Xicotencatl I

Xicotencatl I or Xicotencatl the Elder (c. 11 House (1425) – c. 4 Rabbit (1522)) was a long-lived '' teuctli'' (elected official) of Tizatlan, a Nahua ''altepetl'' (city-state) within the Confederacy of Tlaxcala, in what is now Mexico. He was instrumental in allying the Tlaxcaltecs with the Spanish to overthrow the Aztec Empire, after which he converted to Christianity under the name of Lorenzo Xicotencatl or Don Lorenzo de Vargas.

Etymology

His Nahuatl name, pronounced , is sometimes spelled Xicohtencatl.

Early life

At the time of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire he was very old and of poor health. He was instrumental in aligning the Tlaxcala with Hernán Cortés' Spaniards.Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, Tlaxcalan historian Diego Muñoz Camargo wrote of him that he was more than 120 years old and that he could only see Cortés if he had someone lift his eyelids for him. He also writes that he had more than 500 wives and concubines and consequently a large number of children, including Xicotencatl II and the wife of Jorge de Alvarado - Doña Lucía.

Conquest of the Aztec Empire

The arrival of Hernán Cortés and the Spaniards divided the Tlaxcaltec senate. Chronicler Francisco Cervantes de Salazar records that while Maxixcatl was open to allying with the Spanish, Xicotencatl's son Xicotencatl II was skeptical, holding their presence as too dangerous:Cervantes de Salazar, Francisco, 1563, Crónica de la Nueva España,

After this speech, members of the council were divided on how to proceed, and Temilotecatl suggested a synthesized plan of allowing Xicotencatl II and some Otomi troops to ambush Cortés, the outcome of the attack to determine the course of action. After the Tlaxcaltecs were defeated, Tlaxcala accepted to ally with Cortés. Bernal Castillo records Xicohtencatl I's speech on the matter:

The Tlaxcaltec handed over 300 slave women, which were freed, baptized and assigned by Cortés as handmaidens for his concubine and advisor La Malinche. After learning the women were well treated, the lords of Tlaxcala married off five of their own daughters to the Spanish. Xicotencatl's daughter Tecuelhuetzin married Pedro de Alvarado, being baptized as María Luisa Xicohténcatl.Muñoz Camargo, Diego, volume II, chapter IV and V
text in Spanish
/ref>

Díaz del Castillo recounts when Xicotencatl the Younger plotted to seize Chichimecatecuhtli's lands in Tlaxcala during his absence during the Siege of Tenochtitlan, Xicontencatl I told Cortés that "his son was wicked and he would not vouch for him, and begging Cortés to kill him." This Cortés ordered and Xicotencatl II was hanged. The Tlaxcaltec-Spanish alliance succeeded in overthrowing the Aztec Empire in 1521, and Xicotencatl passed away the following year.

After the conquest

After Spanish control over Tenochtitlan was established, Xicohtencatl resumed. By his petition, one of his sons was sent with two other Tlaxcaltec noblemen as an embassy to King Charles I of Spain in Europe. He died in 1522. Following his death, noblemen from the rival Tlaxcallan city-state of Ocotelolco took control of the confederacy.

His daughter María Luisa gave birth to Pedro de Alvarado's children, Pedro and Leonor Alvarado Xicohténcatl. His great-grandson Captain Don Joaquin Buenaventura de la Paz was the founder of the Tlaxcalan settlement of San Esteban de Nueva Tlaxcala near Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico in the year 1591.

Poetry

One song or poem attributed to Xicotencatl is known. It is recorded in the '' Cantares mexicanos'' (fols. 57v.–58r.), a collection of Nahuatl songs probably compiled in the last third of the 16th century for Bernardino de Sahagún,León-Portilla (1992): pp. 25–26. and concerns the flower wars conducted between Tlaxcala and the states of the Aztec Triple Alliance.

See also

*Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire
* Xicotencatl II

Notes

References

*

1420s births
1520s deaths
Longevity myths
Tlatoque
Nahuatl-language poets
Tlaxcaltec nobility

{{Mexico-bio-stub