''Yo-Yo Boing!'' (1998) is a

postmodern Postmodernism encompasses a variety of artistic, cultural, and philosophical movements that claim to mark a break from modernism. They have in common the conviction that it is no longer possible to rely upon previous ways of depicting the wo ...

novel in English, Spanish, and

Spanglish Spanglish (a blend of the words "Spanish" and "English") is any language variety (such as a contact dialect, hybrid language, pidgin, or creole language) that results from conversationally combining Spanish and English. The term is mostly u ...

by Puerto Rican author

Giannina Braschi Giannina Braschi (born February 5, 1953) is a Puerto Rican poet, novelist, dramatist, and scholar. Her notable works include '' Empire of Dreams'' (1988), '' Yo-Yo Boing!'' (1998), '' United States of Banana'' (2011), and '' Putinoika'' (2024). ...

. The

cross-genre A hybrid genre is a literary or film genre that blends themes and elements from two or more different genres. Hybrid genre works are also referred to as cross-genre, multi-genre, mixed genre, or fusion genre. Some hybrid genres have acquired thei ...

work is a structural hybrid of

poetry Poetry (from the Greek language, Greek word ''poiesis'', "making") is a form of literature, literary art that uses aesthetics, aesthetic and often rhythmic qualities of language to evoke meaning (linguistics), meanings in addition to, or in ...

political philosophy Political philosophy studies the theoretical and conceptual foundations of politics. It examines the nature, scope, and Political legitimacy, legitimacy of political institutions, such as State (polity), states. This field investigates different ...

musical Musical is the adjective of music. Musical may also refer to: * Musical theatre, a performance art that combines songs, spoken dialogue, acting and dance * Musical film Musical film is a film genre in which songs by the Character (arts), charac ...

manifesto A manifesto is a written declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party, or government. A manifesto can accept a previously published opinion or public consensus, but many prominent ...

treatise A treatise is a Formality, formal and systematic written discourse on some subject concerned with investigating or exposing the main principles of the subject and its conclusions."mwod:treatise, Treatise." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. Acc ...

memoir A memoir (; , ) is any nonfiction narrative writing based on the author's personal memories. The assertions made in the work are thus understood to be factual. While memoir has historically been defined as a subcategory of biography or autob ...

, and

drama Drama is the specific Mode (literature), mode of fiction Mimesis, represented in performance: a Play (theatre), play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on Radio drama, radio or television.Elam (1980, 98). Considered as a g ...

. The work addresses tensions between Anglo-American and Hispanic-American cultures in the United States.

Giannina Braschi

Giannina Braschi, a

National Endowment for the Arts The National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) is an independent agency of the United States federal government that offers support and funding for projects exhibiting artistic excellence. It was created in 1965 as an independent agency of the feder ...

fellow, is considered an influential and "revolutionary voice" in contemporary

Latin American literature Latin American literature consists of the oral and written literature of Latin America in several languages, particularly in Spanish, Portuguese, and the indigenous languages of Latin America. Latin American literature rose to particular pro ...

. Braschi's ''Empire of Dreams'' is a

poetry classic, first published in Spain in 1988. Her most recent work is the

postcolonial Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and extractivism, exploitation of colonized pe ...

dramatic novel '' United States of Banana'' (2011). Braschi's collective work explores the politics of empire and independence, while capturing the trials and tribulations of the Latin American immigrant in the United States. With the republication of ''United States of Banana'' and her other works in 2011, ''CARAS Magazine'' ranked Braschi in 2012 as one of the most influential Puerto Ricans of the year.

