Yefim Golyshev (), variously

transliterated Transliteration is a type of conversion of a text from one writing system, script to another that involves swapping Letter (alphabet), letters (thus ''wikt:trans-#Prefix, trans-'' + ''wikt:littera#Latin, liter-'') in predictable ways, such as ...

as ''Golyscheff'', ''Golyschev'', ''Golishiff'', ''Golishev'', etc., 8 September 1897 – 25 September 1970) was a Ukrainian-born painter and composer who was mainly active in Europe. After a successful career as a child prodigy violinist and the Reger Prize from Berlin's

Stern Conservatory The Stern Conservatory (''Stern'sches Konservatorium'') was a private music school in Berlin with many distinguished tutors and alumni. The school is now part of Berlin University of the Arts. History It was founded in 1850 as the ''Berliner Mu ...

, Golyshev became one of the founding members of the

Dadaist Dada () or Dadaism was an anti-establishment art movement that developed in 1915 in the context of the Great War and the earlier anti-art movement. Early centers for dadaism included Zürich and Berlin. Within a few years, the movement had s ...

November Group, painting "anti-art" works and creating music for kitchen utensils and various new, invented instruments. In 1933 he had to flee from the

Nazis Nazism (), formally named National Socialism (NS; , ), is the far-right politics, far-right Totalitarianism, totalitarian socio-political ideology and practices associated with Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party (NSDAP) in Germany. During H ...

, first to Portugal, then to Barcelona, where he worked as a chemist until 1938. He spent World War II in France, either in prison or hiding. Between 1956 and 1966 Golyshev, lived in São Paulo, where he influenced Brazil's Música Nova composers. He died in Paris in 1970. Golyshev the composer is notable for his only surviving composition, a string trio. This piece, subtitled ''Zwölftondauer-Komplexe'' (twelve-tone-duration complexes), was published in 1925 in Berlin, but was possibly written as early as 1914. It makes use of various 12-note and 12- duration complexes, making it one of the earliest pieces of music composed using a variant of

twelve-tone technique The twelve-tone technique—also known as dodecaphony, twelve-tone serialism, and (in British usage) twelve-note composition—is a method of musical composition. The technique is a means of ensuring that all 12 notes of the chromatic scale ...

, and predating

Olivier Messiaen Olivier Eugène Prosper Charles Messiaen (, ; ; 10 December 1908 – 27 April 1992) was a French composer, organist, and ornithology, ornithologist. One of the major composers of the 20th-century classical music, 20th century, he was also an ou ...

's work. There are five movements, four provided with titles referencing their dynamics: # ''Mezzo-forte'' (Largo) # ''Fortissimo'' (Allegro) # ''Piano'' (Andante) # ''Pianissimo'' (Allegretto) # ''Adagio'' (Adagio) The dynamics in the last movement are left to the performers to decide on. Copies of the archival score can be ordered directly from Robert Lienau, the original publishers of the work. The rest of Golyshev's compositional output, which included two

opera Opera is a form of History of theatre#European theatre, Western theatre in which music is a fundamental component and dramatic roles are taken by Singing, singers. Such a "work" (the literal translation of the Italian word "opera") is typically ...

s, romances, music for

Vsevolod Pudovkin Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin ( rus, Всеволод Илларионович Пудовкин, p=ˈfsʲevələt ɪl(ː)ərʲɪˈonəvʲɪtɕ pʊˈdofkʲɪn; 28 February 1893 – 30 June 1953) was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and acto ...

's lost film ''Igdenbu the Great Hunter'', a string quartet and other pieces, is lost. Golyshev provided illustrations for ''Sensorialité Excentrique'', the last book published by

Raoul Hausmann Raoul Hausmann (July 12, 1886 – February 1, 1971) was an Austrian artist and writer. One of the key figures in Berlin Dada, his experimental photographic collages, sound poetry, and institutional critiques would have a profound influence on ...

in 1970.

References

* * Kholopov, Y. N. 1983. ''Кто изобрёл 12-тоновую технику?'' (Kto izobrel 12-tonovuyu tekhniku, "Who invented the 12-tone technique?"), Проблемы истории австро-немецкой музыки. Первая треть XX века. Сб. трудов Института им. Гнесиных М. * Roberts, Peter Deane. 2002. ''Yefim Golyschev'', in ''Music of the Twentieth-century Avant-garde: A Biocritical Sourcebook'', edited by Larry Sitsky and Jonathan D. Kramer, pp. 173–176. Greenwood Publishing Group. , * Simon (Shaw-)Miller, 'Music and Art and the Crisis in Early Modernism: An introduction to some non-serial dodecaphonic techniques' (PhD, Essex, 1988) – also http://see-this-sound.at/en ('performance art') {{DEFAULTSORT:Golyshev, Yefim 1897 births 1970 deaths 20th-century Ukrainian classical composers Russian male artists Ukrainian Jews 20th-century Ukrainian painters 20th-century Ukrainian male artists Ukrainian male classical composers 20th-century male musicians Ukrainian male painters