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Yommarat () is a
Thai noble title The Thai nobility was a social class comprising titled officials (''khunnang'', ) in the service of the monarchy. They formed part of a hierarchical social system which developed from the time of the Ayutthaya Kingdom (14th century – 1767), thro ...
historically given to the minister of the Krom Mueang or Nakhonban, one of the four ministries under the ''
chatusadom Chatusadom or Catustambha ( , literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit ''Catur'' "Four" + ''Stambha'' "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1454 ...
'' system, which was responsible for maintaining peace and order in the capital. Holders of the title were typically granted the high rank of phraya or chaophraya. The title "Yommarat" is derived from "
Yamaraja Yama (), also known as Kāla and Dharmarāja, is the Hindu god of death and justice, responsible for the dispensation of law and punishment of sinners in his abode, Naraka. He is often identified with Dharmadeva, the personification of ''Dharm ...
," the name of the Hindu god of death,
Yama Yama (), also known as Kāla and Dharmarāja, is the Hindu god of death and justice, responsible for the dispensation of law and punishment of sinners in his abode, Naraka. He is often identified with Dharmadeva, the personification of ''Dharm ...
, who is believed to govern the underworld. The term "Yommarat" is thus a reflection of the minister's role in overseeing law and order, often in a manner that could involve matters of life and death, similar to the figure of Yamaraja in traditional beliefs.


