Yalova S.K.
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Yalova is a market-gardening town located in northwestern
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
on the eastern coast of the
Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's E ...
. It is the seat of
Yalova Province Yalova Province () is a Provinces of Turkey, province in northwestern Turkey, on the eastern coast of the Sea of Marmara. Its adjacent provinces are Bursa Province, Bursa to the south and Kocaeli Province, Kocaeli to the east. Its area is 798  ...
and
Yalova District Yalova District (also: ''Merkez'', meaning "central" in Turkish) is a district of the Yalova Province of Turkey. Its seat is the city of Yalova.İl Belediyesi
Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 22 May 2023.
Its population is 133,109 (2022). A largely modern town, it is best known for the spa resort at nearby
Termal Termal is a town in Yalova Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Termal District.İDO İDO Istanbul Fast Ferries Co. Inc. (, meaning ''Istanbul Sea Buses'') was founded in 1987 by the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality. Originally established with a fleet of 10 seabuses built by the Kvaerner Fjellstrand shipyard of Norway, the İ ...
.


Name

The name ''Yalova'' is assumed to be a contraction of ''Yalıova''. ''Yalı'' means 'house at the coast' and ''ova'' means 'plain' in
Turkish Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The w ...
.


History


Ancient Yalova

The first settlement in the region dates back to the Prehistoric Period, in around 3000 BC. The
Hittites The Hittites () were an Anatolian peoples, Anatolian Proto-Indo-Europeans, Indo-European people who formed one of the first major civilizations of the Bronze Age in West Asia. Possibly originating from beyond the Black Sea, they settled in mo ...
ruled the region in the 21st century BC, followed by the
Phrygians The Phrygians (Greek: Φρύγες, ''Phruges'' or ''Phryges'') were an ancient Indo-European speaking people who inhabited central-western Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) in antiquity. Ancient Greek authors used "Phrygian" as an umbrella term t ...
in the 13th century BC, and then the Greeks in the archaic, classical and Hellenistic eras. The region was conquered by the
Romans Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of Roman civilization *Epistle to the Romans, shortened to Romans, a letter w ...
in 74 BC. After the fall of the Roman Empire, it became part of the Byzantine Empire. In Antiquity and for most of the Middle Ages, the town was known as Pylae or Pylai (), which is Greek for "gates" since it was positioned at the start of one of the main routes to Asia for anyone crossing the
Sea of Marmara The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's E ...
into
Bithynia Bithynia (; ) was an ancient region, kingdom and Roman province in the northwest of Asia Minor (present-day Turkey), adjoining the Sea of Marmara, the Bosporus, and the Black Sea. It bordered Mysia to the southwest, Paphlagonia to the northeast a ...
from Europe.


