Zhu Guozhen (; 1557–1632) was a Chinese historian, politician, and writer of the

Ming dynasty The Ming dynasty, officially the Great Ming, was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China that ruled from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Mongol-led Yuan dynasty. The Ming was the last imperial dynasty of ...

Biography

He was born in 1557. He was jinshi in the

imperial examination The imperial examination was a civil service examination system in History of China#Imperial China, Imperial China administered for the purpose of selecting candidates for the Civil service#China, state bureaucracy. The concept of choosing bureau ...

in 1589 and was a Senior Grand Secretary of the

Tianqi Emperor The Tianqi Emperor (23 December 1605 – 30 September 1627), personal name Zhu Youjiao, was the 16th emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1620 to 1627. He was the eldest son of the Taichang Emperor and an elder brother of the Chongzhen ...

. Zhu was the author of ''Yong Zhuang Xiaopin'' (涌幢小品) and ''General History of the Ming Empire'' (皇明史概). Zhu Guozhen (1558-1632) remarked on the Ming dynasty's policy on Mongols who were relocated and deported into the Ming to serve in military matters. Zhu compared the policy to the

Eastern Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

and

Western Jin dynasty Western may refer to: Places *Western, Nebraska, a village in the US * Western, New York, a town in the US * Western Creek, Tasmania, a locality in Australia * Western Junction, Tasmania, a locality in Australia *Western world, countries that ...

who also managed surrendered and defeated barbarians of the

Five Barbarians The Five Barbarians, or Wu Hu (), is a Chinese historical exonym for five ancient non- Han ''" Hu"'' peoples who immigrated to northern China in the Eastern Han dynasty, and then overthrew the Western Jin dynasty and established their own king ...

. They also imported the barbarians into northern China, where they learned to study history. This eventually led to the rebellion, the

Uprising of the Five Barbarians The Upheaval of the Five Barbarians also translated as the Uprising, Rebellion or the Revolt of the Five Barbarians () is a Chinese expression used to refer to a chaotic period of warfare from 304 to 316 during the fall of the Western Jin dynas ...

. ''Late during the Eastern Han (25-220 C.E.), surrendering barbarians were settled in the hinterlands f China In time, they learned to study and grew conversant with atters of thepast and present. As a result, during the Jin dynasty (265-419), there occurred the Revolt of the Five Barbarian

ribes ''Ribes'' () is a genus of about 200 known species of flowering plants, most of them native to the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. The species may be known as various kinds of currants, such as redcurrants, blackcurrants, and White ...

(late in the third and early in the fourth centuries C.E.).184 During our dynasty, surrendering barbarians were relocated to the hinterlands in great numbers. Because he courtwas generous in its stipends and awards, he Mongols are content tomerely amuse themselves with archery and hunting. The brave185 among them gain recognition through ervice inthe military. heyserve as assistant regional commanders and regional vice commanders. Although they do not hold the seals of command, they may serve as senior officers. Some among those who receive investiture in the nobility of merit may occasionally hold the seals of command. However ecause the courtplaces heavy emphasis on maintaining centralized control of the armies, he Mongolsdo not dare commit misdeeds. As a consequence, during the Tumu Incident, while there was unrest everywhere, it still did not amount to a major revolt. Additionally, he Mongolswere relocated to Guangdong and Guangxi on military campaign. Thus, for more than 200 years, we have had peace throughout the realm. The dynastic forefathers' policies are the product of successive generations of guarding against the unexpected.

ur policies Ur ( or ) was an important Sumerian city-state in ancient Mesopotamia, located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar () in Dhi Qar Governorate, southern Iraq. Although Ur was once a Sea port, coastal city near the mouth of the Euphrates on the ...

are more thorough than those of the Han. The foundations of merit surpass the Sima family (founders of the Eastern Jin) ten thousand fold. In a word, one cannot generalize bout the policies towards surrendering barbarians 186''

Notes

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Zhu, Guozhen 1557 births 1632 deaths 16th-century Chinese historians Historians from Zhejiang Senior grand secretaries of the Ming dynasty Politicians from Huzhou Writers from Huzhou