List of titleholders

Known historical holders of the title include: During the
Ayutthaya period The Ayutthaya Kingdom or the Empire of Ayutthaya was a Thai people, Thai kingdom that existed in Southeast Asia from 1351 to 1767, centered around the city of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya (city), Ayutthaya, in Siam, or present-day Thailand. Europe ...
: * Phraya Yommarat ?–1758 Joined Prince Thepphiphit in a failed rebellion against King Ekkathat in 1758, imprisoned, pardoned and released to fight the invading Burmese in
1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over th ...
and died from injury from the battle. * Phraya Yommarat 1760–1767 Led Siamese armies out to defend Ayutthaya from the invading Burmese in
1760 Events January–March * January 9 – Battle of Barari Ghat: Afghan forces defeat the Marathas. * January 22 – Seven Years' War – Battle of Wandiwash, India: British general Sir Eyre Coote is victorious over th ...
and
1765 Events January–March * January 23 – Prince Joseph of Austria marries Princess Maria Josepha of Bavaria in Vienna. * January 29 – One week before his death, Mir Jafar, who had been enthroned as the Nawab of Bengal and ...
, taken as captive to Burma at the Fall of Ayutthaya in 1767. During the
Thonburi period The Thonburi Kingdom was a major Siamese kingdom which existed in Southeast Asia from 1767 to 1782, centered around the city of Thonburi, in Siam or present-day Thailand. The kingdom was founded by Taksin, who reunited Siam following the coll ...
: #Phraya Yommarat 1767–1770, first Yommarat of Thonburi period #Phraya Yommarat (Bunma) 1770–1771, later became Prince Sura Singhanat #Phraya Yommarat (Thongduang) 1771–1774, later became
King Rama I Phutthayotfa Chulalok (born Thongduang; 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), also known by his regnal name Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (now Thailand) and the first King of Siam from the reigning Chakri dynasty. He asce ...
, founder of the
Chakri dynasty The Chakri dynasty is the current reigning dynasty of the Thailand, Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the Monarchy of Thailand, king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin era and ...
#Phraya Yommarat (Mat or Muhammad) 1775–1779, son of Chaophraya Chakri Mud, known as "Phraya Yommarat Khaek" or the "Muslim Yommarat" for his Muslim Persian-Malay ancestry, executed by the order of
King Taksin King Taksin the Great (, , ) or the King of Thonburi (, ; ; Teochew dialect, Teochew: Dên Chao; 17 April 1734 – 7 April 1782) was the only King of Thailand, king of the Thonburi Kingdom that ruled Thailand from 1767 to 1782. He had been an ar ...
in 1779. #Phraya Yommarat 1779–1782 During the Rattanakosin period #Phraya Yommarat (In) 1782–1786 Named by King
Rama I Phutthayotfa Chulalok (born Thongduang; 20 March 1737 – 7 September 1809), also known by his regnal name Rama I, was the founder of the Rattanakosin Kingdom (now Thailand) and the first King of Siam from the reigning Chakri dynasty. He asc ...
when he assumed the throne and founded the
Chakri Dynasty The Chakri dynasty is the current reigning dynasty of the Thailand, Kingdom of Thailand. The head of the house is the Monarchy of Thailand, king, who is head of state. The family has ruled Thailand since the founding of the Rattanakosin era and ...
in 1782. Stripped of the title as punishment for mistakes made in the
Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786) The Burmese–Siamese War (1785–1786), known as the Nine Armies' Wars () in Siamese history because the Burmese came in nine armies, was the first war between the Konbaung dynasty of Burma and the Siamese Rattanakosin Kingdom of the Chakri ...
. #Phraya Yommarat (Bunnag) 1786–1793 Named following the war; progenitor of
Bunnag family The Bunnag Family or House of Bunnag (; ) is a Siamese noble family of Mon people, Mon-Persian people, Persian descent influential during the late Ayutthaya kingdom and early Rattanakosin period. The family was favored by Chakri dynasty, Chakri mo ...
, later became Chaophraya Mahasena, the ''
samuhakalahom Chatusadom or Catustambha ( , literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit ''Catur'' "Four" + ''Stambha'' "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1454 ...
''. #Phraya Yommarat (Bunma) 1793–1809 Half-brother of the preceding Yommarat, later became Chaophraya Mahasena. # Chaophraya Yommarat (Noi Punyaratabandhu) 1809–1813 Served
King Rama II Phutthaloetla Naphalai (born Chim; 24 February 1767 or 1768 – 21 July 1824), also known by his regnal name Rama II, was the second King of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 1809 to 1824. In 1809, Itsarasunthon succeeded his father Ra ...
; later became
Chaophraya Aphaiphuthon Thai nobility, ''Chaophraya'' Aphaiphuthon ( ? - 1827), personal name Noi (), was the ''Samuha Nayok'' () or Prime Minister of Northern Siam from 1813 to 1827. He was a member of the Punyaratabandhu or Boonyarataphan () family. Noi was a son of ...
, the ''
samuhanayok Chatusadom or Catustambha ( , literally "Four Pillars" from Sanskrit ''Catur'' "Four" + ''Stambha'' "Pillars") was the Thai system of central executive governance during the Ayutthaya Kingdom, Thonburi Kingdom and Rattanakosin Kingdom from 1454 ...
''. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Noi Sisuriyaphaha) 1813–1827 Later became Chaophraya Mahasena under King
Rama III Nangklao (born Thap; 31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851), also known by his regnal name Rama III, was the third king of Siam from the Chakri dynasty, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851. Nangklao was the eldest surviving son of King Rama II. ...
. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Phun) 1827–? Served King Rama III. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Chim) ?–? Served King Rama III. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Bunnak) c.1838–1846 Served King Rama III; progenitor of the Yamanaga family. (''Vacant'': 1846-1851) #Chaophraya Yommarat (Suk) 1851–1852 A grandson of Prince
Inthraphithak Chao Fa Krom Khun Inthra Phithak (, ?–1782), born Chui (), was a prince of the Thonburi Kingdom. He was the son of Taksin and his spouse, Princess Batboricha. He was appointed the Front Palace or Maha Uparaj, the title of the heir. He ha ...
(son of King
Taksin King Taksin the Great (, , ) or the King of Thonburi (, ; ; Teochew: Dên Chao; 17 April 1734 – 7 April 1782) was the only king of the Thonburi Kingdom that ruled Thailand from 1767 to 1782. He had been an aristocrat in the Ayutthaya Kingdom ...
); named to the post in 1851, died 1852. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Nut Punyaratabandhu) 1853–1863 Son of
Chaophraya Aphaiphuthon Thai nobility, ''Chaophraya'' Aphaiphuthon ( ? - 1827), personal name Noi (), was the ''Samuha Nayok'' () or Prime Minister of Northern Siam from 1813 to 1827. He was a member of the Punyaratabandhu or Boonyarataphan () family. Noi was a son of ...
, later became Chaophraya Phutharaphai, the ''samuhanayok'', in 1863. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Khrut) 1864–1865 Born 1808, held the title from 1864 until his death the next year. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Kaeo) 1865–1871 Son of
Chaophraya Bodindecha ''Chao Phraya'' Bodindecha (, , 13 January 1776 – 24 June 1849), personal name Sing Sinhaseni (), was a prominent military figure of the early Rattanakosin Kingdom period during the reign of King Rama III. Bodindecha hold the post of ''Samuh ...
; born 1804, died 1871. #Chaophraya Yommarat (Choei) 1871–1881 progenitor of the Yamabhaya family. Following the death of Chaophraya Yommarat (Choei), the title was left vacant, as the government was undergoing structural reforms abolishing the ''chatusadom'' system. A committee of four officials was established to oversee its functions in the interim period, before a modern ministry was re-established, named Krasuang Nakhonban or the Ministry of Metropolitan Affairs, in 1892. Prince
Nares Varariddhi Prince Krisda Bhiniharn, the Prince Nares Varariddhi (7 May 1855 – 10 August 1925) was a Thai prince and government official who served as diplomat and held several ministerships in the newly restructured government of King Chulalongkorn (Rama ...
was named the first minister. In 1907, he was succeeded by Phraya Sukhumnaiwinit, who was named Chaophraya Yommarat (Pan Sukhum) the following year. He was the last holder of the title; the ministry was subsumed into the
Ministry of Interior An interior ministry or ministry of the interior (also called ministry of home affairs or ministry of internal affairs) is a government department that is responsible for domestic policy, public security and law enforcement. In some states, th ...
in 1922.


References

Thai titles of nobility Lists of political office-holders in Thailand {{Set index article, titles of nobility