Nawanagar State Nawanagar was an Indian state and then a princely state in the historical Halar region, located on the southern shores of the Gulf of Kutch. It was ruled by the Jadeja Rajput dynasty and became a part of newly formed India. Its capital cit ...

Gujarat Gujarat () is a States of India, state along the Western India, western coast of India. Its coastline of about is the longest in the country, most of which lies on the Kathiawar peninsula. Gujarat is the List of states and union territories ...

, India. *

August 14 Events Pre-1600 * 74 BC – A group of officials, led by the Western Han minister Huo Guang, present articles of impeachment against the new emperor, Liu He, to the imperial regent, Empress Dowager Shangguan. * 29 BC – Octavian ...

– The inauguration of the newly built Cathedral of the Assumption takes place in

Gozo Gozo ( ), known in classical antiquity, antiquity as Gaulos, is an island in the Malta#The Maltese archipelago, Maltese archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea. The island is part of the Republic of Malta. After the Malta Island, island of Malta ...

Malta Malta, officially the Republic of Malta, is an island country in Southern Europe located in the Mediterranean Sea, between Sicily and North Africa. It consists of an archipelago south of Italy, east of Tunisia, and north of Libya. The two ...

. *

August 22 Events Pre-1600 * 392 – Arbogast has Eugenius elected Western Roman Emperor. * 851 – Battle of Jengland: Erispoe defeats Charles the Bald near the Breton town of Jengland. * 1138 – Battle of the Standard between Scot ...

– The Quebec Expedition, a British attempt to attack

Quebec Quebec is Canada's List of Canadian provinces and territories by area, largest province by area. Located in Central Canada, the province shares borders with the provinces of Ontario to the west, Newfoundland and Labrador to the northeast, ...

as part of

Queen Anne's War Queen Anne's War (1702–1713) or the Third Indian War was one in a series of French and Indian Wars fought in North America involving the colonial empires of Great Britain, France, and Spain; it took place during the reign of Anne, Queen of Gr ...

, fails when 8 of its ships are wrecked in the

Saint Lawrence River The St. Lawrence River (, ) is a large international river in the middle latitudes of North America connecting the Great Lakes to the North Atlantic Ocean. Its waters flow in a northeasterly direction from Lake Ontario to the Gulf of St. Lawrenc ...

and 890 people, mostly soldiers, drown. *

September 8 Events Pre-1600 * 70 – After the capture of Herod's Palace the previous day, a Roman army under Titus secures and plunders the city of Jerusalem. * 617 – Battle of Huoyi: Li Yuan defeats a Sui dynasty army, opening the path ...

– The

South Sea Company The South Sea Company (officially: The Governor and Company of the merchants of Great Britain, trading to the South Seas and other parts of America and for the encouragement of the Fishery) was a British joint-stock company founded in Ja ...

receives a

Royal Charter A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but ...

in Britain. *

September 10 Events Pre-1600 * 506 – The bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde. * 1089 – The first synod of pope Urban II starts in Melfi, with seventy bishops and twelve abbots in attendance. The synod issues several decree ...

(also dated

September 12 Events Pre-1600 * 490 BC – Battle of Marathon: The conventionally accepted date for the Battle of Marathon. The Athenians and their Plataean allies defeat the first Persian invasion force of Greece. * 372 – Sixteen Kingdoms: Sima ...

) – John Lawson,

Christoph von Graffenried Christoph von Graffenried, 1st Baron of Bernberg (15 November 1661 – 27 October 1743) was a Swiss nobleman and explorer who was one of the founders of New Bern, North Carolina. Born in Worb Castle in the Canton of Bern, he played a major role ...

, two

African American African Americans, also known as Black Americans and formerly also called Afro-Americans, are an Race and ethnicity in the United States, American racial and ethnic group that consists of Americans who have total or partial ancestry from an ...

slaves and two

Native American Native Americans or Native American usually refers to Native Americans in the United States. Related terms and peoples include: Ethnic groups * Indigenous peoples of the Americas, the pre-Columbian peoples of North, South, and Central America ...

s leave on an exploration expedition from

New Bern, North Carolina New Bern, formerly Newbern, is a city in Craven County, North Carolina, United States, and its county seat. It had a population of 31,291 at the 2020 United States census, 2020 census. It is located at the confluence of the Neuse River, Neuse a ...