Middle Ages

In the
Byzantine period The Byzantine Empire, also known as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire centred on Constantinople during late antiquity and the Middle Ages. Having survived History of the Roman Empire, the events that caused the ...
the town retained some its importance due to its geographic location, and emperors frequently used it as a disembarkation point from
Constantinople Constantinople (#Names of Constantinople, see other names) was a historical city located on the Bosporus that served as the capital of the Roman Empire, Roman, Byzantine Empire, Byzantine, Latin Empire, Latin, and Ottoman Empire, Ottoman empire ...
. Thus Emperor
Heraclius Heraclius (; 11 February 641) was Byzantine emperor from 610 to 641. His rise to power began in 608, when he and his father, Heraclius the Elder, the Exarch of Africa, led a revolt against the unpopular emperor Phocas. Heraclius's reign was ...
landed here in 622, at the beginning of his counter-offensive against the Persians, and
Romanos IV Diogenes Romanos IV Diogenes (; – ) was Byzantine emperor from 1068 to 1071. Determined to halt the decline of the Byzantine military and to stop Turkish incursions into the empire, he is nevertheless best known for his defeat and capture in 1071 at ...
did the same in 1071, on his way to the
Battle of Manzikert The Battle of Manzikert or Malazgirt was fought between the Byzantine Empire and the Seljuk Empire on 26 August 1071 near Manzikert, Iberia (theme), Iberia (modern Malazgirt in Muş Province, Turkey). The decisive defeat of the Byzantine army ...
. In the 9th century, the town was also the site of one of the beacons that transmitted news from the frontier with the
Abbasid Caliphate The Abbasid Caliphate or Abbasid Empire (; ) was the third caliphate to succeed the Islamic prophet Muhammad. It was founded by a dynasty descended from Muhammad's uncle, Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib (566–653 CE), from whom the dynasty takes ...
, and contained an imperial hostel for travellers. In the late 10th century, however,
Leo of Synada Leo of Synnada (Greek: Λεών Σύνναδας; – after 1003) was a Byzantine cleric, diplomat and writer of the late 10th century. Life Origin and family Leo was born in , likely in 937.. Leo and his life are known only through his letters, ...
described Pylae as little more than a village, where cattle, horses, pigs and other animals were gathered to be shipped to Constantinople. After their victory at Manzikert, the town and surrounding district were raided by the
Seljuk Turks The Seljuk dynasty, or Seljukids ( ; , ''Saljuqian'',) alternatively spelled as Saljuqids or Seljuk Turks, was an Oghuz Turks, Oghuz Turkic, Sunni Muslim dynasty that gradually became Persianate society, Persianate and contributed to Turco-Persi ...
but soon recovered. In 1147 Greek refugees from
Phrygia In classical antiquity, Phrygia ( ; , ''Phrygía'') was a kingdom in the west-central part of Anatolia, in what is now Asian Turkey, centered on the Sangarios River. Stories of the heroic age of Greek mythology tell of several legendary Ph ...
were settled here. In a 1199 charter of privileges granted to
Venetian Venetian often means from or related to: * Venice, a city in Italy * Veneto, a region of Italy * Republic of Venice (697–1797), a historical nation in that area Venetians might refer to: * Masters of Venetian painting in 15th-16th centuries * ...
merchants, it is listed as a separate fiscal district (''
episkepsi Episkepsi () is a village and a community in the northern part of the island of Corfu, Greece. It is part of the municipal unit of Thinali. The community includes the village Agios Stefanos. Population See also *List of settlements in the Corf ...
'') along with neighbouring
Pythia Therma Pythia (; ) was the title of the high priestess of the Temple of Apollo at Delphi. She specifically served as its oracle and was known as the Oracle of Delphi. Her title was also historically glossed in English as the Pythoness. The Pythia ...
, and it was a separate province by the time of the
Fourth Crusade The Fourth Crusade (1202–1204) was a Latin Christian armed expedition called by Pope Innocent III. The stated intent of the expedition was to recapture the Muslim-controlled city of Jerusalem, by first defeating the powerful Egyptian Ayyubid S ...
(1204). Following the
fall of Constantinople The Fall of Constantinople, also known as the Conquest of Constantinople, was the capture of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Empire. The city was captured on 29 May 1453 as part of the culmination of a 55-da ...
to the Crusaders, Pylae formed part of the
Empire of Nicaea The Empire of Nicaea (), also known as the Nicene Empire, was the largest of the three Byzantine Greeks, Byzantine Greek''A Short history of Greece from early times to 1964'' by Walter Abel Heurtley, W. A. Heurtley, H. C. Darby, C. W. Crawley, C ...
, and served as the main port for
Nicaea Nicaea (also spelled Nicæa or Nicea, ; ), also known as Nikaia (, Attic: , Koine: ), was an ancient Greek city in the north-western Anatolian region of Bithynia. It was the site of the First and Second Councils of Nicaea (the first and seve ...
itself. Pylae remained in Byzantine hands until ca. 1302, when Turkish attacks intensitied, forcing much of the population to abandon it and seek refuge in the
Princes' Islands The Princes' Islands (; the word "princes" is plural, because the name means "Islands of the Princes", , ''Pringiponisia''), officially just Adalar (); alternatively the Princes' Archipelago; is an archipelago off the coast of Istanbul, Turkey, ...
.


