Zhang Qing (Featherless Arrow)
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Zhang Qing is a fictional character in ''
Water Margin ''Water Margin'' (), also called ''Outlaws of the Marsh'' or ''All Men Are Brothers'', is a Chinese novel from the Ming dynasty that is one of the preeminent Classic Chinese Novels. Attributed to Shi Nai'an, ''Water Margin'' was one of the e ...
'', one of the
four great classical novels Classic Chinese Novels () are the best-known works of literary fiction across pre-modern Chinese literature. The group usually includes the following works: Ming dynasty novels '' Romance of the Three Kingdoms'', '' Water Margin'', ''Journey to t ...
in
Chinese literature The history of Chinese literature extends thousands of years, and begins with the earliest recorded inscriptions, court archives, building to the major works of philosophy and history written during the Axial Age. The Han dynasty, Han (202  ...
. Nicknamed "Featherless Arrow", he ranks 16th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the
108 Stars of Destiny The 108 Heroes are the main characters of the Ming dynasty classic Chinese novel the ''Water Margin'', which was written in the 14th century and usually attributed to Shi Nai'an. The heroes are divided into the 36 Heavenly Spirits and 72 Earthly ...
.


Background

The novel depicts Zhang Qing as a handsome, energetic and agile warrior with waist like that of a wolf, arms like those of an ape and a body like that of a tiger. Originally from Zhangde Prefecture (彰德府; present-day
Anyang Anyang ( zh, s=安阳, t=安陽; ) is a prefecture-level city in Henan, China. Geographical coordinates are 35° 41'~ 36° 21' north latitude and 113° 38'~ 114° 59' east longitude. The northernmost city in Henan, Anyang borders Puyang to the eas ...
,
Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...
), he serves as the garrison commandant of Dongchang Prefecture (東昌府; present-day
Liaocheng Liaocheng ( zh, s=, p=Liáochéng), is a prefecture-level city in western Shandong province, China. It borders the provincial capital of Jinan to the southeast, Dezhou to the northeast, Tai'an to the south, and the provinces of Hebei and Henan t ...
,
Shandong Shandong is a coastal Provinces of China, province in East China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history since the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River. It has served as a pivotal cultural ...
). He is nicknamed "Featherless Arrow" because he can fling stones with deadly accuracy.


Joining Liangshan

When a force from
Liangshan Marsh Mount Liang is a mountain in Liangshan County, Shandong, China, which rises to 197.9 metres above sea level. It is well known as the stronghold of the 108 Heroes in the classic Chinese novel '' Water Margin''. The modern Liangshan County i ...
led by
Lu Junyi Lu Junyi is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels, four Chinese great classical novels. Nicknamed "Jade Qilin", he ranks second among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Desti ...
comes to demand food from Dongchang, Zhang Qing rides out to fight them. He awes the outlaws when he injures
Hao Siwen Hao Siwen is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Wood Dog of Well", he ranks 41st among the 108 Stars of Destiny and fifth among the 72 Earthly Fiends. Background A ...
with a stone.
Song Jiang Song Jiang was a Chinese historical figure who led an armed rebellion against the ruling Song dynasty, Song Dynasty in the early 12th century. His band marauded over a region straddling the present-day Chinese provinces of Shandong and Henan. Th ...
comes to reinforce Lu Junyi. As Zhang Qing takes on one after another on horseback some of Liangshan's top warriors, he again displays his deadly stone-hurling skill. He injures or shocks
Xu Ning Xu Ning is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the four great classical novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Gold Lancer", he ranks 18th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny. Background T ...
, Yan Shun,
Han Tao Han Tao is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "General of Hundred Victories", he ranks 42nd among the 108 Stars of Destiny and sixth among the 72 Earthly Fiends. Ba ...
, Peng Qi, Xuan Zan,
Huyan Zhuo Huyan Zhuo is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Double Clubs", he ranked eighth among the 36 Heavenly Spirits (天罡), the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny. ...
, Yang Zhi,
Zhu Tong Zhu Tong is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels, four great classical novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Lord of the Beautiful Beard", he ranks 12th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first th ...
,
Lei Heng Lei Heng is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels of Chinese literature. He ranks 25th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Liangshan heroes, and is nicknamed "Winged Tiger". Back ...
, and
Suo Chao Suo Chao (索超) is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Impatient Vanguard", he ranks 19th among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destin ...
with his stones. He even captures
Liu Tang Liu Tang is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Red Haired Devil", he ranks 21st among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny. Backgro ...
, who, challenging him on foot, is knocked over with a stone. Guan Sheng could feel the impact of Zhang's stone when his sabre quivers as he whacks it away. Dong Ping, who knows Zhang Qing well having been the commandant in neighbouring Dongping prefecture, manages to dodge his stones and gets close to him. The two tussle on horseback when Zhang, abandoning his spear, seizes the far ends of Dong's two spears. Meanwhile, Gong Wang and Ding Desun, Zhang's two lieutenants, are captured, the first by
Lin Chong Lin Chong is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels in Chinese literature. Nicknamed "Panther Head", he ranks sixth among the 36 Heavenly Spirits. In some folk tales derived from the novel, he is said ...
and Hua Rong and the other by Lü Fang and Guo Sheng. Finding himself now unaided, Zhang feels nervous and gallops back to his own ranks. Dong pursues him and, forgetting to dodge, is nearly hit by a stone which scrapes past his ear. Angry over the injuries of his men but appreciative of Zhang's stone-flinging skill, Song Jiang is determined to capture and win over the commandant.
Wu Yong Wu Yong is a fictional character in ''Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Classical Novels, Four Great Chinese Classical Novels. Nicknamed "Knowledgeable Star", he ranks third among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of ...
, Liangshan's chief strategist, proposes setting up an ambush. When told that a convoy of ration is approaching Song Jiang's camp, Zhang, seeing a chance to cut off Liangshan's food supply, leaves the city to intercept it.
Lu Zhishen Lu Zhishen is a fictional character in '' Water Margin'', one of the four great classical novels in Chinese literature. He is the main character in the first segment of the novel, which spans about six chapters. Nicknamed "Flowery Monk", he rank ...
, who is leading the convoy, is knocked over by Zhang's stone.
Wu Song Wu Song ( zh, c=武松, p=Wǔ Sōng), also known as Second Brother Wu ( zh, c=武二郎, p=Wǔ Èrláng, labels=no), is a legendary hero recounted since the 13th century; and one of the well-known fictional characters in the ''Water Margin'', on ...
drags Lu away. Thinking he could succeed a second time, Zhang Qing moves to attack Liangshan's ration-loaded boats moored at a riverbank. But
Gongsun Sheng Gongsun Sheng is a fictional character in '' Water Margin'', one of the Four Great Chinese Classical Novels. Nicknamed "Dragon in the Clouds", he ranks fourth among the 36 Heavenly Spirits, the first third of the 108 Stars of Destiny. Backgro ...
engulfs him in darkness with his magic. Losing his way, Zhang Qing falls into the river and is captured. Song Jiang's sincere and warm treatment convinces Zhang Qing to surrender. Zhang then tricks the prefect of Dongchang to open the city's gate, causing its fall. Zhang also recommends
veterinary physician A veterinarian (vet) or veterinary surgeon is a medical professional who practices veterinary medicine. They manage a wide range of health conditions and injuries in non-human animals. Along with this, veterinarians also play a role in animal ...
Huangfu Duan to Song, whose recruitment greatly benefits Liangshan as its horses require expert care.