, and travel north by canoe up the

Neuse River The Neuse River ( , Tuscarora: Neyuherú·kęʔkì·nęʔ) is a river rising in the Piedmont of North Carolina and emptying into Pamlico Sound below New Bern. Its total length is approximately , making it the longest river entirely contained in N ...

. *

September 14 Events Pre-1600 *AD 81 – Domitian became Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. * 786 – "Night of the three Caliphs": Harun al-Rashid becomes the Abbasid caliph upon the death of his brother al-Hadi. Bir ...

(approximate date) – Tuscarora natives capture John Lawson, Christoph von Graffenried and their expeditionary party, and bring them to Catechna. *

September 16 Events Pre-1600 * 681 – Pope Honorius I is posthumously excommunicated by the Sixth Ecumenical Council. *1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers. 1601–1900 * 1620 – Pilgrims set sail for ...

(approximate date) – Tuscarora natives kill Lawson. Von Graffenried and one

slave are known to have been set free. *

September 18 Events Pre-1600 * 96 – Emperor Domitian is assassinated as a result of a plot by his wife Domitia and two Praetorian prefects. Nerva is then proclaimed as his successor. * 324 – Constantine the Great decisively defeats Licinius i ...

– Bishop Bogusław Gosiewski sells the town of

Maladzyechna Maladzyechna, or Molodechno, is a town in Minsk Region, Belarus. It serves as the administrative centre of Maladzyechna District (and formerly of Molodechno Region from 1944 to 1960). Maladzyechna is located northwest of Minsk. In 2006, it had ...

in the Minsk Region of

Belarus Belarus, officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Russia to the east and northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Belarus spans an a ...

to the mighty Ogiński family. *

September 22 Events Pre-1600 * 904 – The warlord Zhu Quanzhong kills Emperor Zhaozong, the penultimate emperor of the Tang dynasty, after seizing control of the imperial government. * 1236 – The Samogitians defeat the Livonian Brothers of the ...

– The

Tuscarora War The Tuscarora War was fought in North Carolina from September 10, 1711, until February 11, 1715, between the Tuscarora people and their allies on one side and European American settlers, the Yamasee, and other allies on the other. This was con ...

begins when

Tuscarora Tuscarora may refer to the following: First nations and Native American people and culture * Tuscarora people **'' Federal Power Commission v. Tuscarora Indian Nation'' (1960) * Tuscarora language, an Iroquoian language of the Tuscarora people * ...

natives under the command of Chief Hancock raid settlements along the south bank of the Pamlico River, within the Province of Carolina (modern-day North Carolina), killing around 130 people.

October–December

October 7 Events Pre-1600 * 3761 BC – The epoch reference date (start) of the modern Hebrew calendar. * 1403 – Venetian–Genoese wars: The Genoese fleet under a French admiral is defeated by a Venetian fleet at the Battle of Modon. * 1477 ...

– is wrecked on Scaterie Island,

Nova Scotia Nova Scotia is a Provinces and territories of Canada, province of Canada, located on its east coast. It is one of the three Maritime Canada, Maritime provinces and Population of Canada by province and territory, most populous province in Atlan ...

with the loss of 102 lives. *

October 11 Events Pre-1600 *1138 – A massive earthquake strikes Aleppo; it is one of the most destructive earthquakes ever. * 1142 – A peace treaty ends the Jin–Song wars. *1311 – The peerage and clergy restrict the authority of En ...

– Panic kills 241 people in the stampede on the Guillottière bridge in

France France, officially the French Republic, is a country located primarily in Western Europe. Overseas France, Its overseas regions and territories include French Guiana in South America, Saint Pierre and Miquelon in the Atlantic Ocean#North Atlan ...

near

Lyon Lyon (Franco-Provençal: ''Liyon'') is a city in France. It is located at the confluence of the rivers Rhône and Saône, to the northwest of the French Alps, southeast of Paris, north of Marseille, southwest of Geneva, Switzerland, north ...

