Natural

yttrium Yttrium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost a ...

(₃₉Y) is composed of a single

isotope Isotopes are distinct nuclear species (or ''nuclides'') of the same chemical element. They have the same atomic number (number of protons in their Atomic nucleus, nuclei) and position in the periodic table (and hence belong to the same chemica ...

, yttrium-89. The most stable

radioisotope A radionuclide (radioactive nuclide, radioisotope or radioactive isotope) is a nuclide that has excess numbers of either neutrons or protons, giving it excess nuclear energy, and making it unstable. This excess energy can be used in one of three ...

s are ⁸⁸Y, which has a

half-life Half-life is a mathematical and scientific description of exponential or gradual decay. Half-life, half life or halflife may also refer to: Film * Half-Life (film), ''Half-Life'' (film), a 2008 independent film by Jennifer Phang * ''Half Life: ...

of 106.6 days, and ⁹¹Y, with a half-life of 58.51 days. All the other isotopes have half-lives of less than a day, except ⁸⁷Y, which has a half-life of 79.8 hours, and ⁹⁰Y, with 64 hours. The dominant

decay mode Radioactive decay (also known as nuclear decay, radioactivity, radioactive disintegration, or nuclear disintegration) is the process by which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by radiation. A material containing unstable nuclei is conside ...

below the stable ⁸⁹Y is

electron capture Electron capture (K-electron capture, also K-capture, or L-electron capture, L-capture) is a process in which the proton-rich nucleus of an electrically neutral atom absorbs an inner atomic electron, usually from the K or L electron shells. Th ...

and the dominant mode after it is

beta emission In nuclear physics, beta decay (β-decay) is a type of radioactive decay in which an atomic nucleus emits a beta particle (fast energetic electron or positron), transforming into an isobar of that nuclide. For example, beta decay of a neutron t ...

. Thirty-five unstable isotopes have been characterized. ⁹⁰Y exists in equilibrium with its

parent isotope In nuclear science a decay chain refers to the predictable series of radioactive disintegrations undergone by the nuclei of certain unstable chemical elements. Radioactive isotopes do not usually decay directly to stable isotopes, but rather ...

strontium-90 Strontium-90 () is a radioactive isotope of strontium produced by nuclear fission, with a half-life of 28.79 years. It undergoes β− decay into yttrium-90, with a decay energy of 0.546 MeV. Strontium-90 has applications in medicine a ...

, which is a product of

nuclear fission Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei. The fission process often produces gamma photons, and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactiv ...