Ottoman and Republican eras

Shortly afterwards, Yalova was incorporated into the territory of the
Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire (), also called the Turkish Empire, was an empire, imperial realm that controlled much of Southeast Europe, West Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th centuries; it also controlled parts of southeastern Centr ...
under the leadership of
Orhan Orhan Ghazi (; , also spelled Orkhan; died 1362) was the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1323/4 to 1362. He was born in Söğüt, as the son of Osman I. In the early stages of his reign, Orhan focused his energies on conquering mos ...
. It became part of the
Sanjak of Kocaeli The Sanjak of Kocaeli was a second-level Ottoman province ('' sanjak'' or '' liva'') with capital at Iznikmid/Izmid (Byzantine Nicomedia, modern Izmit). History Kocaeli derives its name from Akça Khodja, an Ottoman Turkish warleader who be ...
and was known successively as "Yalakabad" and "Yalıova". Since the second half of the 19th century, a large number of Avar immigrants from
Dagestan Dagestan ( ; ; ), officially the Republic of Dagestan, is a republic of Russia situated in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe, along the Caspian Sea. It is located north of the Greater Caucasus, and is a part of the North Caucasian Fede ...
moved into the town. According to the Ottoman population statistics of 1914, the
kaza A kaza (, "judgment" or "jurisdiction") was an administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire, administrative division of the Ottoman Empire. It is also discussed in English under the names district, subdistrict, and juridical district. Kazas co ...
of Yalova had a total population of 21,532, consisting of 10,274
Greeks Greeks or Hellenes (; , ) are an ethnic group and nation native to Greece, Greek Cypriots, Cyprus, Greeks in Albania, southern Albania, Greeks in Turkey#History, Anatolia, parts of Greeks in Italy, Italy and Egyptian Greeks, Egypt, and to a l ...
, 7,954
Turks Turk or Turks may refer to: Communities and ethnic groups * Turkish people, or the Turks, a Turkic ethnic group and nation * Turkish citizen, a citizen of the Republic of Turkey * Turkic peoples, a collection of ethnic groups who speak Turkic lang ...
and 3,304
Armenians Armenians (, ) are an ethnic group indigenous to the Armenian highlands of West Asia.Robert Hewsen, Hewsen, Robert H. "The Geography of Armenia" in ''The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times Volume I: The Dynastic Periods: From Antiq ...
. On September 5, 1920, the city was captured by the
Greek Army The Hellenic Army (, sometimes abbreviated as ΕΣ), formed in 1828, is the land force of Greece. The term '' Hellenic'' is the endogenous synonym for ''Greek''. The Hellenic Army is the largest of the three branches of the Hellenic Armed F ...
during the Greco-Turkish war, itself a part of the
Turkish War of Independence , strength1 = May 1919: 35,000November 1920: 86,000Turkish General Staff, ''Türk İstiklal Harbinde Batı Cephesi'', Edition II, Part 2, Ankara 1999, p. 225August 1922: 271,000Celâl Erikan, Rıdvan Akın: ''Kurtuluş Savaşı tarih ...
. During the occupation by Greek forces, local Turkish and non-Turkish
Muslim Muslims () are people who adhere to Islam, a Monotheism, monotheistic religion belonging to the Abrahamic religions, Abrahamic tradition. They consider the Quran, the foundational religious text of Islam, to be the verbatim word of the God ...
population were subjected to the Yalova Peninsula genocide. The Greeks and local collaborators terrorized the region and destroyed numerous villages, killing around 300 to 6,000 Muslim civilians. The massacres against the Muslim population ended when the
Turkish Army The Turkish Land Forces () is the main branch of the Turkish Armed Forces responsible for Army, land-based military operations. The army was formed on November 8, 1920, after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire. Significant campaigns since the ...
recaptured Yalova on July 19, 1921.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk ( 1881 – 10 November 1938) was a Turkish field marshal and revolutionary statesman who was the founding father of the Republic of Turkey, serving as its first President of Turkey, president from 1923 until Death an ...
occasionally lived in Yalova in his later years, claiming in one of his speeches that “Yalova is my city.” Yalova was initially the centre for the
Karamürsel Karamürsel is a municipality and Districts of Turkey, district of Kocaeli Province, Turkey. Its area is 262 km2, and its population is 59,676 (2022). It is on the south coast of the Gulf of İzmit. Before its conquest by the Ottoman Empire, ...
district of
Kocaeli Province Kocaeli Province (, ) is a Provinces of Turkey, province and Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey, metropolitan municipality of Turkey and one of only three not to have the same official name as its capital, İzmit, which is thus also sometim ...
. In 1930 it became a district centre in
Istanbul province Istanbul is the List of largest cities and towns in Turkey, largest city in Turkey, constituting the country's economic, cultural, and historical heart. With Demographics of Istanbul, a population over , it is home to 18% of the Demographics ...
after joining two villages from
Orhangazi Orhangazi is a municipality and district of Bursa Province, Turkey. Its area is 506 km2, and its population is 81,110 (2022). Olive production is a major part of the economy. The archeological digs of Ilıpınar Höyüğü are in the region ...
. Finally in 1995 it became a provincial capital.