. Revelers returning from a festival on the other side of the

Rhône The Rhône ( , ; Occitan language, Occitan: ''Ròse''; Franco-Provençal, Arpitan: ''Rôno'') is a major river in France and Switzerland, rising in the Alps and flowing west and south through Lake Geneva and Southeastern France before dischargi ...

river are blocked by from crossing after a collision between a carriage and a cart. At least 25 fall off the bridge and into the river, while 216 are trampled by people behind them. *

October 14 Events Pre-1600 *1066 – The Norman conquest of England begins with the Battle of Hastings. *1322 – Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeats King Edward II of England at the Battle of Old Byland, forcing Edward to accept Scotland's in ...

Yostos Yostos (), throne name Tsehay Sagad (, died ), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 14 October 1711 to 19 February 1716, and a member of Solomonic dynasty. After the death of Tewoflos, the nobles chose one of their own as nəgusä nägäst to avoid a cycl ...

kills

Tewoflos Tewoflos ( Ge'ez: ቴዎፍሎስ), throne name Walda Anbasa (Ge'ez: ወልደ አንበሳ, died 14 October 1711), was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1 July 1708 to 14 October 1711, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the brother of Iyasu I, ...

, becoming Emperor of Ethiopia. **Woodes Rogers returns to England after a successful round-the-world privateering cruise against Spain, carrying loot worth £150,000. * October 16 – Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts is established in Brussels. * November 5 – The southwest spire of Southwell Minster in Nottinghamshire, England is struck by lightning, resulting in a fire that spreads to the nave and tower, destroying roofs, bells, clock and organ. * November 7 – The

ship ''Liefde (East Indiaman), Liefde'' runs aground and sinks off Out Skerries, Shetland, with the loss of all but one of her 300 crew. * December 5 – Great Northern War: the Battle of Wismar (1711), Battle of Wismar results in a Danish victory over Swedish forces. * December 7 – In the Parliament of Great Britain the Daniel Finch, 2nd Earl of Nottingham, Earl of Nottingham successfully proposes a "No Peace Without Spain" amendment. * December 8 – The Immaculate Conception Cathedral, Comayagua in Honduras, one of the oldest cathedrals in Central America, is inaugurated. * December 12 – A constitution is approved for the Academy of Sciences of the Institute of Bologna, which had been founded in 1690. * December 13 – Wall Street in New York City becomes the city's first official slave market for the sale and rental of enslaved Africans and Indians. * December 15 – The Old Pummerin, a massive bell cast from 208 captured cannons, is consecrated by Bishop Franz Ferdinand Freiherr von Rummel in preparation for its installation in St. Stephen's Cathedral, Vienna (the ''Stephansdom''). * December 25 – The rebuilding of St Paul's Cathedral in London to a design by Christopher Wren, Sir Christopher Wren is declared complete by Parliament; Old St Paul's Cathedral, Old St Paul's had been destroyed by the 1666 Great Fire of London.

Date unknown

* John Shore (trumpeter), John Shore invents the tuning fork. * Luigi Ferdinando Marsili shows that coral is an animal rather than a plant as previously thought.

Births

January–March

* January 1 – Baron Franz von der Trenck, Austrian noble (d. 1749) * January 3 ** Charles Moss (bishop of Bath and Wells), Charles Moss, British bishop of Bath and Wells (d. 1802) ** Giuseppe Capece Zurlo, Italian cardinal who served as Archbishop of Naples (d. 1801) * January 12 – Gaetano Latilla, Italian opera composer (d. 1788) * January 15 – Sidonia Hedwig Zäunemann, German poet (d. 1740) * January 22 – Johann Phillip Fabricius, German missionary (d. 1791) * January 28 – Johan Hörner, Swedish-born Danish portrait painter (d. 1763) * January 29 – Giuseppe Bonno, Austrian composer (d. 1788) * January 30 – Abraham Roentgen, German Ébéniste (cabinetmaker) (d. 1793) * February 2 – Wenzel Anton, Prince of Kaunitz-Rietberg, Austrian diplomat and chancellor (d. 1794) *

