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Yergeni (; ) is a hilly area in Russia. It is located in the southern corner of the
East European Plain The East European Plain (also called the Russian Plain, "Extending from eastern Poland through the entire European Russia to the Ural Mountains, the ''East European Plain'' encompasses all of the Baltic states and Belarus, nearly all of Ukraine, ...
, mostly in
Kalmykia Kalmykia, officially the Republic of Kalmykia,; , ''Khalmg Tanghch'' is a republic of Russia, located in the Volga region of European Russia. The republic is part of the Southern Federal District, and borders Dagestan to the south and Stavr ...
, with parts in
Volgograd Oblast Volgograd Oblast ( rus, Волгоградская область, p=vəɫɡɐˈgratskəjə ˈobɫəsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject (an oblast) of Russia, located in the Volga region, lower Volga region of Southern Russia ...
and
Rostov Oblast Rostov Oblast ( rus, Росто́вская о́бласть, r=Rostovskaya oblastʹ, p=rɐˈstofskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ) is a federal subjects of Russia, federal subject of Russia (an oblast), located in the Southern Federal District. The oblast ...
. The highest point of Kalmykia, high Shared, is located in the Yergeni hills. In Kalmykia the hills stretch from
Sarpinsky District Sarpinsky District (; , ''Sarpan rayon'') is an administrativeDecree #137 and municipalLaw #308-IV-Z district (raion), one of the thirteen in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. It is located in the north of the republic. The area of the district is ...
to the north to
Iki-Burulsky District Iki-Burulsky District (; , ''İk Buurla rayon'', ) is an administrativeDecree #137 and municipalLaw #308-IV-Z district (raion), one of the thirteen in the Republic of Kalmykia, Russia. Its administrative center is the rural locality (a settlemen ...
in the south.


History

A thorough topographic survey of the Yergeni was carried out in 1860-61 by Russian topographer Ivan Krizhin, who drew the first maps of the area. The
Volga–Don Canal Lenin Volga–Don Shipping Canal (Russian language, Russian: Волго-Донской судоходный канал имени, ''В. И. Ленина, Volga-Donskoy sudokhodniy kanal imeni V. I. Lenina'', abbreviated ВДСК, ''VDSK'') is a ...
was built across the northern part of the hill area in 1952.


Geography

The Yergeni area forms the
watershed Watershed may refer to: Hydrology * Drainage divide, the line that separates neighbouring drainage basins * Drainage basin, an area of land where surface water converges (North American usage) Music * Watershed Music Festival, an annual country ...
between the
Azov Azov (, ), previously known as Azak ( Turki/ Kypchak: ), is a town in Rostov Oblast, Russia, situated on the Don River just from the Sea of Azov, which derives its name from the town. The population is History Early settlements in the vici ...
and the
Caspian Caspian can refer to: *The Caspian Sea *The Caspian Depression, surrounding the northern part of the Caspian Sea *The Caspians, the ancient people living near the Caspian Sea *The Caspian languages spoken in northern Iran and southeastern Azerbaij ...
seas. The hills lie to the west of the lower course of the
Volga The Volga (, ) is the longest river in Europe and the longest endorheic basin river in the world. Situated in Russia, it flows through Central Russia to Southern Russia and into the Caspian Sea. The Volga has a length of , and a catchment ...
, between
Volgograd Volgograd,. formerly Tsaritsyn. (1589–1925) and Stalingrad. (1925–1961), is the largest city and the administrative centre of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. The city lies on the western bank of the Volga, covering an area of , with a population ...
to the north and the Manych Depression to the south. The eastern slopes rise abruptly from the
Caspian Lowland The Caspian Depression or the Caspian Lowland is a lowland, low-lying Plain, flatland region encompassing the northern part of the Caspian Sea, the largest enclosed body of water on Earth. It is the larger northern part of the wider Aral–Casp ...
dissected by numerous ravines, with up to to high escarpments. The western slope, on the other hand, gradually descends to the Don valley. The average elevation of the hills is about . The Sal, a left tributary of the Don, is the main river having its sources in the hills.


Flora and fauna

The climate is
semi-desert A semi-arid climate, semi-desert climate, or steppe climate is a dry climate sub-type. It is located on regions that receive precipitation below potential evapotranspiration, but not as low as a desert climate. There are different kinds of sem ...
and the hills are mostly covered with grasses and shrubs, including
feather grass Feathergrass is a common name for several plants and may refer to: *''Nassella'', a genus of bunchgrasses *''Stipa ''Stipa'' is a genus of 141 species of large Perennial plant, perennial hermaphrodite, hermaphroditic grasses collectively known ...
,
Volga fescue ''Festuca valesiaca'', the Volga fescue, is a species of flowering plant in the family Poaceae. It is native to Europe and Asia. It was introduced to North America when it was deliberately planted.Darbyshire, S. J. and L. E. Pavlick. (2007)''Fes ...
, wormwood and
saltwort Saltwort is a common name for various genera of flowering plants that thrive in salty environments, typically in coastal salt marshes and seashores, including: :*'' Salsola'' and related genera within subfamily '' Salsoloideae'' :*''Salicornia'' :* ...
, but some trees, such as willow, oak, elm, and aspen, may grow in the ravines of the eastern slopes. Some of the animals found in the hills are the
demoiselle crane The demoiselle crane (''Grus virgo'') is a species of crane found in central Eurosiberia, ranging from the Black Sea to Mongolia and Northeast China. There is also a small breeding population in Turkey. These cranes are migratory birds. Birds f ...
, the
eastern imperial eagle The eastern imperial eagle (''Aquila heliaca'') is a large bird of prey that breeds in southeastern Europe and extensively through West and Central Asia. Most populations are migratory and winter in northeastern Africa, the Middle East and South a ...
,
steppe eagle The steppe eagle (''Aquila nipalensis'') is a large bird of prey. Like all eagles, it belongs to the family Accipitridae. The steppe eagle's well-feathered legs illustrate it to be a member of the subfamily Aquilinae, also known as the "booted ...
,
red-footed falcon The red-footed falcon (''Falco vespertinus''), formerly the western red-footed falcon, is a bird of prey. It belongs to the family Falconidae, the falcons. This bird is found in eastern Europe and Asia although its numbers are dwindling rapidly ...
,
white-winged lark The white-winged lark (''Alauda leucoptera'') is a species of lark found from southern Ukraine through Kazakhstan to south-central Russia. It is partially bird migration, migratory, with birds tending to move south in winter. The southernmost bir ...
and the javelin sand boa.Reptiles of Northern Eurasia
/ref>


See also

*
Highest points of Russian Federal subjects This is a list of the highest points of the Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation. List Above 1000 m Below 1000 m See also * List of mountains and hills of Russia * List of European ultra-prominent peaks * List of Ultras of Central Asia * ...
*
List of mountains and hills of Russia This is a list of mountains and hills of Russia. List by elevation Over 5000 meters 4000 to 4999 meters 3000 to 3999 meters 2000 to 2999 meters 1000 to 1999 meters Under 1000 meters See also * Highest points of Russian Fede ...
*
Kalmyk Steppe Kalmuk Steppe, or Kalmyk Steppe is a steppe with a land area of approximately 100,000 km², bordering the northwest Caspian Sea, bounded by the Volga on the northeast, the Manych on the southwest, and the territory of the Don Cossacks on the ...


References


External links

*
Geological and geomorphological structure of the eastern foot of the Yergeni Hills (Preliminary results)
Landforms of Kalmykia Hills of Russia {{Kalmykia-geo-stub