Attractions


In Yalova town

In the town itself the only significant attraction is the so-called Yürüyen Köşkü (Walking Pavilon), a pretty waterside villa which was used by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the modern
Turkey Turkey, officially the Republic of Türkiye, is a country mainly located in Anatolia in West Asia, with a relatively small part called East Thrace in Southeast Europe. It borders the Black Sea to the north; Georgia (country), Georgia, Armen ...
, during his visits. It takes its name from the fact that Atatürk preferred to have it dismantled and moved slightly rather than cut down a tree that was impeding the view as its grew. The
Yalova Earthquake Monument The Yalova Earthquake Monument (), aka 17 August 1999 Earthquake Monument (), is a monument to commemorate the victims of the 1999 İzmit earthquake in Yalova, Turkey. Situated in the 17 August Memorial Park in Yalova, it was opened at the first ...
in the 17 August Park on the coast of
Marmara Sea The Sea of Marmara, also known as the Sea of Marmora or the Marmara Sea, is a small inland sea entirely within the borders of Turkey. It links the Black Sea and the Aegean Sea via the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits, separating Turkey's E ...
commemorates the thousands of lives lost in August 1999 when a huge earthquake devastated the north-west corner of Turkey which included Yalova.


In Termal

Yalova is best known for the
hot springs A hot spring, hydrothermal spring, or geothermal spring is a Spring (hydrology), spring produced by the emergence of Geothermal activity, geothermally heated groundwater onto the surface of the Earth. The groundwater is heated either by shallow ...
in the
Termal Termal is a town in Yalova Province in the Marmara region of Turkey. It is the seat of Termal District.thermae In ancient Rome, (from Greek , "hot") and (from Greek ) were facilities for bathing. usually refers to the large Roman Empire, imperial public bath, bath complexes, while were smaller-scale facilities, public or private, that existed i ...
'' (') 'warm'. There appears to have been some sort of spa resort here since Byzantine times and the 17th-century travel writer
Evliya Çelebi Dervish Mehmed Zillî (25 March 1611 – 1682), known as Evliya Çelebi (), was an Ottoman Empire, Ottoman explorer who travelled through his home country during its cultural zenith as well as neighboring lands. He travelled for over 40 years, rec ...
reported the existence of the Kurşunlu Banyo (Leaded Bath) at the time of his visit. The resort was expanded during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamid II and again during Atatürk's day. Also in Termal is the Atatürk Arboretum which is said to contain 1800 different species of plant. It was commissioned by Atatürk in 1929 and was the first arboretum in the country. A summer-house used by Atatürk is also open to the public in the grounds.


Sport

Yalovaspor BK Yalovaspor BK, is a Turkish professional basketball club based in Yalova, which currently competes in the Basketbol Süper Ligi (BSL). The team was founded in 1998 and got promoted to the top division in 2021. Their home arena is ''90. Yıl Spor ...
is a
basketball Basketball is a team sport in which two teams, most commonly of five players each, opposing one another on a rectangular Basketball court, court, compete with the primary objective of #Shooting, shooting a basketball (ball), basketball (appro ...
club that represents Yalova in the
Turkish Super League Turkish may refer to: * Something related to Turkey ** Turkish language *** Turkish alphabet ** Turkish people, a Turkic ethnic group and nation *** Turkish citizen, a citizen of Turkey *** Turkish communities in the former Ottoman Empire * The ...
. The local
football Football is a family of team sports that involve, to varying degrees, kick (football), kicking a football (ball), ball to score a goal (sports), goal. Unqualified, football (word), the word ''football'' generally means the form of football t ...
team is
Yalovaspor Yalovaspor is an association football club located in the northwestern town of Yalova, Turkey, playing in the Turkish Regional Amateur League. History The club was relegated to the Third League after losing to Fatih Karagümrük 4–1 in an ...
, which plays in the
Turkish Regional Amateur League The Turkish Regional Amateur League () is the fifth tier of the Turkish football league system. The tier comprises a number (usually 10-13, varies by season) of groups across Turkey, each consisting of teams grouped according to the regions in ...
.


Climate

Yalova has a
Mediterranean climate A Mediterranean climate ( ), also called a dry summer climate, described by Köppen and Trewartha as ''Cs'', is a temperate climate type that occurs in the lower mid-latitudes (normally 30 to 44 north and south latitude). Such climates typic ...
(
Köppen Köppen is a German surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Bernd Köppen (1951–2014), German pianist and composer * Carl Köppen (1833-1907), German military advisor in Meiji era Japan * Edlef Köppen (1893–1939), German author ...
: ''Csa,''
Trewartha Glenn Thomas Trewartha (1896 – 1984) was an American geographer of Cornish American descent. He graduated from the University of Wisconsin–Madison, with a Ph.D. in 1924. He taught at the University of Wisconsin. He gave an address to th ...
: ''Cs''), with cool, wet winters and hot, relatively dry summers. Highest recorded temperature: on 27 June 2007
Lowest recorded temperature: on 22 February 1985