– Omar Ali Saifuddin I, Sultan of Brunei (d. 1795) * February 4 – Józef Aleksander Jabłonowski, Polish prince (d. 1777) * February 5 – Joseph Umstatt, Austrian composer of the early Classical era (d. 1762) * February 6 – Charles Sackville, 2nd Duke of Dorset, English cricketer (d. 1769) * February 9 ** Anthony Ashley Cooper, 4th Earl of Shaftesbury, England (d. 1771) ** Luis Vicente de Velasco, Spanish officer and commander in the Royal Spanish Navy (d. 1762) * February 10 – John Plumptre (younger), John Plumptre, British politician (d. 1791) * February 13 – Domènec Terradellas, Spanish opera composer (d. 1751) * February 14 – Alexandra Kurakina, daughter of Lieutenant-General and Senator Ivan Panin (d. 1786) * February 23 – Louis de Brienne de Conflans d'Armentières, French general (d. 1774) * February 25 ** Tokugawa Gorōta, Japanese daimyō (d. 1713) ** John Perceval, 2nd Earl of Egmont, British politician with Irish connections (d. 1770) * February 27 ** Gerrit de Graeff (I.) van Zuid-Polsbroek, Gerrit de Graeff, member of the De Graeff family from the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1752) ** Constantine Mavrocordatos, Prince of Wallachia and Moldavia (d. 1769) * March 4 – Matthäus Stach, Moravian missionary in Greenland (d. 1787) * March 5 – Carl Gustaf Pilo, Swedish-born artist and painter (d. 1793) * March 11 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish peer and politician (d. 1783) * March 22 – Samuel Gotthold Lange, German poet (d. 1781) * March 24 – William Brownrigg, doctor and scientist (d. 1800)

April–June

* April 2 – Job Baster, Dutch naturalist (d. 1775) *

– Hartwig Karl von Wartenberg, Royal Prussian major general (d. 1757) * April 10 – John Gambold, British bishop (d. 1771) *

– John Mitchell (geographer), John Mitchell, colonial American physician and botanist (d. 1768) * April 14 – Lord John Murray, British general and politician (d. 1787) * April 22 ** Paul II Anton, Prince Esterházy (d. 1762) ** Eleazar Wheelock, American President of Dartmouth College (d. 1779) * April 26 ** Jeanne-Marie Leprince de Beaumont, French writer (d. 1780) ** David Hume, Scottish philosopher, economist, and historian (d. 1776) * May 1 – Richard Clarke (merchant), Richard Clarke, Massachusetts merchant (d. 1795) * May 7 – Johann Friedrich Gräfe, German civil servant and an amateur composer (d. 1787) * May 9 – Sir Mark Sykes, 1st Baronet, priest in the Church of England (d. 1783) * May 10 – Frederick, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, member of the House of Hohenzollern (d. 1763) * May 12 – Abraham Darby II, English ironmaster (d. 1763) * May 17 – Agustín de Jáuregui, Spanish colonial governor (d. 1784) * May 18 – Roger Joseph Boscovich, Croatian-Italian priest and mathematician (d. 1787) * May 22 – Guillaume du Tillot, French politician (d. 1774) * May 23 – Ulla Tessin, Swedish courtier (d. 1768) * May 31 – Johann Heinrich Samuel Formey, German writer (d. 1797) * June 6 – Jean-Baptiste Coye, Occitan language writer (d. 1771) * June 7 – François Jacquier, French Franciscan mathematician and physicist (d. 1788) * June 8 – Charles Morris (surveyor general), Charles Morris, Canadian judge (d. 1781) * June 12 – Louis Legrand (theologian), Louis Legrand, French Sulpician priest and theologian (d. 1780) * June 13 – Sir Richard Glyn, 1st Baronet, of Ewell, British banker and politician (d. 1773) * June 16 – François-Louis de Pourroy de Lauberivière, fifth bishop of the diocese of Quebec (1739–1740) (d. 1740) * June 19 – Jacob Bremer, Swedish merchant and industrialist (d. 1785) * June 23 – Giovanni Battista Guadagnini, Italian luthier (d. 1786)

July–September

* July 10 – Princess Amelia of Great Britain, Second daughter of George II of Great Britain (d. 1786) *

