Xeris Degrooti
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''Xeris'' is a genus of
horntail Horntails or wood wasps are any of the 150 non-social species of the hymenopteran family Siricidae, a type of xylophagous, wood-eating sawfly. The common name "horntail" derives from the stout, spine-like structure at the end of the adult's abdom ...
s found in North America and Eurasia.
Achille Costa Achille Costa (10 August 1823, Lecce – 17 November 1899 Rome) was an Italian zoologist working mainly in entomology who was appointed director of the Zoological Museum of Naples. He founded the entomological collections in Naples and describe ...
circumscribed the genus in 1894.


Synonyms

In 1987, Malkiat S. Saini and Devinder Singh
circumscribed In geometry, a circumscribed circle for a set of points is a circle passing through each of them. Such a circle is said to ''circumscribe'' the points or a polygon formed from them; such a polygon is said to be ''inscribed'' in the circle. * Circum ...
a new genus, ''Neoxeris'' upon their description of a new species, which they called ''Neoxeris melanocephala''. In 2012, ''N. melanocephala'' was transferred to ''Xeris'', making ''Neoxeris'' a
junior synonym In taxonomy, the scientific classification of living organisms, a synonym is an alternative scientific name for the accepted scientific name of a taxon. The botanical and zoological codes of nomenclature treat the concept of synonymy differently. ...
. ''X. melanocephalus'' was later synonymized with ''X. himalayensis''.


Description

Characteristic features of ''Xeris'' compared to other genera of
Siricidae Horntails or wood wasps are any of the 150 non-social species of the hymenopteran family Siricidae, a type of wood-eating sawfly. The common name "horntail" derives from the stout, spine-like structure at the end of the adult's abdomen which is ...
genera include: a hind wing with which lacks a cell cup, a small vertical ridge behind the eye, and a metatibial spur.


Distribution

''Xeris'' species are found in North America and Eurasia. In North America, they're found from the
boreal forests Taiga or tayga ( ; , ), also known as boreal forest or snow forest, is a biome characterized by coniferous forests consisting mostly of pines, spruces, and larches. The taiga, or boreal forest, is the world's largest land biome. In North Ame ...
in Alaska and Canada south through
Chiapas Chiapas, officially the Free and Sovereign State of Chiapas, is one of the states that make up the Political divisions of Mexico, 32 federal entities of Mexico. It comprises Municipalities of Chiapas, 124 municipalities and its capital and large ...
in southern Mexico. They are found in temperate and boreal regions of Eurasia as well as mountains of southern Eurasia including Morocco, India, China, and Taiwan.


Species

, ''Xeris'' consists of sixteen species: * '' Xeris caudatus'' * '' Xeris chiricahua'' * '' Xeris cobosi'' * '' Xeris degrooti'' * '' Xeris himalayensis'' * '' Xeris indecisus'' * '' Xeris malaisei'' * '' Xeris melancholicus'' * '' Xeris morrisoni'' * '' Xeris pallicoxae'' * ''
Xeris spectrum ''Xeris spectrum'' is a kind of horntail or wood wasp, that lives in coniferous forests. It is large wasp with a powerful ovipositor in females. Unlike other Siricid Wood wasps, ''Xeris spectrum ''does not have symbiotic fungi to aid its larvae ...
'' * '' Xeris tarsalis'' * '' Xeris tropicalis'' * '' Xeris umbra'' * '' Xeris xanthoceros'' * '' Xeris xylocola''


References

Siricidae Taxa named by Achille Costa {{Sawfly-stub