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Antoine-Joseph Yvon Villarceau (15 January 1813 – 23 December 1883) was a French 
astronomer
An astronomer is a scientist in the field of astronomy who focuses on a specific question or field outside the scope of Earth. Astronomers observe astronomical objects, such as stars, planets, natural satellite, moons, comets and galaxy, galax ...
, mathematician, and engineer.
He constructed an equatorial meridian
Meridian or a meridian line (from Latin ''meridies'' via Old French ''meridiane'', meaning “midday”) may refer to
Science
* Meridian (astronomy), imaginary circle in a plane perpendicular to the planes of the celestial equator and horizon
* ...
-instrument and an isochronometric regulator for the Paris Observatory
The Paris Observatory (, ), a research institution of the Paris Sciences et Lettres University, is the foremost astronomical observatory of France, and one of the largest astronomical centres in the world. Its historic building is on the Left Ban ...
.
He wrote ''Mécanique Céleste. Expose des Méthodes de Wronski et Composantes des Forces Perturbatrices suivant les Axes Mobiles'' (Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1881) and ''Sur l'établissement des arches de pont, envisagé au point de vue de la plus grande stabilité'' (Paris: Imprimerie Impériale, 1853).
He is the eponym of Villarceau circles
In geometry, Villarceau circles () are a pair of circles produced by cutting a torus obliquely through its center at a special angle.
Given an arbitrary point on a torus, four circles can be drawn through it. One is in a plane parallel to the e ...
, which are two circular sections of a torus
In geometry, a torus (: tori or toruses) is a surface of revolution generated by revolving a circle in three-dimensional space one full revolution about an axis that is coplanarity, coplanar with the circle. The main types of toruses inclu ...
other than the two trivial ones.
A short street in the 16th arrondissement of Paris
The 16th arrondissement of Paris (; ) is the westernmost of the 20 arrondissements of Paris, the capital city of France. Located on the city's Right Bank, it is adjacent to the 17th and 8th arrondissements to the northeast, as well as to the ...
is named after Villarceau.
Bibliography
* 19th-century French astronomers 19th-century French mathematicians 1813 births 1883 deaths People from Vendôme {{France-engineer-stub