Description

''Yo-Yo Boing!'' has many examples of the linguistic phenomena of

code-switching In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. These alternations are generally intended to ...

between English and Spanish, as spoken by millions of

Latinos Hispanic and Latino Americans are Americans who have a Spanish or Latin American background, culture, or family origin. This demographic group includes all Americans who identify as Hispanic or Latino, regardless of race. According to th ...

and Hispanic-Americans in the United States and in Puerto Rico. It is the first full-length novel to use

as a high art form. The translingualism in this Latino narrative anticipated multicultural readers who could readily decode both languages in order to co-construct the storyworld.González, Christopher. Permissible Narratives: The Promise of Latino/a Literature. Ohio State University Press, 2017. Through dramatic dialogues and conversations among a nameless chorus of voices, the work treats subjects as diverse as racial, ethnic, and sexual

prejudice Prejudice can be an affect (psychology), affective feeling towards a person based on their perceived In-group and out-group, social group membership. The word is often used to refer to a preconceived (usually unfavourable) evaluation or classifi ...

discrimination Discrimination is the process of making unfair or prejudicial distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong, such as race, gender, age, class, religion, or sex ...

colonialism Colonialism is the control of another territory, natural resources and people by a foreign group. Colonizers control the political and tribal power of the colonised territory. While frequently an Imperialism, imperialist project, colonialism c ...

, Puerto Rican independence,

revolution In political science, a revolution (, 'a turn around') is a rapid, fundamental transformation of a society's class, state, ethnic or religious structures. According to sociologist Jack Goldstone, all revolutions contain "a common set of elements ...

domestic violence Domestic violence is violence that occurs in a domestic setting, such as in a marriage Marriage, also called matrimony or wedlock, is a culturally and often legally recognised union between people called spouses. It establishes r ...

, and writer's block. In the book, intellectuals and artists debate English-only laws,

ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, or religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making the society ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal such as deportation or population transfer, it ...

campaigns, and the corporate censorship. The dialogue also refers to

popular culture Popular culture (also called pop culture or mass culture) is generally recognized by members of a society as a set of cultural practice, practices, beliefs, artistic output (also known as popular art

f. pop art F is the sixth letter of the Latin alphabet. F may also refer to: Science and technology Mathematics * F or f, the number 15 (number), 15 in hexadecimal and higher positional systems * ''p'F'q'', the hypergeometric function * F-distributi ...

or mass art, sometimes contraste ...

Latin American boom The Latin American Boom () was a literary movement of the 1960s and 1970s when the work of a group of relatively young Latin American novelists became widely circulated in Europe and throughout the world. The Boom is most closely associated with ...

, films, sex, poetry, and Puerto Rican artistic expression in New York. Artists and celebrities such as

Woody Allen Heywood Allen (born Allan Stewart Konigsberg; November 30, 1935) is an American filmmaker, actor, and comedian whose career spans more than six decades. Allen has received many List of awards and nominations received by Woody Allen, accolade ...

, Almodovar,

Michael Jackson Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 – June 25, 2009) was an American singer, songwriter, dancer, and philanthropist. Dubbed the "King of Pop", he is regarded as Cultural impact of Michael Jackson, one of the most culturally significan ...

Madonna Madonna Louise Ciccone ( ; born August 16, 1958) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer, and actress. Referred to as the "Queen of Pop", she has been recognized for her continual reinvention and versatility in music production, ...

, Pavarotti,

Martin Scorsese Martin Charles Scorsese ( , ; born November17, 1942) is an American filmmaker. One of the major figures of the New Hollywood era, he has received List of awards and nominations received by Martin Scorsese, many accolades, including an Academ ...

Fellini Federico Fellini (; 20 January 1920 – 31 October 1993) was an Italian film director and screenwriter. He is known for his distinctive style, which blends fantasy and baroque images with earthiness. He is recognized as one of the greatest and ...

, Pee-Wee Herman, and Nabokov are celebrated and derided.

Reception

Marc Zimmerman qualified the reception of ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' by Latin American scholars as "a work heralded by such gurus as Jean Franco, Doris Sommer, and Diamela Eltit and seen as the most complex and experimental of US Puerto Rican fiction yet to be written."

