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The ZIS-151 () was a general-purpose truck produced by the
The ZIS-151 () was a general-purpose truck produced by the Soviet
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR), commonly known as the Soviet Union, was a List of former transcontinental countries#Since 1700, transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 until Dissolution of the Soviet ...
car manufacturer Automotive Factory No. 2 ''Zavod imeni Stalina'' in 1948–1958. In 1956, the factory was renamed to ''Zavod imeni Likhacheva'', and new trucks were called ZIL-151 ().
The ZIS-151 was the first major Soviet military all-wheel-drive truck built following World War II
World War II or the Second World War (1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945) was a World war, global conflict between two coalitions: the Allies of World War II, Allies and the Axis powers. World War II by country, Nearly all of the wo ...
, replacing the imported U.S. Studebaker US6
Studebaker was an American wagon and automobile manufacturer based in South Bend, Indiana, with a building at 1600 Broadway, Times Square, Midtown Manhattan, New York City. Founded in 1852 and incorporated in 1868 as the Studebaker Brothers Man ...
and the earlier Soviet ZIS-6
The ZIS-6 () is a Soviet general-purpose 6×4 army cargo truck, a three-axle version of the ZIS-5 two-axle truck. Prototypes were made in 1932 and serial production started in 1933. In October 1941 the Moscow Zavod imeni Stalina factorywas eva ...
. In early 1948, the cabs were made of wood, soon replaced with a steel cab. Tens of thousands were produced, including specialized versions for hauling different types of cargo. The Soviets also found the trucks an ideal platform for BM-13
The Katyusha ( rus, Катю́ша, p=kɐˈtʲuʂə, a=Ru-Катюша.ogg) is a type of rocket artillery first built and fielded by the Soviet Union in World War II. Multiple rocket launchers such as these deliver explosives to a target area m ...
''Katyusha'' rocket launchers.
The most famous developments of ZIS-151 were the BTR-152
The BTR-152 is a six-wheeled Soviet armoured personnel carrier (APC) built on the chassis and drive train of a ZIS-151 utility truck. It entered service with a number of Warsaw Pact member states beginning in 1950, and formed the mainstay of Sovi ...
armored personnel carrier
An armoured personnel carrier (APC) is a broad type of armoured military vehicle designed to transport personnel and equipment in combat zones. Since World War I, APCs have become a very common piece of military equipment around the world.
Acc ...
and the BAV 485
The ZIS-485, army designation BAV (Russian, БАВ, большой автомобиль водоплавающий - ''bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy'', ''big floating vehicle''), is a Soviet Union, Soviet Amphibious vehicle, amphibious tra ...
amphibious vehicle
An amphibious vehicle (or simply amphibian) is a vehicle that works both on land and on or under water. Amphibious vehicles include amphibious Amphibious cycle, bicycles, Amphibious ATV, ATVs, Amphibious automobile, cars, Duckboats, buses, truc ...
. Due to de-Stalinization
De-Stalinization () comprised a series of political reforms in the Soviet Union after Death and state funeral of Joseph Stalin, the death of long-time leader Joseph Stalin in 1953, and Khrushchev Thaw, the thaw brought about by ascension of Nik ...
the ZIS-151 was renamed in 1956 to ZIL-151.
In 1958, an improved model, the ZIL-157
The ZIL-157 is a general-purpose -ton 6×6 truck, produced at the Likhachev plant in the Soviet Union from 1958 to 1977, when production was transferred to the Amur plant, since the Likhachev plant wanted to focus more on modern trucks, such a ...
, was introduced and replaced the ZIS-151. It differed outwardly by its grille and having single rear tires, instead of the ZIL-151's dual tires.
In 1956, the Chinese began building the ZIS-151 under license as the Jiefang CA-30
The Jiefang CA-30 is a military truck used widely by the Chinese People's Liberation Army. It is a licensed-produced Soviet ZIL-157 6x6 army truck and looks similar to the original, except that it has square fenders rather than round fenders as ...
at First Automobile Works
China FAW Group Corp., Ltd. (First Automotive Works) is a Chinese state-owned automobile manufacturer headquartered in Changchun, Jilin.
L-head
A flathead engine, also known as a sidevalve engine''American Rodder'', 6/94, pp.45 & 93. or valve-in-block engine, is an internal combustion engine with its poppet valves contained within the Cam-in-block, engine block, instead of in the cyl ...
inline 6 cylinder gasoline engine
A petrol engine (gasoline engine in American and Canadian English) is an internal combustion engine designed to run on petrol (gasoline). Petrol engines can often be adapted to also run on fuels such as Autogas, liquefied petroleum gas and Common ...
developing at 2600 rpm
Revolutions per minute (abbreviated rpm, RPM, rev/min, r/min, or r⋅min−1) is a unit of rotational speed (or rotational frequency) for rotating machines.
One revolution per minute is equivalent to hertz.
Standards
ISO 80000-3:2019 def ...
.
