''Yoshimuriella'' is a

genus Genus (; : genera ) is a taxonomic rank above species and below family (taxonomy), family as used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In bino ...

foliose A foliose lichen is a lichen with flat, leaf-like , which are generally not firmly bonded to the substrate on which it grows. It is one of the three most common lichen growth forms, growth forms of lichens. It typically has distinct upper and lo ...

(leafy)

lichen A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony (biology), colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among hypha, filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualism (biology), m ...

s in the family

Peltigeraceae The Peltigeraceae are a family of lichens in the order Peltigerales. The Peltigeraceae, which contains 15 genera and about 600 species, has recently (2018) been emended to include the families Lobariaceae and Nephromataceae. Many Peltigeraceae sp ...

. It has nine species.

Taxonomy

The genus was

circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...

by lichenologists Bibiana Moncada and

Robert Lücking Robert Lücking (born 1964) is a German lichenologist, known for his extensive research on foliicolous lichens (lichens that live on leaves) and his significant contributions to the taxonomy, ecology, and biodiversity of fungi and lichens. He e ...

in 2013, with '' Yoshimuriella fendleri'' assigned as the

type species In International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature, zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the spe ...

. The genus contains species that were previously considered part of the ''Lobaria peltigera''

species group In biology, a species complex is a group of closely related organisms that are so similar in appearance and other features that the boundaries between them are often unclear. The taxa in the complex may be able to hybridize readily with each oth ...

, a

clade In biology, a clade (), also known as a Monophyly, monophyletic group or natural group, is a group of organisms that is composed of a common ancestor and all of its descendants. Clades are the fundamental unit of cladistics, a modern approach t ...

of predominantly

neotropical The Neotropical realm is one of the eight biogeographic realms constituting Earth's land surface. Physically, it includes the tropical terrestrial ecoregions of the Americas and the entire South American temperate zone. Definition In biogeogra ...

lichens. The transfer of these species from ''Lobaria'' to ''Yoshimuriella'' represented a significant taxonomic revision in the understanding of this group. This revision built upon earlier studies by

Edvard August Vainio Edvard August Vainio (born Edvard Lang; 5 August 185314 May 1929) was a Finnish lichenology, lichenologist. His early works on the lichens of Lapland (Finland), Lapland, his three-volume monograph on the lichen genus ''Cladonia'', and, in part ...

(1890) and Isao Yoshimura (1998), who helped establish the fundamental distinctions between species in this group. The genus name honours the Japanese botanist and lichenologist Yoshimura for his contributions to the understanding of the genus ''

Lobaria ''Lobaria'' is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their eco ...

'' and allied species. Seven species were included in the original circumscription of the genus.

Description

''Yoshimuriella'' consists of

lichens that typically grows as

epiphyte An epiphyte is a plant or plant-like organism that grows on the surface of another plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it. The plants on which epiphyt ...

s, and less frequently on logs or mossy rocks. They are green when wet, drying out to a pale greyish colour, and becoming pale yellowish after lengthy storage in a

herbarium A herbarium (plural: herbaria) is a collection of preserved plant biological specimen, specimens and associated data used for scientific study. The specimens may be whole plants or plant parts; these will usually be in dried form mounted on a sh ...

. The thalli can display various surface textures including pitted () or even surfaces, with lobes that may be plane or shallowly The underside features distinctive patterns that vary between species, from regular single veins to more complex patterns with secondary branching.

Pseudocyphella Pseudocyphellae (singular ''pseudocyphella'') are structures in lichens that appear as tiny pores on the outer surface (the cortex) of the lichen. They are caused when there is a break in the cortex of the lichen, and the medullary hyphae extend ...

e (pores for air exchange) and

soredia Soredia are common reproduction, reproductive structures of lichens. Lichens asexual reproduction, reproduce asexually by employing simple fragmentation and production of soredia and isidia. Soredia are powdery propagules composed of fungus, fung ...

are absent;

isidia An isidium (plural: isidia) is a tiny, wart- or finger-like outgrowth on the thallus surface of certain lichen species. It is one of two principal types of vegetative reproduction, vegetative reproductive structures in lichens, the other being ...

or and are often present, and are usually found at the margins of the lobes. The

apothecia An ascocarp, or ascoma (: ascomata), is the fruiting body ( sporocarp) of an ascomycete phylum fungus. It consists of very tightly interwoven hyphae and millions of embedded asci, each of which typically contains four to eight ascospores. As ...

are cup-shaped and lecanorine in form. The

photobiont A lichen ( , ) is a hybrid colony of algae or cyanobacteria living symbiotically among filaments of multiple fungus species, along with yeasts and bacteria embedded in the cortex or "skin", in a mutualistic relationship.

partner is the

green alga The green algae (: green alga) are a group of chlorophyll-containing autotrophic eukaryotes consisting of the phylum Prasinodermophyta and its unnamed sister group that contains the Chlorophyta and Charophyta/ Streptophyta. The land plants ( ...

l genus ''

Dictyochloropsis ''Dictyochloropsis'' is a genus of Unicellular organism, unicellular Green algae, green alga of the phylum Chlorophyta. This genus consists of Free-swimming, free-living algae which have a reticulate (net-like) chloroplast that varies slightly in ...

''. Secondary compounds that occur in ''Yoshimuriella'' include pseudocyphellarin A,

gyrophoric acid Gyrophoric acid is a tridepside. It is a double ester of the orsellinic acid. It can also be found in most of the species of the lichen genera '' Actinogyra'', '' Lasallia'', and '' Umbilicaria'' . Natural occurrence and biosynthesis Gyropho ...

, and congyrophoric acid.

Species

Species Fungorum ''Index Fungorum'' is an international project to index all formal names (Binomial nomenclature, scientific names) in the fungus Kingdom (biology), kingdom. As of 2015, the project is based at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, one of three partn ...

(in the

Catalogue of Life The Catalogue of Life (CoL) is an online database that provides an index of known species of animals, plants, fungi, and microorganisms. It was created in 2001 as a partnership between the global Species 2000 and the American Integrated Taxono ...

) accepts eight species of ''Yoshimuriella''; this total does not yet include a ninth species that was added to the genus in 2021. They are shown in this list, followed by their author citation, year of transfer into ''Yoshimuriella'', and

location In geography, location or place is used to denote a region (point, line, or area) on Earth's surface. The term ''location'' generally implies a higher degree of certainty than ''place'', the latter often indicating an entity with an ambiguous bou ...

where the

type specimen In biology, a type is a particular wikt:en:specimen, specimen (or in some cases a group of specimens) of an organism to which the scientific name of that organism is formally associated. In other words, a type is an example that serves to ancho ...

was collected. *'' Yoshimuriella carassensis'' – Brazil *'' Yoshimuriella corrosa'' – Peru *'' Yoshimuriella denudata'' – Colombia *'' Yoshimuriella deplanata'' – Colombia *'' Yoshimuriella dissecta'' – Jamaica *'' Yoshimuriella enfogoa'' – Colombia *'' Yoshimuriella fendleri'' – Venezuela *'' Yoshimuriella peltigera'' – Brazil *'' Yoshimuriella subcorrosa'' – Mexico *'' Yoshimuriella subdissecta'' – Bolivia

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q47646135 Peltigeraceae Peltigerales genera Lichen genera Taxa described in 2013 Taxa named by Robert Lücking Taxa named by Bibiana Moncada