Frederick Luis Aldama Frederick Luis Aldama is an American author, editor, and academic. He is the Jacob & Frances Sanger Mossiker Chair in the Humanities and founder and director of the Latinx Pop Lab at the University of Texas, Austin. At UT Austin is also affiliate ...

stated, "Braschi is recognized as one of today's foremost experimental Latinx authors. Braschi's vibrant, bilingually shaped creative expressions and innovation spring from her Latinidad, her Puerto Rican-ness. (In this work) we discover as much about US/Puerto Rico sociopolitical histories as we encounter the metaphysical and existential explorations of a

Cervantes Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra ( ; ; 29 September 1547 (assumed) – 22 April 1616 NS) was a Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world's pre-eminent novelists. He is best known for his no ...

, Rabelais,

Diderot Denis Diderot (; ; 5 October 171331 July 1784) was a French philosopher, art critic, and writer, best known for serving as co-founder, chief editor, and contributor to the along with Jean le Rond d'Alembert. He was a prominent figure during t ...

, Artaud, Joyce, Beckett, Stein, Borges, Cortázar, and Rosario Castellanos." In "''Yo-Yo Boing! and Its Critical Reception''," Christopher Gonzalez noted the early reviews published in English by monolingual reviewers were "at once laudatory and hesitant." ''

Publishers Weekly ''Publishers Weekly'' (''PW'') is an American weekly trade news magazine targeted at publishers, librarians, booksellers, and literary agents. Published continuously since 1872, it has carried the tagline, "The International News Magazine of ...

'' called it "a literary liberation and a frustrating challenge" and ''

Kirkus Reviews ''Kirkus Reviews'' is an American book review magazine founded in 1933 by Virginia Kirkus. The magazine's publisher, Kirkus Media, is headquartered in New York City. ''Kirkus Reviews'' confers the annual Kirkus Prize to authors of fiction, no ...

'' called it "a fractious comic novel by Braschi, a highly praised Puerto Rican poet... This in-your-face assertion of the vitality of Latino culture has many agreeable moments, but—let’s face it—how much of its potential readership will be able to understand more than half of it?" Gonzalez posits that "because Braschi owns every aspect of her story-world blueprint due to her equal mastery and fluency in Spanish and English," non-Spanish speaking reviewers considered the work "an affront." Whereas, he notes that bilingual reviewers, such as David William Foster in '' Review of Contemporary Fiction'' praised ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' for its "superb exploration for the lived experiences of Hispanics." Debra A. Castillo qualified the work's artistry in this way, “While the author may write big books in terms of the traditional expectations about the poetic genre, she is as concerned about the microlevel of her work as the most highly elaborated lyricist. Braschi’s attention to tone and rhythm, to the music of her text, is extreme.”

Harold Augenbraum Harold Augenbraum (born March 31, 1953) is an American writer, editor, and translator. He is the former Executive Director of the National Book Foundation, and former member of the Board of Trustees of the Asian American Writers Workshop, and f ...

, Ilan Stavans, Doris Sommer, Adriana Estill, Christopher Gonzalez, and other critics have used the phrase "a tour de force" to describe Yo-Yo Boing! Ilan Stavans stated in Spanglish, "I have always visto a Giannina Braschi como mi heroína. And I’m an adicto... There is something mágico in her juego de palabras, her exploration of tenses, her anxious, uncompromising bilingüismo que ni es de aquí ni es de aquí ni es de allá, ni tiene age ni porvenir, y ser feliz es su color, su identity. Braschi crea una lexicography that is and isn’t atrapada en el presente.” Stavans was among the first professors to teach Yo-Yo Boing! (Amherst 2002) and dedicate a conference to Spanglish literature (Amherst 2004). Nearly 20 years later, in 2020, ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' is now on the course syllabus for classes in Spanglish, Bilingualism, Linguistics, Latino/a Literature, Puerto Rican Studies, Nuyorican Poetry, Latin American fiction, Experimental Literature, and Avant-garde Theater and Performance.

