Xiahou Wei (first half of 3rd century),

courtesy name A courtesy name ( zh, s=字, p=zì, l=character), also known as a style name, is an additional name bestowed upon individuals at adulthood, complementing their given name. This tradition is prevalent in the East Asian cultural sphere, particula ...

Jiquan, was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of

Cao Wei Wei () was one of the major Dynasties in Chinese history, dynastic states in China during the Three Kingdoms period. The state was established in 220 by Cao Pi based upon the foundations laid by his father Cao Cao during the end of the Han dy ...

during the

Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu dominated China from AD 220 to 280 following the end of the Han dynasty. This period was preceded by the Eastern Han dynasty and followed by the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dyna ...

period of China. He was the fourth son of

Xiahou Yuan Xiahou Yuan () (died February 219), courtesy name Miaocai, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He is known for his exploits in western China (in parts of prese ...

and a maternal great-grandfather of Emperor Yuan of the

Eastern Jin dynasty Eastern or Easterns may refer to: Transportation Airlines *China Eastern Airlines, a current Chinese airline based in Shanghai * Eastern Air, former name of Zambia Skyways *Eastern Air Lines, a defunct American airline that operated from 192 ...

, being the grandfather of Emperor Yuan's mother Xiahou Guangji.

Life

Xiahou Wei was the fourth son of

, a general who served under

Cao Cao Cao Cao (; ; ; 15 March 220), courtesy name Mengde, was a Chinese statesman, warlord, and poet who rose to power during the end of the Han dynasty (), ultimately taking effective control of the Han central government. He laid the foundation f ...

, the warlord who laid the foundation for the

state in the late

Eastern Han dynasty The Han dynasty was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty of China (202 BC9 AD, 25–220 AD) established by Liu Bang and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–206 BC ...

before the

period. His mother, whose maiden family name was Ding (丁), was a younger sister of Cao Cao's first wife. Xiahou Wei was close friends with Cao Cao's sons, including

Cao Pi Cao Pi () (late 187 – 29 June 226), courtesy name Zihuan, was the first emperor of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Cao Cao, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty, but the ...

and

Cao Zhi Cao Zhi (; ; 192 – 27 December 232), courtesy name Zijian (), posthumously known as Prince Si of Chen (陈思王), was a prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China, and an accomplished poet in his time. His style o ...

. He also knew

Yang Hu Yang Hu (羊祜, 221 – 27 December 278), courtesy name Shuzi, was a Chinese military general and politician who lived during the Jin dynasty of China. His advocacy for plans to conquer the rival state of Eastern Wu finally persuaded Emperor ...

since young and felt that he was an extraordinary talent, so he advised his second brother

Xiahou Ba Xiahou Ba (died 255–259), courtesy name Zhongquan, was a Chinese military general of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the second son of Xiahou Yuan, a prominent general who served under Cao Cao, the warlord w ...

to arrange a marriage between Yang Hu and Xiahou Ba's daughter. Yang Hu later became a famous general in the late Three Kingdoms period and the

Jin dynasty (266–420) The Jin dynasty or Jin Empire, sometimes distinguished as the or the , was an Dynasties of China, imperial dynasty in China that existed from 266 to 420. It was founded by Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, eldest son of Sima Zhao, who had previou ...

. Xiahou Wei once met the fortune teller Zhu Jianping (朱建平), who told him, "You'll become a provincial governor by the age of 48, but you'll also encounter a major calamity. If you survive the calamity, you'll live up to 69 and will even become a ducal minister." Xiahou Wei consecutively served as the Inspector (刺史) of Jing and Yan provinces under the Cao Wei state before his 48th birthday. However, just as Zhu Jianping foretold, Xiahou Wei became critically ill by the end of the year. He thought that he would not survive, so he instructed his family to prepare for his funeral. To his surprise, he recovered from his illness towards the end of the 12th lunar month, so he threw a banquet on the eve of the Lunar New Year to celebrate. He told his guests, "I have recovered from my illness. When the sun rises tomorrow, I'll be 49 years old. I have survived the calamity that Zhu Jianping warned me about." After the banquet, he suddenly suffered a relapse and died of illness that night. According to his grandson Xiahou Zhan, Xiahou Wei was posthumously made a marquis with the posthumous name "Mu" (穆).

