Yondonwangchug (1870 – 24 March 1938) was an

Inner Mongolia Inner Mongolia, officially the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, is an Autonomous regions of China, autonomous region of China. Its border includes two-thirds of the length of China's China–Mongolia border, border with the country of Mongolia. ...

n nobleman of Ulanqab League and politician under the

Qing Dynasty The Qing dynasty ( ), officially the Great Qing, was a Manchu-led Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China and an early modern empire in East Asia. The last imperial dynasty in Chinese history, the Qing dynasty was preceded by the ...

Republic of China Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a country in East Asia. The main geography of Taiwan, island of Taiwan, also known as ''Formosa'', lies between the East China Sea, East and South China Seas in the northwestern Pacific Ocea ...

and

Mengjiang Mengjiang, also known as Mengkiang, officially the Mengjiang United Autonomous Government, was an autonomous zone in Inner Mongolia, formed in 1939 as a puppet state of the Empire of Japan, then from 1940 being under the nominal sovereignty ...

governments.

Names

His name Yondonwangchug, also spelled Yondonvanchig or Yunden Wangchuk, is of Tibetan origin and is transcribed into Chinese as . For short, he is referred to as Prince Yun, a translation of .

Career

Yondonwangchug was born in 1870 in what is today Darhan Muminggan United Banner. In his early years, he studied the Tibetan and Chinese languages. He became deputy head of Ulanqab League in 1896. In 1924, he established the banner's first school. In 1934, he took up the chairmanship of the Mongol Local Autonomy Political Affairs Committee under the

Nanjing Nanjing or Nanking is the capital of Jiangsu, a province in East China. The city, which is located in the southwestern corner of the province, has 11 districts, an administrative area of , and a population of 9,423,400. Situated in the Yang ...

government. However, he was frustrated by its limited authority and clashes with

Suiyuan Province Suiyuan () was a historical province of China. Suiyuan's capital was Guisui (now Hohhot). The abbreviation was (pinyin: ). The area Suiyuan covered is approximated today by the prefecture-level cities of Hohhot, Baotou, Wuhai, Ordos, Bayan ...

authorities under Fu Zuoyi. Angered by Shirabdorji's uncooperative attitude towards the committee, in October 1935 Yondonwangchug attempted to strip Shirabdorji of his titles, and sent troops to Shirabdorji's residence; Shirabdorji responded that the council had no power to order his dismissal or appoint new officials to his positions, which were, after all, hereditary. There, Yondonwangchug's forces clashed with Fu's; the Nanjing government did little to intervene. After he incident he went into virtual retirement, and formally resigned in March 1936. Endonmark

Yondonwangchug was named chairman of the pro-Japanese Mongol Military Government when it was established in April 1936. In July 1936, a newspaper account states that he was arrested on a visit to Bailingmiao and held in the military headquarters there, and charged with high treason. In October 1937 he was announced as the chairman of the new Mongol United Autonomous Government. He died in July 1938, reportedly by poisoning.

Notes

References

Bibliography

* *{{citation, last=Lin, first=Hsiao-ting, year=2006, title=Tibet and nationalist China's frontier: intrigues and ethnopolitics, 1928–49, publisher=UBC Press, isbn=978-0-7748-1301-3 1870 births 1938 deaths Chinese anti-communists Mengjiang Chinese collaborators with Imperial Japan Mongolian collaborators with Imperial Japan Mongolian nobility People from Baotou Republic of China politicians from Inner Mongolia