References

* Aldama, Frederick Luis and O’Dwyer, Tess, eds. ''Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi.'' University of Pittsburgh Press. (2020) * Aldama, Frederick Luis. ''The Routledge Concise History of Latino/a Literature''. Routledge. (2013) * Allatson, Paul. "From 'Latinidad' to 'Latinid@ des': Imagining the Twenty-First Century". ''The Cambridge Companion to Latina/o American Literature''. (2016) * Breton, Dominique and Tinchant-Benrahhao, Sabine. "Traduire le spanglish à Porto Rico dans la Grande Caraïbe: le cas de ''Yo Yo Boing!'' de Giannina Braschi" (2016) * Carroll, Julia. "Spanish Affect and Its Effects: Bilingual Process in Giannina Braschi's ''Yo-Yo Boing!''" ''Leading Ladies: mujeres en la literatura hispana y en las artes''. (2006) * Callahan, L., "The role of register in Spanish-English

in prose", ''Bilingual Review/La Revista Bilingüe'', 2003. * Castillo, Debra A. "Language Games: Hinojosa-Smith, Prida, Braschi". ''Redreaming America: Toward a Bilingual American Culture''. State University of New York. (2005) * Cruz-Malavé, Arnaldo,
"Under the Skirt of Liberty: Giannina Braschi Rewrites Empire"
''Americas Quarterly''. 66(3):801–818. (2014) * D'Amore, Anna Maria. "

". ''Translating Contemporary Mexican Texts: Fidelity to Alterity''. Peter Lang. (2009) * De Mojica, Sarah González. "Sujetos híbridos en la literatura puertorriqueña: '' Daniel Santos'' y ''Yo-Yo Boing!''". Literaturas heterogéneas y créoles. ''Revista de crítica literaria latinoamericana'' 187–203. (2002) * De Mojica, Sarah González. "Literaturas heterogéneas e hibridaciones créoles: sujetos andinos y caribes". ''Cuadernos de Literatura'' 6.11. (2000) * Dessús, Virginia. "Identidad(es) postmoderna(s): ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' de Giannina Braschi." ''La Torre: Revista de la Universidad de Puerto Rico'' 6.22. (2001) * Estill, Adriana. Review of ''Yo-Yo Boing''! ''Letras Femeninas'' 25.1.224. (1999) * Foster, David William. ''Review of Contemporary Fiction'' 19.1.202. (1999) * Ghosal, Torsa. "How I Learned to Love

Experimental Fiction Experimental literature is a genre of literature that is generally "difficult to define with any sort of precision." It experiments with the conventions of literature, including boundaries of genres and styles; for example, it can be written in ...

as a Brown Girl by Seeking Out Books by Women of Color". ''Bustle''. (January 25, 2019) * Goldman, Dara Ellen. "Boricua Unbound: Diasporic Self-Fashioning in Giannina Braschi’s ''Yo-Yo Boing!''" ''Modern Language Association Convention''. (2005) * Goldstein, Dara, ''Complicating constructions: race, ethnicity, and hybridity in American texts'', AB Thacker, 2008. * González, Christopher. "Translingual Minds, Narrative Encounters: Reading Challenges in

Piri Thomas Piri Thomas (born Juan Pedro Tomas; September 30, 1928 – October 17, 2011) was an American writer and poet of Puerto Rican- Cuban descent, whose memoir '' Down These Mean Streets'' became a best-seller. Early years Thomas was born to a Puerto ...

’s '' Down These Mean Streets'' and Giannina Braschi's ''Yo-Yo Boing!''" ''Permissible Narratives: The Promise of Latino/a Literature (''on Oscar “Zeta” Acosta,

Gloria Anzaldúa Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa (September 26, 1942 – May 15, 2004) was an American scholar of Chicana feminism, cultural theory, and queer theory. She loosely based her best-known book, '' Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza'' (1987), on h ...

, Giannina Braschi,

Gilbert Hernandez Gilberto Hernández (born February 1, 1957), usually credited as Gilbert Hernandez and also by the nickname Beto (), is an American cartoonist. He is best known for his ''Palomar''/''Heartbreak Soup'' stories in ''Love and Rockets (comics), Love ...