Family

Xiahou Wei had at least two sons. His first son, Xiahou Jun (夏侯駿; 240-299), courtesy name Zhangrong (长容), served as the Inspector (刺史) of

Bing Province Bingzhou, or Bing Province, was a location in ancient China. According to legend, when Yu the Great (–2100 BC) tamed the flood, he divided the land of China into the Nine Provinces. Historical texts such as the ''Rites of Zhou'', and "Treatise ...

; Jun also married a daughter of

Sima Liang Sima Liang (司馬亮) (before 227 - 25 July 291), courtesy name Ziyi (子翼), formally Prince Wencheng of Ru'nan (汝南文成王), was briefly a regent during the reign of Emperor Hui during the Western Jin dynasty. He was the first of the ...

. During

Qi Wannian Qi Wannian (died February or March 299), or Qiwannian, was an ethnic Di (Five Barbarians), Di chieftain and rebel leader during the Jin dynasty (266–420), Western Jin dynasty of China. In 296, he became the leader of a tribal uprising against ...

's rebellion, Xiahou Jun worked together with

Sima Rong Sima Rong ( zh, , s=司马肜, t=司馬肜; died 18 June 302), courtesy name Zihui (子徽), posthumously known as Prince Xiao of Liang (梁孝王), was the son of Sima Yi and his concubine Lady Zhang, and a younger half-brother of Sima Shi and ...

, Prince of Liang, to undermine

Zhou Chu Zhou Chu (; 236?–12 February 297), courtesy name Ziyin (), was a Western Jin-era Chinese general. He was the son of Zhou Fang, a famous Eastern Wu general. He had a reputation for uprightness and integrity and is the protagonist of a famous Ch ...

; Zhou was later killed in battle. Xiahou Wei's second son, Xiahou Zhuang (夏侯莊), courtesy name Zhongrong (仲容), married Lady Yang (a daughter of

Xin Xianying Xin Xianying (191–269) was a Chinese noblewoman, aristocrat and advisor who lived during the Three Kingdoms period. She was a daughter of Xin Pi, an official of the state of Cao Wei. The only extant historical source about her life is ...

and cousin of

Yang Huiyu Yang Huiyu (214 – July 278), formally known as Empress Jingxian, semi-formally known as Empress Dowager Hongxun (弘訓太后), was an empress dowager of the Jin dynasty of China. She was the third wife of Sima Shi, a regent of the Cao Wei st ...

) and served as the Administrator (太守) of Huainan Commandery (淮南郡). He was also enfeoffed as Marquis of Qingming Village (清明亭侯). Xiahou Zhuang had at least two sons and one daughter. His first son, Xiahou Zhan (夏侯湛; 243 - 23 June 291), served as a Regular Mounted Attendant (散騎常侍) and as the Chancellor (相) of Nanyang State (南陽國). His second son, Xiahou Chun (夏侯淳), served as the Administrator of Yiyang Commandery (弋陽郡). Xiahou Chun's son, Xiahou Cheng (夏侯承), served as a Regular Mounted Attendant under the

. During the final years of Emperor Yuan's reign, Xiahou Cheng was Administrator of Nanping. He then joined an alliance of officials headed by

Gan Zhuo Gan Zhuo (died 23 June 322), courtesy name Jisi, was a military general of the Jin dynasty (266–420). The great-grandson of the famed general, Gan Ning, he was involved in the suppression of Shi Bing's rebellion, but later allied himself with ...

against the powerful official and warlord

Wang Dun Wang Dun ( zh, c=王敦) (266 – early August 324), courtesy name Chuzhong (處仲), nickname Ahei (阿黑), was a Chinese military general and warlord during the Jin dynasty. Having brought Emperor Yuan (Sima Rui) to submission with his mili ...