The transmission
Transmission or transmit may refer to:
Science and technology
* Power transmission
** Electric power transmission
** Transmission (mechanical device), technology that allows controlled application of power
*** Automatic transmission
*** Manual tra ...
was a 5 speed with a direct 4th gear and overdrive 5th. The transfer case
A transfer case is an intermediate gearbox that transfers power from the transmission of a motor vehicle to the driven axles of four-wheel-drive, all-wheel-drive, and other multi-axled on- and off-road machines. A part of the vehicle's drivetr ...
had high and low ranges, and selectively engaged the front axle. Both front and rear axles were a split type.
The differential and rear axle housing were the same as the GAZ-51
The GAZ-51 (Russian: ГАЗ-51) is a light truck manufactured by the Soviet vehicle manufacturer GAZ, Gorkovsky Avtomobilny Zavod. The vehicle was designed before the World War II, Second World War and mass-produced together with the all-wheel-driv ...
, and the front axle was similar to, and used parts from, the GAZ-63.
Chassis
The chassis was 6×6, with three live beam axles, adapted and strengthened for conditions in the USSR. It had a reinforcedladder frame
A vehicle frame, also historically known as its ''chassis'', is the main supporting structure of a motor vehicle to which all other components are attached, comparable to the skeleton of an organism.
Until the 1930s, virtually every car had ...
with three live beam axles, the front on semi elliptical leaf spring
A leaf spring is a simple form of spring (device), spring commonly used for suspension (vehicle), suspension in wheeled vehicles. Originally called a ''laminated'' or ''carriage spring'', and sometimes referred to as a semi-elliptical spring, e ...
s, the rear tandem on quarter elliptical leaf springs with locating arms.
Wheelbase was to the center of the rear bogey and to the center of the rear axle.
ZIS-151’s tires have a larger cross section, versus the US6’s . Both had dual rear tires. The wider tires spread the load over a wider area. This allows the truck to be operated on softer surfaces.
The ZIL-157 has much wider single rear tires. To further increase the footprint, a centralized inflation system allows the tire pressure to be reduced from the cab for soft surfaces, then re-inflated for road use.
The drive shafts were laid out like the US6, but as a mirror image, the front axle differential was offset to the left, while American trucks were offset to the right. Air brakes were used, on the ZIL-157 the air system also supplied the centralized inflation system.
Specifications
*6×6ZIS-150
The ZIS-150 is a Soviet truck. In 1947 it replaced the ZIS-5 truck on the assembly line. Together with the GAZ-51, it was the main Soviet truck during the 1950s, judging by their quantity. A tractor-trailer version of the ZIS-150, the ''ZIS-120N' ...
based truck
*Engine: ZIS-121 6-cyl, at 2600 rpm,
*Bore/stroke: ×
*Compression ratio: 6.0
*Clutch: dry twin plate
*Gearbox: 5×2 speeds
*Length:
*Width:
*Height:
*Wheelbase: , rear axis clearance:
*Front wheel track:
*Rear track:
*Turning radius on front outer wheel:
*Weight (without load):
*Maximal speed (loaded, highway):
*Tyres:
*Fuel tank capacity: 2×
*Fuel consumption:
Variants
*ZIS-151: Original production version. Produced 1947-1958. **ZIS-151D: As ZIS-151 except with shielded electrical equipment. Produced 1955-1958. **ZIS-151E: Export version of ZIS-151. Produced 1949-1958. **ZIS-151P: Cab-chassis version (for PMZM-3 fire truck). Produced 1951-1956. **ZIS-151U: Export version of ZIS-151 for tropical climates. Produced 1956-1958. *ZIS-121B: Tractor-trailer version. Produced 1954-1958. *ZIS-121D: As ZIS-121B, except powered by a ZIS-121D engine. Produced 1955-1958. *ZIS-151A (ZIS-121G): Prototype modernized version of ZIS-151. Produced in 1953; entered production as the ZIL-157. *ZIS-151B: Prototype version with single rear wheels and a new frame designed by NAMI. Produced in 1955. *ZIS-151G (ZIL-E157): Prototype for ZIL-157. *ZIS-151V (ZIL-157A): Prototype modernized version of the ZIS-151. Produced in 1955. *ZIS-121V: Prototype for BTR-152. *ZIS-153: Prototype halftrack version. Produced in 1952. *BTR-152
The BTR-152 is a six-wheeled Soviet armoured personnel carrier (APC) built on the chassis and drive train of a ZIS-151 utility truck. It entered service with a number of Warsaw Pact member states beginning in 1950, and formed the mainstay of Sovi ...
: Armoured personnel carrier.
*BAV 485
The ZIS-485, army designation BAV (Russian, БАВ, большой автомобиль водоплавающий - ''bolshoi avtomobil vodoplavayushchiy'', ''big floating vehicle''), is a Soviet Union, Soviet Amphibious vehicle, amphibious tra ...
: Amphibious military version.
Operators
* North Korean Parade - September 9, 1963 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BywVC6G_MfAReferences
External links
* * {{Commons ZiL vehicles Trucks of the Soviet Union Military vehicles introduced from 1945 to 1949