Sandra Cisneros Sandra Cisneros (born December 20, 1954) is an American writer. She is best known for her first novel, ''The House on Mango Street'' (1984), and her subsequent short story collection, ''Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories'' (1991). Her wo ...

, and

Junot Díaz Junot Díaz ( ; born December 31, 1968) is a Dominican American writer, creative writing professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a former fiction editor at '' Boston Review''. Central to Díaz's work is the immigrant experience ...

). The Ohio State University Press. (2017) * Guzmán, Gualberto A. "Visualizing and Understanding Code-Switching", ''MMUF Journal''. Mellon/Brandeis/Harvard. (2017) * Haydée-Rivera, Carmen. "Embracing alternate discourses on migration: Giannina Braschi's and Luisita López Torregrosa's multi-dimensional literary schemes". ''Revista Umbral''. (2014) * Haydee Rivera, Carmen, "El poder de la palabra y la experiencia transnacional: una entrevista con Giannina Braschi", ''Op-Cit'': Revista del Centro de Investigaciones Históricas, Puerto Rico, 2013. * Irish, Jennifer Erin. "Radical Bodies and Voices of Difference: US Puerto Rican Women’s Humor and Excess in Erika Lopez’s ''Flaming Iguanas'' and Giannina Braschi's ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' "Strangers at Home: Re/Presenting Intersectional Identities in Contemporary Caribbean Latina Narratives." Florida State University. (2018) * "Kirkus Reviews Yo-Yo Boing!" ''Kirkus Reviews'' 66.18.1328. (9/15/1998) * Lomask, Laurie. "Los heraldos negros en contacto con Nueva York: contexto histórico, traducciones al inglés e influencia en artistas norteamericanos." ''Archivo Vallejo'' 4.4: 435-443. (2019) * Loustau, Laura R. "Nomadismos lingüísticos y culturales en ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' de Giannina Braschi". ''Revista Iberoamericana'' 71.211 (2005) * Loustau, Laura R. "Cuerpos errantes: Literatura latina y latinoamericana en Estados Unidos (

Guillermo Gómez-Peña Guillermo Gómez-Peña is a Mexican/Chicano performance artist, writer, activist, and educator. Gómez-Peña has created work in multiple media, including performance art, experimental radio, video, photography and installation art. His fifteen b ...

, Giannina Braschi, Cristina García (journalist), Luisa Valenzuela). Beatriz Viterbo Editora. (2002) 9508451181 * Mendoza de Jesus, Ronald. “Assuming a Body? Embodiment, Opacity, and Resistance in Giannina Braschi’s ''Close Up''”. Body, Institution, Memory Symposium. U of the West Indies. (2013) * Monclova, Marta S. Rivera. Discrimination, Evasion, and Livability in Four New York Puerto Rican narratives. Tufts University. (2010) * Francisco Moreno-Fernández. “''Yo-Yo Boing!'' Or Literature as a Translingual Practice”. ''Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi''. Aldama, Frederick Luis and O’Dwyer, Tess, eds. University of Pittsburgh Press. (2020) * Nesta, Nicola. "

Code-switching In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. These alternations are generally intended to ...

e identità: il caso dello

e la narrativa bilingue di Giannina Braschi." Liguori Editore. (2012) * O’Dwyer, Tess. “''Grunting and Grooming in a Room of One’s Own: On Translating Giannina Braschi’s'' Yo-Yo Boing!” ''Artful Dodge''. (1998) * Osborne, Elizabeth. "El espacio del entremedio como espacio de negociación y provocación en ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' de Giannina Braschi." (2010) * Paul, Crystal. “12 Books of Poetry by Writers of Color for a More Inclusive

National Poetry Month National Poetry Month, a celebration of poetry which takes place each April, was introduced in 1996 and is organized by the Academy of American Poets as a way to increase awareness and appreciation of poetry in the United States. The Academy of Am ...

