Zacharias Calliergi
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Zacharias Calliergi or Zacharias Calliergis () was a
Greek Greek may refer to: Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor of all kno ...
Renaissance humanist and scholar. He was born in
Crete Crete ( ; , Modern Greek, Modern: , Ancient Greek, Ancient: ) is the largest and most populous of the Greek islands, the List of islands by area, 88th largest island in the world and the List of islands in the Mediterranean#By area, fifth la ...
, then a Venetian colony, but emigrated to
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
at a young age. In 1499 he helped bring out the ''
Etymologicum Magnum ''Etymologicum Magnum'' (, ) (standard abbreviation ''EM'', or ''Etym. M.'' in older literature) is the traditional title of a Greek lexical encyclopedia compiled at Constantinople by an unknown lexicographer around 1150 AD. It is the largest By ...
'' in Venice and in 1515 he set up a printing press where he published exclusively Greek volumes, among them the first Greek book printed in
Rome Rome (Italian language, Italian and , ) is the capital city and most populated (municipality) of Italy. It is also the administrative centre of the Lazio Regions of Italy, region and of the Metropolitan City of Rome. A special named with 2, ...
,
Pindar Pindar (; ; ; ) was an Greek lyric, Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes, Greece, Thebes. Of the Western canon, canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar i ...
's ''
Epinikion The ''epinikion'' or ''epinicion'' (: ''epinikia'' or ''epinicia'', Greek , from ''epi-'', "on", + '' nikê'', "victory") is a genre of occasional poetry also known in English as a victory ode. In ancient Greece, the ''epinikion'' most often to ...
'' ("Victory Odes"). He also instituted the (''Gymnasium Caballini Montis'') where lectures were given, by among others, eminent fellow Cretan scholar
Marcus Musurus Marcus Musurus (; ; – 1517) was a Greek scholar and philosopher born in Candia, Venetian Crete (modern Heraklion, Crete). Life The son of a rich merchant, Musurus became at an early age a pupil of Janus Lascaris in Venice. In 1505, Musurus w ...
and Janus Lascaris. In 1499, he established himself in
Venice Venice ( ; ; , formerly ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 islands that are separated by expanses of open water and by canals; portions of the city are li ...
, along with Nicolaos Vlastos, also a Cretan, the first Greek-owned printing press. Their publishing production wasn’t restricted only to the Greek public but generally to the humanistic public of their era. Also the financial support by Anna Notaras contributed to the 'imperial decoration' of the publications. The printery was exclusively staffed by Cretans, both in technicians and in individuals who shouldered the literary responsibilities of the publications. The offspring of this Cretan collaboration were four archetypes: the ''Etymologicum Magnum'', one of the most important Byzantine dictionaries, the ''Ypomnema eis tas dekas kategorias tou Aristotelous'', the ''Ypomnema eis tas pente phonas Porphyriou, tou Ammoniou'' and the ''Therapeutica'' of
Galen Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 – AD), often Anglicization, anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Ancient Rome, Roman and Greeks, Greek physician, surgeon, and Philosophy, philosopher. Considered to be one o ...
. The publications are characterized by Byzantine luster, enriched by the expanded use of red-types, and aesthetic titles, and different sized first letters. His edition of the ''Etymologicum Magnum'' is one of the most important monuments of
Byzantine literature Byzantine literature is the Greek literature of the Middle Ages, whether written in the Byzantine Empire or outside its borders. It was marked by a linguistic diglossy; two distinct forms of Byzantine Greek were used, a scholarly dialect based ...
. The beauty of this book comes from the tasteful aesthetics of the letters, which characterize the Byzantine, especially the liturgical Byzantine book. The pages are illustrated by xylography, in the top of each chapter.William Dana Orcutt, ''Master Makers of the Book: Being a Consecutive Story of the Book'', 1928, p.66


Known works

*''Etymologicum Magnum'', extensive Greek etymological dictionary, 1499 *''Ypomnema eis tas deka kategorias tou Aristotelous'', ("Memorandum to the ten categories of Aristotle"), 1499 *''Agapetou diakonou parainetika kephalaia pros Ioustinianon'', ("Deacon Agapetos’ exhortative chapters to Justinian"), 1509 *''Thoma tou Magistrou, kat’alphabeton Attidos dialektou ekloga, eis oi dokimotatoi orontai ton palaion, kai tines autis parasemeioseis kai diaphorai'', 1515 *The victory odes of
Pindar Pindar (; ; ; ) was an Greek lyric, Ancient Greek lyric poet from Thebes, Greece, Thebes. Of the Western canon, canonical nine lyric poets of ancient Greece, his work is the best preserved. Quintilian wrote, "Of the nine lyric poets, Pindar i ...
, including the ''editio princeps'' of the scholia, 1515 *''Theokriton'', 1516 *''Apophthegmata philosophon, syllechthenta ypo Arseniou Monemvasias'' ("Sayings of philosophers, collected by Arsenios of Monemvasia"), 1515 *''Mega kai pany ophelimon lexicon, oper Garinos o Favorinos Kamirs o Nikairias episkopos ek pollon kai diaphoron biblion kata stoicheion synelexanto'', 1523


References


See also

*
Greek scholars in the Renaissance The migration waves of Byzantine Greeks, Byzantine Greek scholars and émigrés in the period following the fall of Constantinople, end of the Byzantine Empire in 1453 are considered by many scholars key to the revival of Classics, Greek stu ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Calliergi, Zacharias 15th-century births 15th-century Italian businesspeople 15th-century printers 15th-century Venetian people 16th-century deaths 16th-century Italian businesspeople 16th-century printers 16th-century Venetian people Greek Renaissance humanists Zacharias People from Rethymno Scholars from Crete 15th-century Greek educators 16th-century Greek educators