Campaigns and death

Zhang Qing is appointed as one of the Eight Tiger Cub Vanguard Generals of the Liangshan cavalry after the
108 Stars of Destiny The 108 Heroes are the main characters of the Ming dynasty classic Chinese novel the ''Water Margin'', which was written in the 14th century and usually attributed to Shi Nai'an. The heroes are divided into the 36 Heavenly Spirits and 72 Earthly ...
came together in what is called the grand Assembly. He participates in the campaigns against the Liao invaders and rebels in
Song A song is a musical composition performed by the human voice. The voice often carries the melody (a series of distinct and fixed pitches) using patterns of sound and silence. Songs have a structure, such as the common ABA form, and are usu ...
territory following amnesty from Emperor Huizong for Liangshan. Zhang Qing scores the top credit in the campaign against Tian Hu when he captures the rebel leader with the help of Qiong Ying, the foster daughter of one of Tian's followers. Zhang marries Qiong, who bears him a son named Zhang Jie (). Qiong Ying is also an excellent stone thrower. In the battle of Dusong Pass (獨松關; located south of present-day
Anji County Anji County () is a county in the prefecture-level city of Huzhou in northwestern Zhejiang province, China. The county spans an area of , with a population of 461,800 as of the end of 2013. Located within the Yangtze River Delta, Anji County ...
,
Zhejiang ) , translit_lang1_type2 = , translit_lang1_info2 = ( Hangzhounese) ( Ningbonese) (Wenzhounese) , image_skyline = 玉甑峰全貌 - panoramio.jpg , image_caption = View of the Yandang Mountains , image_map = Zhejiang i ...
) in the campaign against
Fang La Fang La (; died 1121) was a Chinese rebel leader who led an uprising against the Song dynasty. In the classical novel ''Water Margin'', he is fictionalised as one of the primary antagonists and nemeses of the 108 Stars of Destiny. He is sometim ...
, Zhang Qing and Dong Ping comes to combat with Li Tianrun, one of Fang's top warriors. Although Dong Ping's arm is injured by a projectile, Dong Ping continues to fight Li on horseback. When he retreats to treat his wound, Zhang Qing takes over the fight. He misses a stab on Li and has his spear stuck in a tree. As he struggles to pull it out, Li stabs him in the abdomen and kills him. When the campaign ends, the remains of Zhang Qing are sent back to Zhangde for burial.


References

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