International relations

Yalova is twinned with: *
Batumi Batumi (; ka, ბათუმი ), historically Batum or Batoum, is the List of cities and towns in Georgia (country), second-largest city of Georgia (country), Georgia and the capital of the Autonomous Republic of Adjara, located on the coast ...
, Georgia *
Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi (, ; ; ), historically known as Aq Kirmān () or by other names, is a port city in Odesa Oblast, southwestern Ukraine. It is situated on the right bank of the Dniester Estuary leading to the Black Sea, in the historical r ...
, Ukraine *
Budva Budva (Cyrillic script, Cyrillic: Будва, or ) is a town in the Coastal Montenegro, Coastal region of Montenegro. It had 27,445 inhabitants as of 2023, and is the centre of Budva Municipality. The coastal area around Budva, called the Budv ...
, Montenegro *
Khasavyurt Khasavyurt is a types of inhabited localities in Russia, city in Dagestan, Russia. Population: History It was founded in 1846 and granted town status in 1931. During the Russian Empire, the settlement was the administrative capital of the Khas ...
, Russia *
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, Greece *
Kyrenia Kyrenia is a city on the northern coast of Cyprus, noted for its historic harbour and castle. It is under the '' de facto'' control of Northern Cyprus. While there is evidence showing that the wider region of Kyrenia has been populated before, ...
, Cyprus *
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, Cyprus *
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, Russia *
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, Romania *
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, Serbia *
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, North Macedonia *
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, China *
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, Kosova *
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, Germany *
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, Bulgaria *
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, South Korea *
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, Japan *
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, Bosnia and Herzegovina *
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, Croatia


Notable natives

*
Sarkis Minassian Sarkis Minassian (1873–1915), also known as Aram Ashod, was an Armenian journalist, writer, political activist, and educator. He became the chief editor of the newspaper ''Hairenik'' in Watertown, Massachusetts. After returning to the Ottoman Em ...
– Armenian journalist, killed in the
Armenian genocide The Armenian genocide was the systematic destruction of the Armenians, Armenian people and identity in the Ottoman Empire during World War I. Spearheaded by the ruling Committee of Union and Progress (CUP), it was implemented primarily t ...
*
Muharrem İnce Muharrem İnce (; born 4 May 1964) is a Turkish physics teacher, school principal, sport executive, and politician. He is the founder and the incumbent leader of the Homeland Party since May 2021. Formerly a four term Republican People's Party ...
– Turkish politician *
İzel İzel is a rare feminine Turkish name, Turkish given name. In Nahuatl, Izel means "only one", "unique". People * İzel Çeliköz, Turkish Pop music, pop singer. * İzel Hara, a Turkish radio comedy, radio comedian in ''Number 1 FM'' (:tr:Number 1 ...
– Turkish singer *
Mehmet Okur Mehmet Murat Okur (born 26 May 1979) is a Turkish former professional basketball player. Listed at , he played as a power forward and center. Okur is known for his three-point shooting and ability to space the floor. In his seven seasons with t ...
– Turkish
NBA The National Basketball Association (NBA) is a professional basketball league in North America composed of 30 teams (29 in the United States and 1 in Canada). The NBA is one of the major professional sports leagues in the United States and Ca ...
basketball player *
Şebnem Ferah Şebnem Ferah (born 12 April 1972) is a Turkish singer, songwriter, composer, and guitarist. She was the lead vocalist of the all-female hard rock band Volvox until 1994, after which she went on to pursue an illustrious solo career. Her music s ...
– Turkish singer *
Vefa Salman Vefa Salman (born 1 January 1965) is a Turkish politician who is the incumbent Mayor of Yalova since 1 June 2014. Originally elected in the local elections held on 30 March 2014, the results in Yalova were invalidated by the Supreme Electoral Coun ...
– Turkish politician *
Barbaros Binicioglu Hayreddin Barbarossa (, original name: Khiḍr; ), also known as Hayreddin Pasha, Hızır Hayrettin Pasha, and simply Hızır Reis (c. 1466/1483 – 4 July 1546), was an Ottoman corsair and later admiral of the Ottoman Navy. Barbarossa's n ...
- Turkish politician


References and notes


External links


Yalova photographs

Yalova / INFO

Visit Yalova

Yalova Fotograf Amatörleri Dernegi YAFOD Yalova photographs

Yalova Hotels Guide
{{Authority control Port cities of the Sea of Marmara Seaside resorts in Turkey Fishing communities in Turkey Populated places in Yalova Province Yalova District Provincial municipalities in Turkey