” ''Bustle''. (April 13, 2016) * Pérez, Rolando. "The Bilingualisms of Latino/a Literatures" Ilan Stavans, ed. ''The Oxford Handbook of Latino Studies''. (2020) * Perisic, Alexandra. ''Precarious Crossings: Immigration,

Neoliberalism Neoliberalism is a political and economic ideology that advocates for free-market capitalism, which became dominant in policy-making from the late 20th century onward. The term has multiple, competing definitions, and is most often used pe ...

, and the Atlantic'' (on

Roberto Bolaño Roberto is an Italian, Portuguese and Spanish variation of the male given name Robert. Notable people named Roberto include: * Roberto (footballer, born 1912) * Roberto (footballer, born 1977) * Roberto (footballer, born 1978) * Roberto (footb ...

, Giannina Braschi,

Maryse Condé Maryse Condé (née Marise Liliane Appoline Boucolon; 11 February 1934 – 2 April 2024) was a French novelist, critic, and playwright from the French Overseas department and region of Guadeloupe. She was also an academic, whose teaching car ...

, Fatou Diome, Marie Ndiaye, and Caryl Phillips). The Ohio State University Press. (2019) * Popovich, Ljudmila Mila. "

Metafiction Metafiction is a form of fiction that emphasizes its own narrative structure in a way that inherently reminds the audience that they are reading or viewing a fictional work. Metafiction is self-conscious about language, literary form, and story ...

s, Migrations, Metalives: Narrative Innovations and Migrant Women's Aesthetics in Giannina Braschi and

Etel Adnan Etel Adnan (; 24 February 1925 – 14 November 2021) was a Lebanese-American poet, essayist, and visual artist. In 2003, Adnan was named "arguably the most celebrated and accomplished Arab American author writing today" by the academic journal '' ...

." International Journal of the Humanities. (2011) * Robles, Rojo. ''Cinegrafia: Literatura, Espectadores y Cinefilia Contemporanea en Latinoamerica''. Dissertation. City University of New York (2020) * Waldron, John V. Review of ''Estados Unidos de Banana''. Trad. Manuel Broncano. ''Feministas'' ''Unidas''. (2018) * Steinberg, Sybil S. “Book Review: Yo-Yo Boing!”

. (1998) * Singh, Deepak. “Construyendo una Identidad Propia: Estrategias de Subversión en ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' de Giannina Braschi y en ''Brick Lane'' de {{Mónica Ali.” Investigación. Uniamazonía. (2016) * Sommer, Doris and Vega-Merino, Alexandra. Introduction. "Either and." ''Yo-Yo Boing!'' Discovery Series: Latin American Literary Review Press. (1998) * Stanchich, Maritza. "Bilingual Big Bang: Giannina Braschi's Trilogy Levels the Spanish-English Playing Field". Aldama, Frederick Luis and O'Dwyer, Tess, eds.''Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi.'' U Pittsburgh. (2020) * Stanchich, Maritza. "'Borinkee' in Hawai'i." Writing Off the Hyphen: New Critical Perspectives on the Literature of the Puerto Rican Diaspora the Puerto Rican Diaspora. U Washington Press. (2008) * Stanchich, Martiza G., ''Insular interventions: diasporic Puerto Rican literature bilanguaging toward a greater Puerto Rico,'' University of California, Santa Cruz, 2003. * Stanchich, Martiza G
"Whose English is it Anyway? Giannina Braschi Levels the Bilingual Playing Field"
Modern Language Association Convention, January 5, 2013. * Stavans, Ilan. Foreword. "''Poets, Philosophers, Lovers: On the Writings of Giannina Braschi''." Aldama, Frederick Luis and O'Dwyer, Tess, eds. University of Pittsburgh Press. (2020) * Stavans, Ilan. ''

'': ''The Making of a New American Language''. Harper Collins. (2003) * Stavans, Ilan, "My Love Affair with

,'' in ''Lives in Translation: Bilingual Writers on Identity and Creativity,'' edited y Isabelle de Courtivron, Palgrave, 2003.'' * Stavans, Ilan, "Latin lingo: Spanglish is everywhere now, which is no problema for some, but a pain in the cuello for purists," ''The Boston Globe,'' September 14, 2003. * Torres, Lourdes. "In the Zone:

Code-Switching In linguistics, code-switching or language alternation occurs when a speaker alternates between two or more languages, or language varieties, in the context of a single conversation or situation. These alternations are generally intended to ...