. However, due to Gan's hesitation, the alliance was defeated and Xiahou Cheng was captured. Wang Dun wanted to execute Xiahou Cheng, but Xiahou Cheng's maternal cousin Wang Hao (王暠, also known as Wang Yi (王廙), and also Wang Dun's cousin) interceded on Cheng's behalf and Cheng was spared; Cheng was then made a Regular Mounted Attendant. Xiahou Zhuang's daughter, Xiahou Guangji (夏侯光姬; died between August 307 and February 308), married the Western Jin dynasty prince Sima Jin (司馬覲; son of

Sima Zhou Sima Zhou (227 – 12 June 283), courtesy name Zijiang, posthumously known as Prince Wu of Langya (琅琊武王), was an imperial prince and military general of the Jin dynasty of China. He previously served in the state of Cao Wei during the T ...

) and gave birth to

Sima Rui Emperor Yuan of Jin (; 276 – 3 January 323), personal name Sima Rui (), courtesy name Jingwen (), was an emperor of the Jin dynasty and the first emperor of the Eastern Jin. He was the great-grandson of Sima Yi, the grandson of Sima Zhou an ...

, the first emperor of the Eastern Jin dynasty. Xiahou Zhuang may have another daughter, who was the mother of Wang Yi (王廙; 276 - 4 November 322), who was an uncle of

Wang Xizhi Wang Xizhi ( zh, c=王羲之; courtesy name: Yishao ( zh, labels=no, c=逸少); ) was a Chinese politician, general and calligrapher from the Jin dynasty (266–420) known for his mastery of Chinese calligraphy. He is often regarded as the great ...

.(王廙，字世将，丞相导从弟，而元帝姨弟也。) ''Jin Shu'', vol.76. The term ''yidi'' is ambiguous as it can mean the younger brother or son of one's maternal aunt or one's wife. Wang's name was also recorded as "Hao" (暠) in some parts of ''Jin Shu'', including the annals of Emperor Yuan (vol.6), Sima Cheng's biography (vol.37), Xun Xu's biography (vol.39, under the entry for Xun Fan's sons Xun Sui and Xun Kai), Guo Shu's biography (vol.43), Huangfu Fanghui's biography (vol.51), Xiahou Zhan's biography (where he was described as Xiahou Cheng's maternal cousin (''waixiong'', 外兄)), and

Du Zeng Du Zeng (died 28 June 319) was a Chinese military general and rebel of the Jin dynasty (266–420). In 312, he joined his fellow general, Hu Kang (胡亢), in rebelling against Jin from Jingling Commandery (竟陵, roughly modern Jingmen, Hubei) ...

's biography (vol.100). By comparing the record in Emperor Yuan's annals ( ��昌元年��十月，...己丑，都督荆梁二州诸军事、平南将军、荆州刺史、武陵侯王暠卒。) and the record in vol.92 of ''Zizhi Tongjian'' ( ��昌元年��，十月，己丑，荆州刺史武陵康侯王廙卒。), it can be deduced that "Wang Yi" and "Wang Hao" were referring to the same person.

References

* Chen, Shou (3rd century). ''

Records of the Three Kingdoms The ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'' is a Chinese official history written by Chen Shou in the late 3rd century CE, covering the end of the Han dynasty (220 CE) and the subsequent Three Kingdoms period (220–280 CE). It is regard ...

'' (''Sanguozhi''). * Fang, Xuanling (ed.) (648). ''

Book of Jin The ''Book of Jin'' is an official Chinese historical text covering the history of the Jin dynasty (266–420), Jin dynasty from 266 to 420. It was compiled in 648 by a number of officials commissioned by the imperial court of the Tang dynasty, ...

'' (''Jin Shu''). * Pei, Songzhi (5th century). ''

Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms ''Annotated Records of the Three Kingdoms'' () by Pei Songzhi (372–451) is an annotation completed in the 5th century of the 3rd century historical text ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', compiled by Chen Shou. After the fall of the Eastern Jin ...

'' (''Sanguozhi zhu''). {{DEFAULTSORT:Xiahou, Wei Year of birth unknown Year of death unknown Cao Wei generals Cao Wei government officials Political office-holders in Shandong

Life

Family

See also

References