– Anne Poulett, British politician (d. 1785) * July 18 – John Olmius, 1st Baron Waltham, of Ireland (d. 1762) * July 22 – Georg Wilhelm Richmann, German physicist (d. 1753) * July 24 – Richard FitzWilliam, 6th Viscount FitzWilliam (d. 1776) * July 26 ** Lorenz Christoph Mizler, German music historian, polymath (d. 1778) ** Jacques Hardouin-Mansart de Sagonne, French architect (d. 1778) * July 27 – Christian Ancher, Norwegian merchant (d. 1765) *

– Claude-Adrien Nonnotte, French writer (d. 1793) * August 19 ** Daniel Liénard de Beaujeu, Canadian officer during King George's War and the Seven Years' War (d. 1755) ** Edward Boscawen, British Royal Navy admiral (d. 1761) ** Gabriel de Solages, French soldier and industrialist (d. 1799) * August 21 – Bernardo de Hoyos, Beatified Spanish priest (d. 1735) * September 1 – William IV, Prince of Orange, first hereditary stadtholder of the Netherlands (d. 1751) * September 2 – Noël Hallé, French painter (d. 1781) * September 5 – Johann Nathanael Lieberkühn, German physician (d. 1756) * September 6 – Henry Muhlenberg, Lutheran clergyman and missionary (d. 1787) *

– Flavio Chigi (1711–1771), Flavio Chigi, Italian Catholic cardinal (d. 1771) * September 9 – Thomas Hutchinson (governor), Thomas Hutchinson, historian and last civilian Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay (d. 1780) * September 11 – Alexandre Guy Pingré, Catholic priest and scientist (d. 1796) *

– Michele Foschini, Italian painter (d. 1770) * September 15 – Heinrich IX, Count Reuss of Köstritz, Count of Reuss-Köstritz and Minister of Prussia (d. 1780) * September 17 – John Zephaniah Holwell, British surgeon (d. 1798) *

– Ignaz Holzbauer, composer of symphonies (d. 1783) * September 19 – Charles Holmes (Royal Navy officer), Charles Holmes, Rear admiral in the British Navy during the Seven Years' War (d. 1761) * September 20 ** Ignazio Cirri, Italian organist and composer in the 18th century (d. 1787) ** Frederick August I, Duke of Oldenburg (d. 1785) *

– Thomas Wright (astronomer), Thomas Wright, English astronomer (d. 1786) * September 23 – Louis Nicolas Victor de Félix d'Ollières, Marshal of France (d. 1775) * September 25 – Qianlong Emperor, sixth Emperor of the Qing dynasty in China (d. 1799) * September 26 – Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple, British politician and first Lord of the Admiralty (d. 1779) * September 28 – Joseph Richardson Sr., American silversmith (d. 1784)

October–December

* October 8 – Kumara Swamy Desikar, Indian philosopher (d. 1810) * October 9 – James Grimston, 2nd Viscount Grimston, British peer and Member of Parliament (d. 1773) *

– John Smith (astronomer), John Smith, British astronomer (d. 1795) * October 15 ** William Cooke (Provost of King's College), William Cooke, English cleric and academic (d. 1797) ** Daniel Parke Custis, American planter (d. 1757) ** Elisabeth Therese of Lorraine, Sardinian queen consort (d. 1741) * October 17 – Jupiter Hammon, American writer (d. 1806) * October 20 – Timothy Ruggles, American colonial politician (d. 1795) * October 21 – Armand-Jérôme Bignon, French lawyer (d. 1772) * October 31 – Laura Bassi, Italian physicist and academic (d. 1778) * November 1 – Marcus Fredrik Bang, Norwegian bishop (d. 1789) * November 5 – Kitty Clive, British actor (d. 1785) * November 10 – Robert Hay Drummond, Archbishop of York (d. 1776) * November 11 – Stepan Krasheninnikov, Russian scientist (d. 1755) * November 18 – Franz Töpsl, German historian and Augustinian Canon Regular (d. 1796) * November 19 ** John Berrien, farmer and merchant from Rocky Hill (d. 1772) ** Mikhail Lomonosov, Russian polymath (d. 1765) * November 20 – Niclas Gustaf Duncan, Swedish post official and spy (d. 1771) * November 21 – Samuel Morris (merchant), Samuel Morris, merchant and Patriot in colonial and revolutionary-era Philadelphia (d. 1782) * November 27 – Gerard Joan Vreeland, 28th Governor of Ceylon during the Dutch period in Ceylon (d. 1752) * November 30 – Ebenezer Kinnersley, American scientist (d. 1778) * December 4 – Barbara of Portugal, infanta of Portugal and later Queen of Ferdinand VI of Spain (d. 1758) * December 21 – Thomas Whitmore (died 1773), Thomas Whitmore, British Whig politician and MP (d. 1773) * December 23 – Jacob Fortling, German-Danish sculptor (d. 1761) * December 25 – Jean-Joseph de Mondonville, French composer and violinist (d. 1772) * December 26 – Maria Menshikova, daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov (d. 1729) * December 28 – Samuel Egerton, British landowner and politician (d. 1780) * ''Full Date Unknown'' – Mariot Arbuthnot, British admiral during the American War for Independence (d. 1794) ** Susanna Passavant, Jeweller and toy designer (d. 1790)

