Xie Juezai (; 1884–1971), also known by his

courtesy name A courtesy name ( zh, s=字, p=zì, l=character), also known as a style name, is an additional name bestowed upon individuals at adulthood, complementing their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particula ...

Huannan and his alias Juezhai, was a Chinese

politician A politician is a person who participates in Public policy, policy-making processes, usually holding an elective position in government. Politicians represent the people, make decisions, and influence the formulation of public policy. The roles ...

activist Activism consists of efforts to promote, impede, direct or intervene in social, political, economic or environmental reform with the desire to make changes in society toward a perceived common good. Forms of activism range from mandate build ...

, and

educator A teacher, also called a schoolteacher or formally an educator, is a person who helps students to acquire knowledge, competence, or virtue, via the practice of teaching. ''Informally'' the role of teacher may be taken on by anyone (e.g. w ...

who played an important role in the development of China's legal field. His main works are collected in "The Collected Works of Xie Juezai".

Biography

In his early years, he taught at Hunan Provincial First Normal School. From 1918 to 1919, under the influence of progressive ideology, he actively participated in the

May Fourth Movement The May Fourth Movement was a Chinese cultural and anti-imperialist political movement which grew out of student protests in Beijing on May 4, 1919. Students gathered in front of Tiananmen to protest the Chinese government's weak response ...

and founded the "Ningxiang Xunkan". In August 1920, he served as

editor-in-chief An editor-in-chief (EIC), also known as lead editor or chief editor, is a publication's editorial leader who has final responsibility for its operations and policies. The editor-in-chief heads all departments of the organization and is held accoun ...

Hunan Hunan is an inland Provinces of China, province in Central China. Located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze watershed, it borders the Administrative divisions of China, province-level divisions of Hubei to the north, Jiangxi to the east, Gu ...

Popular News. In January 1921, he joined the Xinmin Society founded by

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong pronounced ; traditionally Romanization of Chinese, romanised as Mao Tse-tung. (26December 18939September 1976) was a Chinese politician, revolutionary, and political theorist who founded the People's Republic of China (PRC) in ...

and others. In 1923, he joined the Chinese

Kuomintang The Kuomintang (KMT) is a major political party in the Republic of China (Taiwan). It was the one party state, sole ruling party of the country Republic of China (1912-1949), during its rule from 1927 to 1949 in Mainland China until Retreat ...

. In 1925, he joined the

Chinese Communist Party The Communist Party of China (CPC), also translated into English as Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the founding and One-party state, sole ruling party of the People's Republic of China (PRC). Founded in 1921, the CCP emerged victorious in the ...

(CCP), and in early 1926, he served as editor-in-chief of the Communist Party's publication "Hunan Bimonthly". In the summer of the same year, he served as editor of "Hunan Daily" and editor-in-chief of "Hunan People's Daily". In the same year, he was elected as the executive member of the provincial party department at the second Kuomintang Hunan Provincial Party Congress, and served as the Minister of the Workers' Department. In 1927, he organized a party school in the name of the Kuomintang Provincial Party Department and served as the principal. In March 1928, he went to

Shanghai Shanghai, Shanghainese: , Standard Chinese pronunciation: is a direct-administered municipality and the most populous urban area in China. The city is located on the Chinese shoreline on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the ...

to edit the Red Flag, a publication of the

Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party The Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, officially the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, is the Central committee, highest organ when the National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, national congress is not ...

. In 1930, he was in charge of the organization and leadership of Shanghai Poster, founded by the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. In the autumn of 1931, he entered the revolutionary base in western Hunan and

Hubei Hubei is a province of China, province in Central China. It has the List of Chinese provincial-level divisions by GDP, seventh-largest economy among Chinese provinces, the second-largest within Central China, and the third-largest among inland ...

, and served as

secretary-general Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, Power (social and political), power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the org ...

of the Western Hunan-Hubei Provincial Party Committee, deputy minister of the Ministry of Culture, and editor-in-chief of "Workers and Peasants Daily". Later, he was transferred to the Education Director of the Party School of the Provincial Party Committee. In 1933, he entered the Central Soviet Area and served as secretary of the Provisional Central Government of the

Chinese Soviet Republic The Chinese Soviet Republic (CSR) was a state within China, proclaimed on 7 November 1931 by Chinese Communist Party (CCP) leaders Mao Zedong and Zhu De in the early stages of the Chinese Civil War. The discontiguous territories of the CSR incl ...

and Mao Zedong. In January 1934, he served as secretary-general and minister of interior affairs of the Central Workers' and Peasants' Democratic Government, as well as secretary of the Party branch of the central government agency. In October of the same year, he participated in the

Long March The Long March ( zh, s=长征, p=Chángzhēng, l=Long Expedition) was a military retreat by the Chinese Red Army and Chinese Communist Party (CCP) from advancing Kuomintang forces during the Chinese Civil War, occurring between October 1934 and ...

. After arriving in

northern Shaanxi Northern Shaanxi or Shaanbei () is the portion of China's Shaanxi province north of the Huanglong Mountain and the Meridian Ridge (the so-called "Guanzhong north mountains"), and is both a geographic as well as a cultural area. It makes up the so ...

in 1935, he served as Minister of Internal Affairs and Secretary General of the Central Workers' and Peasants' Democratic Government. At the beginning of 1937, he served as Attorney General and Acting President of the Supreme Court and Chairman of the Audit Committee. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, he served as the representative of the Eighth Route Army Office of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party in

Lanzhou Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu province in northwestern China. Located on the banks of the Yellow River, it is a key regional transportation hub, connecting areas further west by rail to the eastern half of the country. His ...

. In 1939, he was appointed vice president of the Central Party School of the Chinese Communist Party. In 1940, he served as deputy secretary of the Central Bureau of the

Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region The Yan'an Soviet was a soviet governed by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) during the 1930s and 1940s. In October 1936 it became the final destination of the Long March, and served as the CCP's main base until after the Second Sino-Japanese War ...

of the CCP. In 1942, he served as the vice-chairman of the Senate of the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. In June 1946, he was appointed chairman of the Legal Issues Research Committee of the Central Committee of the CCP. In 1948, he served as a member of the North China People's Government and Minister of Justice. In September 1949, he participated in the

first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference The first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was held from September 21 to 30, 1949 at the Huairen Hall in Zhongnanhai, Beijing. The meeting prepared the founding of the People's Republic of China. Backgroun ...

. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served successively as Minister of Internal Affairs of the Central People's Government, member of the Legislative Affairs Committee of the Central People's Government, member of the Political and Legal Committee of the Government Affairs Council, and Vice President of the New Law Research Institute. In September 1956, he was elected as an alternate member of the Central Committee at the 8th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party. In April 1959, he was appointed

president of the Supreme People's Court The president of the Supreme People's Court is the head of the Supreme People's Court and is the highest-ranking official in the Chinese judiciary. Under the current constitution, the president of the SPC is appointed by and serves at the pleasu ...

. From December 1964 to 1971, he served as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. In May 1966, he was appointed a member of the Central Committee at the Eleventh Plenary Session of the Eighth Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party.

Personal life

He has a son named Xie Fei who is a film director.

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Xie, Juezai 1884 births 1971 deaths 20th-century Chinese judges Burials at Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery Delegates to the 7th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party People from Ningxiang People's Republic of China politicians from Hunan Politicians from Changsha Presidents of the Supreme People's Court Secretaries to Mao Zedong Vice chairpersons of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Alternates of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the 8th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Members of the 9th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party