Zaoyang
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Zaoyang () is a city in the north of
Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...
province, People's Republic of China, bordering
Henan Henan; alternatively Honan is a province in Central China. Henan is home to many heritage sites, including Yinxu, the ruins of the final capital of the Shang dynasty () and the Shaolin Temple. Four of the historical capitals of China, Lu ...
province to the north. Administratively, it is a
county-level city A county-level city () is a County-level divisions of China, county-level administrative division of the China, People's Republic of China. County-level cities have judiciary, judicial but no legislature, legislative rights over their own local or ...
under the administration of
Xiangyang Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River (Hanshui), Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city n ...
. At the 2020 census its population was 888,794 inhabitants even though its built-up (''metropolitan'') area is much smaller.


History

Remains dating back to the
Warring States period The Warring States period in history of China, Chinese history (221 BC) comprises the final two and a half centuries of the Zhou dynasty (256 BC), which were characterized by frequent warfare, bureaucratic and military reforms, and ...
(771 - 221 BCE) have been found near Zaoyang. In 221 BCE, following the unification of China, Emperor Qin Shi Huang implemented the commandery-county system and established Caiyang County (蔡阳县) within the present-day jurisdiction of Zaoyang, under the administration of Nanyang Commandery. In the first year of the Renshou era (601 CE), to avoid the taboo of Crown Prince Yang Guang’s name, Guangchang County (广昌县) was renamed Zaoyang County and placed under the jurisdiction of Chongling Commandery (舂陵郡). In the 26th year of the Kaiyuan era (738 CE), Zaoyang County was divided, and Tangcheng County (present-day Tangxian Town, Suizhou) was established. From this point, the territorial boundaries of Zaoyang were largely finalized. In the second year of the
Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...
(1913), the prefectural system (府制) was abolished, and Zaoyang County was placed directly under
Hubei Province Hubei is a province in Central China. It has the seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland provinces. Its provincial capital at Wuhan serves as a major politi ...
. In the third year of the Republic of China (1914), provinces were subdivided into circuits (道), and Zaoyang was initially placed under Ebei Circuit before being reassigned to
Xiangyang Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwestern Hubei province, China. It was known as Xiangfan from 1950 to 2010. The Han River (Hanshui), Han River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city n ...
Circuit. In the 16th year of the Republic of China (1927), the Nationalist Government in Nanjing abolished the circuit system, making Zaoyang County directly administered by Hubei Province. In the 21st year of the Republic of China (1932), the provincial government established inspectorate districts (督察区), and Zaoyang County came under the jurisdiction of the Eighth Administrative Inspectorate Office of Hubei Province (present-day Xiangyang). Zaoyang was the site of two major battles during the
Second Sino-Japanese War The Second Sino-Japanese War was fought between the Republic of China (1912–1949), Republic of China and the Empire of Japan between 1937 and 1945, following a period of war localized to Manchuria that started in 1931. It is considered part ...
, the Battle of Suixian-Zaoyang and the Battle of Zaoyang-Yichang. In November 1945, the
Chinese People's Liberation Army The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is the military of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the People's Republic of China (PRC). It consists of four Military branch, services—People's Liberation Army Ground Force, Ground Force, People's ...
(PLA) captured Zaoyang and briefly established a county-level people's government, which was disbanded the following month due to military redeployment. In December 1947, after the PLA recaptured Zaoyang, the county was temporarily divided along the Xianghua Highway (now National Highway 316), with the northern part designated as Zaoyang County and the southern part split into Suizao County and Xiangzaoyi County. In October 1949, Zaoyang County was placed under the jurisdiction of the Xiangyang Administrative Office of Hubei Province. In July 1955, following the abolition of Hongshan County, Qingtan and Pinglin were re-incorporated into Zaoyang. In 1981, Zaoyang County came under the administration of the Xiangyang Prefectural Office. In October 1983, under the county-administered-by-city system (市管县体制), Zaoyang County was placed under the jurisdiction of Xiangfan City. In January 1988, the State Council of the People's Republic of China approved the change of Zaoyang from a county to a city, which continues to this day under the jurisdiction of Xiangyang City.


Geography and climate

Zaoyang's administrative area spans in latitude 31° 40'−32° 40' N, or and in longitude 112° 30'−113° 00' N, or . Zaoyang has a
monsoon A monsoon () is traditionally a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation but is now used to describe seasonal changes in Atmosphere of Earth, atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with annu ...
-influenced, four season
humid subtropical climate A humid subtropical climate is a subtropical -temperate climate type, characterized by long and hot summers, and cool to mild winters. These climates normally lie on the southeast side of all continents (except Antarctica), generally between ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
''Cwa''), with cold, damp (but comparatively dry), winters, and hot, humid summers. Monthly daily averages range from in January to in July, with an annual mean temperature of . Precipitation peaks from May to August. The city receives an average 2,100 hours of sunshine per year.


Administrative divisions

Three subdistricts: * Beicheng Subdistrict (), Nancheng Subdistrict (), Huancheng Subdistrict () Twelve towns: * Juwan (), Qifang (), Yangdang (), Taiping (), Xinshi (), Lutou (), Liusheng (), Xinglong (),
Wangcheng Wangcheng may refer to the following places in China: *Wangcheng (Zhou dynasty), an ancient settlement from the Eastern Zhou period, located near modern Luoyang, Henan *Wangcheng District, a district of Changsha, Hunan **Wangcheng Economic and Tech ...
(), Wudian (), Xiongji (), Pinglin () Other areas: * Zaoyang Economic Zone (), Suiyang (), Chehe ()


Transport

Zaoyang is served by the Hankou–Danjiangkou Railway.


Notable people

*
Emperor Guangwu of Han Emperor Guangwu of Han (; 15 January 5 BC29 March AD 57), born Liu Xiu (), courtesy name Wenshu (), was a Chinese monarch. He served as an emperor of the Han dynasty by restoring the dynasty in AD 25, thus founding the Eastern Han dynasty. He ...
, creator of the
Eastern Han The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...
dynasty, born in Zaoyang in 5 BCE. *
Nie Haisheng Nie Haisheng (born 13 October 1964) is a major general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Strategic Support Force (PLASSF) in active service as an taikonaut and the third commander (unit chief) of the People's Liberation Army Astronaut Co ...
, Flight Engineer of China's 2005
Shenzhou 6 Shenzhou 6 () was the second human spaceflight of the Chinese space program, launched on October 12, 2005, on a Long March 2F rocket from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. The Shenzhou spacecraft carried a crew of Fèi Jùnlóng (费俊龙) ...
crewed spacecraft expedition, born in Zaoyang in 1964.


References

{{Authority control Xiangyang