List of isotopes

, -id=Yttrium-76 , rowspan=3, ⁷⁶Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 37 , rowspan=3, 75.95894(32)# , rowspan=3, 28(9) ms , β⁺? , ⁷⁶Sr , rowspan=3, 1−# , rowspan=3, , - , p? , ⁷⁵Sr , - , β⁺, p? , ⁷⁵Rb , -id=Yttrium-77 , rowspan=3, ⁷⁷Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 38 , rowspan=3, 76.95015(22)# , rowspan=3, 63(17) ms , β⁺ , ⁷⁷Sr , rowspan=3, 5/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , p? , ⁷⁶Sr , - , β⁺, p? , ⁷⁶Rb , -id=Yttrium-78 , rowspan=2, ⁷⁸Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2, 77.94399(32)# , rowspan=2, 54(5) ms , β⁺ , ⁷⁸Sr , rowspan=2, (0+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p? , ⁷⁷Rb , -id=Yttrium-78m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^78mYOrder of ground state and isomer is uncertain. , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 0(500)# keV , rowspan=2, 5.8(6) s , β⁺ , ⁷⁸Sr , rowspan=2, (5+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺, p? , ⁷⁷Rb , -id=Yttrium-79 , ⁷⁹Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 40 , 78.937946(86) , 14.8(6) s , β⁺ , ⁷⁹Sr , 5/2+# , , -id=Yttrium-80 , ⁸⁰Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 41 , 79.9343548(67) , 30.1(5) s , β⁺ , ⁸⁰Sr , 4− , , -id=Yttrium-80m1 , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^80m1Y , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 228.5(1) keV , rowspan=2, 4.8(3) s , IT (81%) , ⁸⁰Y , rowspan=2, 1− , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (19%) , ⁸⁰Sr , -id=Yttrium-80m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^80m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 312.6(9) keV , 4.7(3) μs , IT , ⁸⁰Y , (2+) , , -id=Yttrium-81 , ⁸¹Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 42 , 80.9294543(58) , 70.4(10) s , β⁺ , ⁸¹Sr , (5/2+) , , -id=Yttrium-82 , ⁸²Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 43 , 81.9269302(59) , 8.30(20) s , β⁺ , ⁸²Sr , 1+ , , -id=Yttrium-82m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^82m1Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 402.63(14) keV , 258(22) ns , IT , ⁸²Y , 4− , , -id=Yttrium-82m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^82m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 507.50(13) keV , 148(6) ns , IT , ⁸²Y , 6+ , , -id=Yttrium-83 , ⁸³Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 44 , 82.922484(20) , 7.08(8) min , β⁺ , ⁸³Sr , (9/2+) , , -id=Yttrium-83m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^83mY , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 62.04(10) keV , rowspan=2, 2.85(2) min , β⁺ (60%) , ⁸³Sr , rowspan=2, (3/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , IT (40%) , ⁸³Y , -id=Yttrium-84 , ⁸⁴Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 45 , 83.9206711(46) , 39.5(8) min , β⁺ , ⁸⁴Sr , (6+) , , -id=Yttrium-84m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^84m1Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 67.0(2) keV , 4.6(2) s , β⁺ , ⁸⁴Sr , 1+ , , -id=Yttrium-84m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^84m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 210.42(16) keV , 292(10) ns , IT , ⁸⁴Y , 4− , , -id=Yttrium-85 , ⁸⁵Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 46 , 84.916433(20) , 2.68(5) h , β⁺ , ⁸⁵Sr , (1/2)− , , -id=Yttrium-85m1 , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^85m1Y , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 19.68(17) keV , rowspan=2, 4.86(20) h , β⁺ , ⁸⁵Sr , rowspan=2, (9/2)+ , rowspan=2, , - , IT? , ⁸⁵Y , -id=Yttrium-85m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^85m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 266.18(10) keV , 178(7) ns , IT , ⁸⁵Y , (5/2)− , , -id=Yttrium-86 , ⁸⁶Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 47 , 85.914886(15) , 14.74(2) h , β⁺ , ⁸⁶Sr , 4− , , -id=Yttrium-86m1 , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^86m1Y , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 218.21(9) keV , rowspan=2, 47.4(4) min , IT (99.31%) , ⁸⁶Y , rowspan=2, (8+) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (0.69%) , ⁸⁶Sr , -id=Yttrium-86m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^86m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 302.18(9) keV , 125.3(55) ns , IT , ⁸⁶Y , 6+ , , -id=Yttrium-87 , ⁸⁷Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 48 , 86.9108761(12) , 79.8(3) h , β⁺ , ⁸⁷Sr , 1/2− , , -id=Yttrium-87m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^87mY , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 380.82(7) keV , rowspan=2, 13.37(3) h , IT (98.43%) , ⁸⁷Y , rowspan=2, 9/2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁺ (1.57%) , ⁸⁷Sr , -id=Yttrium-88 , ⁸⁸Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 49 , 87.9095013(16) , 106.629(24) d , β⁺ , ⁸⁸Sr , 4− , , -id=Yttrium-88m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^88m1Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 392.86(9) keV , 301(3) μs , IT , ⁸⁸Y , 1+ , , -id=Yttrium-88m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^88m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 674.55(4) keV , 13.98(17) ms , IT , ⁸⁸Y , 8+ , , -id=Yttrium-89 , ⁸⁹Y

Fission product Nuclear fission products are the atomic fragments left after a large atomic nucleus undergoes nuclear fission. Typically, a large nucleus like that of uranium fissions by splitting into two smaller nuclei, along with a few neutrons, the releas ...