Strategies by Latino/a writers." ''Melus'' 32.1. (2007) * Torres-Padilla, José L. "When Hybridity Doesn't Resist: Giannina Braschi's ''Yo-Yo Boing''!". ''Complicating Constructions: Race, Ethnicty, and Hybridity in American Texts.'' Goldstein, David S. and Thacker, Audrey B., eds. U Washington Press. (2007) * Valle Narciso, José María. "Las dos caras de la reivindicación social en ''Yo-Yo Boing''!" Label Me Latina/o. (2018) *O'Dwyer, Tess, "Grunting and Grooming in a Room of One's Own: On Translating Giannina Braschi's Yo-Yo Boing!", ''Artful Dodge,'' New York, August 10, 1998. *Rivera Monclova, Marta S.
''Discrimination, Evasion, and Liability in Four New York Puerto Rican Narratives"
Tufts University, 2010. *Hitchcock, Peter. "Novelization in Decolonization, or,

Postcolonialism Postcolonialism (also post-colonial theory) is the critical academic study of the cultural, political and economic consequences of colonialism and imperialism, focusing on the impact of human control and extractivism, exploitation of colonized pe ...

Reconsidered." Other Globes. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2019. 177-194. *Marting, Diane E.
"New/Nueva York in Giannina Braschi's 'Poetic Egg': Fragile Identity, Postmodernism, and Globalization"
''The

Global South Global North and Global South are terms that denote a method of grouping countries based on their defining characteristics with regard to socioeconomics and politics. According to UN Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Global South broadly com ...

,'' volume 4-1, Indiana University Press, Spring 2010. *Gonzalez Viana, Eduardo, ''Cruce de fronteras: Antología de escritores iberoamericanos en Estados Unidos,'' 2013 {{in lang, es. * Paz Soldán, Edmundo and Fuguet, Alberto, "Se habla español," Santillana USA/Alfaguara, 2000. *Von Haesondonck, Kristian, "Enchantment or Fright: Identity and Postmodern Writing in Contemporary Puerto Rico", in ''Cultural Identity and Postmodern Writing,'' edited by Theo D'haen and Pieter Vermeulen, Editions Rodopi, 2006. *Zimmerman, Marc, ''Defending Their Own in the Cold: The Cultural Turns of U.S. Puerto Ricans,'' University of Illinois, Chicago, 2011. *Torres, L. "In the contact zone: Code-switching strategies by Latino/a writers," Melus, 2007.

External links

Author bio: Library of Congress, 2012.

video "Future of the Spanish Language," Oppenheimer Presents, Miami, November 21, 2009.

video "United States of Banana," Michael Somoroff, Director, New York, September 2011.

bilingual excerpts from Yo-Yo Boing!

WAPA TV, "Escritora puertorriqueña que poco a poco se ha abierto paso en Estados Unidos" by Normando Valentín, December 2011.
"Nuyorican Power,"
program on Nuyorican culture, featuring Giannina Braschi, Produced By: Evan B. Stone & Carrie Pyle for
CURRENT TV

Latino Poetry
A la Vielle Russie
Evergreen Review 1989 American novels Hispanic and Latino American novels Spanish-language novels Latin American novels Metafictional novels Postmodern novels Puerto Rican culture in the United States Puerto Rican plays Postcolonial novels Novels set in New York City Multiculturalism in the United States Literature by Hispanic and Latino American women

Giannina Braschi

Description

Reception

References

Further reading

External links