Deaths

* January 6 – Philips van Almonde, Dutch admiral (b. 1644) Joze-Vaz

* January 16 – Blessed Joseph Vaz, Apostle of Ceylon (b. 1651) * January 10 – John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, English nobleman and politician (b. 1638) * January 21 – Augustinus Terwesten, 18th century painter from the Northern Netherlands (b. 1649) * January 26 – Luis Francisco de la Cerda, Spanish noble, politician (b. 1660) *

– Francesco Maria de' Medici, Duke of Rovere and Montefeltro, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1660) * March 3 – Charles, Landgrave of Hesse-Wanfried (1676–1711) (b. 1649) * March 13 – Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux, French poet and critic (b. 1636) * March 15 – Eusebio Kino, Italian Catholic missionary (b. 1645) * March 19 – Thomas Ken, English bishop and hymn-writer (b. 1637) * March 29 – Gabriel Gerberon, French Jansenist monk (b. 1628) * April 9 – Charles Duncombe (English banker), Charles Duncombe, British politician (b. 1648) * April 14 – Louis, Grand Dauphin, son of Louis XIV of France (b. 1661) *

–

(b. 1678) * May 2 – Laurence Hyde, 1st Earl of Rochester, English statesman (b. 1641) * June 7 – Henry Dodwell, Irish theologian (b. 1641) * June 8 – Katharyne Lescailje, Dutch writer (b. 1649) * June 16 – Maria Amalia of Courland, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (b. 1653) * July 6 – James Douglas, 2nd Duke of Queensberry, Scottish politician (b. 1662) *

– Joseph Ball (Virginia public servant), Joseph Ball, American settler, public servant, and maternal grandfather of George Washington (b. 1649) * July 15 – John Holles, 1st Duke of Newcastle, England (b. 1662) * July 18 – Richard Verney, 11th Baron Willoughby de Broke, English baron (b. 1622) * July 19 – Date Tsunamune, Japanese daimyō of Sendai han (b. 1640) *

– Louis François, duc de Boufflers, Marshal of France (b. 1644) * August 25 – Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey, English politician (b. c. 1656) * August 30 – Pieter Spierinckx, Flemish painter (b. 1635) * August 31 – Jean Le Pelletier, French polygraph and alchemist (b. 1633) * September 3 – Élisabeth Sophie Chéron, French musician (b. 1648) *

– Claude Aveneau, French missionary (b. 1650) * September 17 – Giovanni Maria Gabrielli, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1654) * September 19 – Davide Cocco Palmieri, Italian Catholic bishop (b. 1632) *

– William Bartram (Pennsylvania politician), William Bartram, English-born politician and settler (b. 1674) * October 5 – Paulet St John, 3rd Earl of Bolingbroke, English politician (b. 1634) *

–

, Emperor of Ethiopia * October 30 – Wilhelmus à Brakel, Dutch theologian (b. 1635) * November 3 ** John Ernest Grabe, German-born Anglican theologian (b. 1666) ** Giordano Vitale, Italian mathematician (b. 1633) * ''Date unknown'' – Cille Gad, Norwegian poet (b. 1675)

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:1711 1711,