, style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 50 , 88.90583816(36) , colspan=3 align=center, Stable , 1/2− , 1.0000 , -id=Yttrium-89m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^89mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 908.97(3) keV , 15.663(5) s , IT , ⁸⁹Y , 9/2+ , , - , ⁹⁰Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 51 , 89.90714175(38) , 64.05(5) h , β⁻ , ⁹⁰Zr , 2− , , -id=Yttrium-90m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^90mY , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 682.01(5) keV , rowspan=2, 3.226(11) h , IT , ⁹⁰Y , rowspan=2, 7+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻ (0.0018%) , ⁹⁰Zr , -id=Yttrium-91 , ⁹¹Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 52 , 90.9072980(20) , 58.51(6) d , β⁻ , ⁹¹Zr , 1/2− , , -id=Yttrium-91m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^91mY , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 555.58(5) keV , rowspan=2, 49.71(4) min , IT , ⁹¹Y , rowspan=2, 9/2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻? , ⁹¹Zr , -id=Yttrium-92 , ⁹²Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 53 , 91.9089458(98) , 3.54(1) h , β⁻ , ⁹²Zr , 2− , , -id=Yttrium-92m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^92mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 807(50)# keV , 3.7(5) μs , IT , ⁹²Y , 7+# , , -id=Yttrium-93 , ⁹³Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 54 , 92.909578(11) , 10.18(8) h , β⁻ , ⁹³Zr , 1/2− , , -id=Yttrium-93m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^93mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 758.719(21) keV , 820(40) ms , IT , ⁹³Y , 9/2+ , , -id=Yttrium-94 , ⁹⁴Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 55 , 93.9115921(68) , 18.7(1) min , β⁻ , ⁹⁴Zr , 2− , , -id=Yttrium-94m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^94mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1202.3(10) keV , 1.304(12) μs , IT , ⁹⁴Y , (5+) , , -id=Yttrium-95 , ⁹⁵Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 56 , 94.9128197(73) , 10.3(1) min , β⁻ , ⁹⁵Zr , 1/2− , , -id=Yttrium-95m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^95mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1087.6(6) keV , 48.6(5) μs , IT , ⁹⁵Y , 9/2+ , , -id=Yttrium-96 , ⁹⁶Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 57 , 95.9159093(65) , 5.34(5) s , β⁻ , ''⁹⁶Zr'' , 0− , , -id=Yttrium-96m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^96m1Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1540(9) keV , 9.6(2) s , β⁻ , ''⁹⁶Zr'' , 8+ , , -id=Yttrium-96m2 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^96m2Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1655.0(11) keV , 181(9) ns , IT , ⁹⁶Y , (6+) , , -id=Yttrium-97 , rowspan=2, ⁹⁷Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 58 , rowspan=2, 96.9182867(72) , rowspan=2, 3.75(3) s , β⁻ (99.945%) , ⁹⁷Zr , rowspan=2, 1/2− , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (0.055%) , ''⁹⁶Zr'' , -id=Yttrium-97m1 , rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" , ^97m1Y , rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 667.52(23) keV , rowspan=3, 1.17(3) s , β⁻ (>99.2%) , ⁹⁷Zr , rowspan=3, 9/2+ , rowspan=3, , - , IT (<0.7%) , ⁹⁷Y , - , β⁻, n (0.11%) , ''⁹⁶Zr'' , -id=Yttrium-97m2 , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^97m2Y , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 3522.6(4) keV , rowspan=2, 142(8) ms , IT (94.8%) , ⁹⁷Y , rowspan=2, (27/2−) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻ (5.2%) , ⁹⁷Zr , -id=Yttrium-98 , rowspan=2, ⁹⁸Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 59 , rowspan=2, 97.9223948(85) , rowspan=2, 548(2) ms , β⁻ (99.67%) , ⁹⁸Zr , rowspan=2, 0− , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (0.33%) , ⁹⁷Zr , -id=Yttrium-98m1 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m1Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 170.78(5) keV , 615(8) ns , IT , ⁹⁸Y , 2− , , -id=Yttrium-98m2 , rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m2Y , rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 465.7(7) keV , rowspan=3, 2.32(8) s , β⁻ (96.56%) , ⁹⁸Zr , rowspan=3, (6,7)+ , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (3.44%) , ⁹⁷Zr , - , IT? , ⁹⁸Y , -id=Yttrium-98m3 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m3Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 496.10(11) keV , 6.90(54) μs , IT , ⁹⁸Y , (4)− , , -id=Yttrium-98m4 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m4Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 594(10) keV , 180(7) ns , IT , ⁹⁸Y , (3−,4−) , , -id=Yttrium-98m5 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m5Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 972.17(20) keV , 450(150) ns , IT , ⁹⁸Y , (8+) , , -id=Yttrium-98m6 , style="text-indent:1em" , ^98m6Y , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1181.50(18) keV , 762(14) ns , IT , ⁹⁸Y , (10−) , , -id=Yttrium-99 , rowspan=2, ⁹⁹Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 60 , rowspan=2, 98.9241608(71) , rowspan=2, 1.484(7) s , β⁻ (98.23%) , ⁹⁹Zr , rowspan=2, 5/2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (1.77%) , ⁹⁸Zr , -id=Yttrium-99m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^99mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 2141.65(19) keV , 8.2(4) μs , IT , ⁹⁹Y , (17/2+) , , -id=Yttrium-100 , rowspan=2, ¹⁰⁰Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 61 , rowspan=2, 99.927728(12) , rowspan=2, 940(30) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁰Zr , rowspan=2, 4+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n? , ⁹⁹Zr , -id=Yttrium-100m , rowspan=2 style="text-indent:1em" , ^100mY , rowspan=2 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 144(16) keV , rowspan=2, 727(6) ms , β⁻ (98.92%) , ¹⁰⁰Zr , rowspan=2, 1+# , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (1.08%) , ⁹⁹Zr , -id=Yttrium-101 , rowspan=2, ¹⁰¹Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 62 , rowspan=2, 100.9301608(76) , rowspan=2, 426(20) ms , β⁻ (97.7%) , ¹⁰¹Zr , rowspan=2, 5/2+ , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (2.3%) , ¹⁰⁰Zr , -id=Yttrium-101m , style="text-indent:1em" , ^101mY , colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 1205.0(10) keV , 870(90) ns , IT , ¹⁰¹Y , 13/2−# , , -id=Yttrium-102 , rowspan=2, ¹⁰²Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 63 , rowspan=2, 101.9343285(44) , rowspan=2, 360(40) ms , β⁻ (>97.4%) , ¹⁰²Zr , rowspan=2, (5−) , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (<2.6%) , ¹⁰¹Zr , -id=Yttrium-102m , rowspan=3 style="text-indent:1em" , ^102mY , rowspan=3 colspan="3" style="text-indent:2em" , 100(100)# keV , rowspan=3, 300(100) ms , β⁻ (>97.4%) , ¹⁰²Zr , rowspan=3, (0−,1−) , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (<2.6%) , ¹⁰¹Zr , - , IT? , ¹⁰²Y , -id=Yttrium-103 , rowspan=2, ¹⁰³Y , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=2 style="text-align:right" , 64 , rowspan=2, 102.937244(12) , rowspan=2, 239(12) ms , β⁻ (92.0%) , ¹⁰³Zr , rowspan=2, 5/2+# , rowspan=2, , - , β⁻, n (8.0%) , ¹⁰²Zr , -id=Yttrium-104 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁴Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 65 , rowspan=3, 103.94194(22)# , rowspan=3, 197(4) ms , β⁻ (66%) , ¹⁰⁴Zr , rowspan=3, (0+,1+)# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (34%) , ¹⁰³Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰²Zr , -id=Yttrium-105 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁵Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 66 , rowspan=3, 104.94571(43)# , rowspan=3, 95(9) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁵Zr , rowspan=3, 5/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n (<82%) , ¹⁰⁴Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰³Zr , -id=Yttrium-106 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁶Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 67 , rowspan=3, 105.95084(54)# , rowspan=3, 75(6) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁶Zr , rowspan=3, 2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ¹⁰⁵Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰⁴Zr , -id=Yttrium-107 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁷Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 68 , rowspan=3, 106.95494(54)# , rowspan=3, 33.5(3) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁷Zr , rowspan=3, 5/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ¹⁰⁶Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰⁵Zr , -id=Yttrium-108 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁸Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 69 , rowspan=3, 107.96052(64)# , rowspan=3, 30(5) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁸Zr , rowspan=3, 6−# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ¹⁰⁷Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰⁶Zr , -id=Yttrium-109 , rowspan=3, ¹⁰⁹Y , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 39 , rowspan=3 style="text-align:right" , 70 , rowspan=3, 108.96513(75)# , rowspan=3, 25(5) ms , β⁻ , ¹⁰⁹Zr , rowspan=3, 5/2+# , rowspan=3, , - , β⁻, n? , ¹⁰⁸Zr , - , β⁻, 2n? , ¹⁰⁷Zr , -id=Yttrium-110 , ¹¹⁰Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 71 , , , , , , , -id=Yttrium-111 , ¹¹¹Y , style="text-align:right" , 39 , style="text-align:right" , 72 , , , , , ,

References

* Isotope masses from: ** * Half-life, spin, and isomer data selected from the following sources. ** ** ** ** {{Navbox element isotopes Yttrium

Yttrium Yttrium is a chemical element; it has Symbol (chemistry), symbol Y and atomic number 39. It is a silvery-metallic transition metal chemically similar to the lanthanides and has often been classified as a "rare-earth element". Yttrium is almost a ...

List of isotopes

See also

References