Zeron 100 is a super duplex

stainless steel Stainless steel, also known as inox, corrosion-resistant steel (CRES), or rustless steel, is an iron-based alloy that contains chromium, making it resistant to rust and corrosion. Stainless steel's resistance to corrosion comes from its chromi ...

developed by

Rolled Alloys Rolled Alloys is a privately held metal supplier based in Temperance, Michigan, specializing in heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloys. The company serves various industries, including aerospace, chemical processing, medical, and power gen ...

(formerly Weir Materials). The alloy has excellent corrosion resistance combined with high strength. It typically contains 25%

chromium Chromium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6 element, group 6. It is a steely-grey, Luster (mineralogy), lustrous, hard, and brittle transition metal. Chromium ...

and 7% nickel and 3.6%

molybdenum Molybdenum is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Mo (from Neo-Latin ''molybdaenum'') and atomic number 42. The name derived from Ancient Greek ', meaning lead, since its ores were confused with lead ores. Molybdenum minerals hav ...

along with copper and

tungsten Tungsten (also called wolfram) is a chemical element; it has symbol W and atomic number 74. It is a metal found naturally on Earth almost exclusively in compounds with other elements. It was identified as a distinct element in 1781 and first ...

additions. Zeron 100 has a 50–50

austenitic Austenite, also known as gamma-phase iron (γ-Fe), is a metallic, non-magnetic allotrope of iron or a solid solution of iron with an alloying element. In plain-carbon steel, austenite exists above the critical eutectoid temperature of 1000 K ...

–

ferritic A ferrite is one of a family of iron oxide-containing magnetic ceramic materials. They are ferrimagnetic, meaning they are attracted by magnetic fields and can be magnetized to become permanent magnets. Unlike many ferromagnetic materials, mos ...

structure. It also has greater resistance to chloride pitting, crevice

corrosion Corrosion is a natural process that converts a refined metal into a more chemically stable oxide. It is the gradual deterioration of materials (usually a metal) by chemical or electrochemical reaction with their environment. Corrosion engine ...

and

stress corrosion cracking Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is the growth of crack formation in a corrosive environment. It can lead to unexpected and sudden failure of normally ductile metal alloys subjected to a tensile stress, especially at elevated temperature. SC ...

than exhibited by the standard 300 series stainless steels. The UNS Designation of the Zeron 100 is S32760. Zeron 100 with a composition of 25% chromium, 3.6% molybdenum and 0.7% tungsten has good pitting resistance to various

chloride The term chloride refers to a compound or molecule that contains either a chlorine anion (), which is a negatively charged chlorine atom, or a non-charged chlorine atom covalently bonded to the rest of the molecule by a single bond (). The pr ...

s and organics

acid An acid is a molecule or ion capable of either donating a proton (i.e. Hydron, hydrogen cation, H+), known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis ...

s. Zeron 100 is made to meet a minimum pitting resistance equivalent ( PREn) value of 40. The ferritic structure and alloy additions, such as

nitrogen Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a Nonmetal (chemistry), nonmetal and the lightest member of pnictogen, group 15 of the periodic table, often called the Pnictogen, pnictogens. ...

provide yield strengths that are twice that of 300 series stainless steels. ZERON 100 plate is included in the ASTM A240 specification. Its minimum room temperature mechanical property requirements are 109,000 psi 51 MPa(ultimate tensile strength), 80,000 psi 52 MPa(0.2% offset yield strength) and 25% minimum elongation. Zeron 100 has a copper addition which provides good resistance to

sulfuric acid Sulfuric acid (American spelling and the preferred IUPAC name) or sulphuric acid (English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth spelling), known in antiquity as oil of vitriol, is a mineral acid composed of the elements sulfur, oxygen, ...

. For this reason, it is used in acid leach mining applications, steel pickling and other industries where sulfuric acid is encountered. There are modified versions of Zeron 100 for specific applications. Zeron 100FG is a fastener grade of round bar. It is a cold drawn product with higher strength properties than standard Zeron 100. Zeron 100AFP is an advanced forging grade which has been developed for use in subsea oil and gas applications where good mechanical properties must be preserved at temperatures of about −70 °C.

History

Zeron 100 Super Duplex was born from a research project undertaken by Dr Cecil Roscoe at the University of Manchester, England. Tasked by his then employer – Mather+Platt – with studying the effect of various alloying additions on the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of Zeron 25, he concluded that an optimum corrosion performance could be obtained from a duplex stainless steel with a PREn value of 40, containing low carbon and alloyed with optimum levels of Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu, W and N. This discovery marked the invention and first use of the term 'super duplex' stainless steels. Dr Roscoe returned to Mather+Platt and, working under the General Manager Dr Kevan Gradwell, branded the new material 'Zeron 100', before completing his PhD on 'The Structure-Property Relationship in a Series of Duplex Stainless Steels' some months later. Mather+ Platt successfully marketed Zeron 100 primarily in the manufacture of their advanced centrifugal pumps for the oil industries, with the wrought form of Zeron 100 licensed by Mather+Platt to British Steel. Ownership of Zeron 100 passed to Weir Pumps with their acquisition of Mather+Platt in 1987. In 2008, ownership then passed to Rolled Alloys with their acquisition of Weir Materials and Foundry.

Industry applications

Oil and gas A fossil fuel is a flammable carbon compound- or hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the buried remains of prehistoric organisms (animals, plants or microplanktons), a process that occurs within geologi ...

Pulp and paper The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Manufacturing process In the manufacturing process, pulp is introd ...

Power generation Electricity generation is the process of generating electric power from sources of primary energy. For utilities in the electric power industry, it is the stage prior to its delivery ( transmission, distribution, etc.) to end users or its stora ...

* Seawater * Mining and minerals *

Desalination Desalination is a process that removes mineral components from saline water. More generally, desalination is the removal of salts and minerals from a substance. One example is Soil salinity control, soil desalination. This is important for agric ...

* Chemical processing

Forms

* Bar *

Billet In European militaries, a billet is a living-quarters to which a soldier is assigned to sleep. In American usage, it refers to a specific personnel position, assignment, or duty station to which a soldier can be assigned. Historically, a billet w ...

* Fittings * Pipe * Plate * Sheet * Welding Products

Specifications

* ASTM A 182 * ASTM A 182 (Grade F55) * ASTM A 240 * ASTM A 276 * ASTM A 473 * ASTM A 479 * ASTM A 790 * ASTM A 815 * ASTM A314 * NORSOK MDS 055 * UNS S32760 * W. Nr./EN 1.4501

References

{{reflist

External links

Technical Data for Zeron 100 Super Duplex Stainless Steel
Steels