''Oryzias'' is a genus of

ricefish The ricefishes are a family (biology), family (Adrianichthyidae) of small ray-finned fish that are found in fresh and brackish waters from India to Japan and out into the Malay Archipelago, most notably Sulawesi (where the Lake Poso and Lore Lin ...

es native to fresh and

brackish Brackish water, sometimes termed brack water, is water occurring in a natural environment that has more salinity than freshwater, but not as much as seawater. It may result from mixing seawater (salt water) and fresh water together, as in estuari ...

water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the

Japanese rice fish The Japanese rice fish (''Oryzias latipes''), also known as the medaka, is a member of genus ''Oryzias'' (ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae. This small (up to about ) native of Japan is a denizen of rice paddies, marshes, pon ...

(''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a

model organism A model organism is a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena, with the expectation that discoveries made in the model organism will provide insight into the workings of other organisms. Mo ...

, while others have very small ranges and are threatened. They are small, up to long, and most are relatively plain in colour. The genus name ''Oryzias'' is a reference to the

scientific name In Taxonomy (biology), taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin gramm ...

for rice, ''

Oryza ''Oryza'' is a genus of plants in the grass family. It includes the major food crop rice (species '' Oryza sativa'' and '' Oryza glaberrima''). Members of the genus grow as tall, wetland grasses, growing to tall; the genus includes both annua ...

''. They have an unusual reproductive behavior where the female

facultative Facultative means "optional" or "discretionary" (antonym ''obligate''), used mainly in biology in phrases such as: * Facultative (FAC), facultative wetland (FACW), or facultative upland (FACU): wetland indicator statuses for plants * Facultative ...

ly (optionally) carries the eggs in a cluster at the

pelvic The pelvis (: pelves or pelvises) is the lower part of an anatomical trunk, between the abdomen and the thighs (sometimes also called pelvic region), together with its embedded skeleton (sometimes also called bony pelvis or pelvic skeleton). ...

anal fin Fins are moving appendages protruding from the body of fish that interact with water to generate thrust and help the fish swim. Apart from the tail or caudal fin, fish fins have no direct connection with the back bone and are supported o ...

s for a period after they have been fertilized.

Species

These are the currently recognized species in this genus: * ''

Oryzias asinua ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing &

Herder A herder is a pastoralism, pastoral worker responsible for the care and management of a herd or flock of domestic animals, usually on extensive management, open pasture. It is particularly associated with nomadic pastoralism, nomadic or transhuma ...

, 2013 * ''

Oryzias bonneorum ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti, 2008 * ''

Oryzias carnaticus ''Oryzias carnaticus'' or the spotted ricefish are a freshwater–brackish fish species native to the India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Myanmar. Their maximum length is only . They are normally found near the coast, and can live in fresh water and ...

'' Jerdon, 1849 * '' Oryzias celebensis''

Weber Weber may refer to: Places United States * Weber, Missouri, an unincorporated community * Weber City, Virginia, a town * Weber City, Fluvanna County, Virginia, an unincorporated community * Weber County, Utah * Weber Canyon, Utah * Weber R ...

, 1894 (Celebes medaka) * '' Oryzias curvinotus'' Nichols &

Pope The pope is the bishop of Rome and the Head of the Church#Catholic Church, visible head of the worldwide Catholic Church. He is also known as the supreme pontiff, Roman pontiff, or sovereign pontiff. From the 8th century until 1870, the po ...

, 1927 * '' Oryzias dancena''

Hamilton Hamilton may refer to: * Alexander Hamilton (1755/1757–1804), first U.S. Secretary of the Treasury and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States * ''Hamilton'' (musical), a 2015 Broadway musical by Lin-Manuel Miranda ** ''Hamilton'' (al ...

, 1822 * '' Oryzias dopingdopingensis'' Mandagi, Mokodongan,

Tanaka is the fourth most common Japanese surname. It is typically written with the kanji for . Less common variants include , , , , and . People with the surname *, Japanese musician formerly known as Boku no Lyric no Bōyomi *, Japanese voice actres ...

& Yamahira, 2018 * '' Oryzias eversi''

, Hadiaty & Nolte, 2012 * '' Oryzias hadiatyae''

& Chapuis, 2010 (Renny's ricefish) * '' Oryzias haugiangensis'' Roberts, 1998 * '' Oryzias hubbsi'' Roberts, 1998 * '' Oryzias javanicus''

Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Oryzias kalimpaaensis'' Gani, Suhendra,

, Schwarzer, Möhring,

Montenegro , image_flag = Flag of Montenegro.svg , image_coat = Coat of arms of Montenegro.svg , coa_size = 80 , national_motto = , national_anthem = () , image_map = Europe-Mont ...

, Herjayanto & Mokodongan, 2022 * '' Oryzias landangiensis'' Utama, Mandagi, Lawelle, Masengi,

Watanabe Watanabe ( and other variantsSee #Miscellaneous) is a Japanese surname derived from the noble and samurai Watanabe clan, a branch of the Minamoto clan, descending from the Emperor Saga (786-842), the 52nd Emperor of Japan, and refers to a locat ...

, Sawada, Nagano, Kusumi & Yamahira, 2022 * ''

Oryzias latipes The Japanese rice fish (''Oryzias latipes''), also known as the medaka, is a member of genus ''Oryzias'' ( ricefish), the only genus in the subfamily Oryziinae. This small (up to about ) native of Japan is a denizen of rice paddies, marshes, po ...

Temminck Coenraad Jacob Temminck (; 31 March 1778 – 30 January 1858) was a Dutch patrician, zoologist and museum director. Biography Coenraad Jacob Temminck was born on 31 March 1778 in Amsterdam in the Dutch Republic. From his father, Jacob ...

Schlegel Schlegel is a German occupational surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Anthony Schlegel (born 1981), American football player * August Wilhelm Schlegel (1767–1845), German poet, brother of Friedrich * Brad Schlegel (born 1968), C ...

, 1846 (Japanese ricefish) * '' Oryzias loxolepis''

Kobayashi Kobayashi (Japanese language, Japanese: , 'small woods') is the 8th most common Japanese surname. A less common variant is . Notable people with the surname include: Arts Film, television, theater and music *, Japanese actress and voice a ...

, Mokodongan, Horoiwa, Fujimoto,

, Masengi & Yamahira, 2023 * '' Oryzias luzonensis'' Herre & Ablan, 1934 * '' Oryzias marmoratus''

Aurich Aurich (; East Frisian Low Saxon: ''Auerk'', West Frisian: ''Auwerk'', ) is a town in the East Frisian region of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is the capital of the district of Aurich and is the second largest City in East Frisia, both in popula ...

, 1935 (Marmorated medaka) * '' Oryzias matanensis''

, 1935 (Matano medaka) * '' Oryzias mekongensis''

Uwa University of Western Australia (UWA) is a public research university in the Australian state of Western Australia. The university's main campus is in Crawley, a suburb in the City of Perth local government area. UWA was established in 1911 by ...

& Magtoon, 1986 * '' Oryzias melastigma''

McClelland McClelland is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: * Alyssa McClelland, Australian actress * Anthony McClelland, biological father of Lebron James * Charles A. McClelland (1917–2006), American political systems analyst * Charles ...

, 1839 * '' Oryzias minutillus''

Smith Smith may refer to: People and fictional characters * Metalsmith, or simply smith, a craftsman fashioning tools or works of art out of various metals * Smith (given name) * Smith (surname), a family name originating in England ** List of people ...

, 1945 (Dwarf medaka) * '' Oryzias moramoensis'' Utama, Mokodongan, Lawelle, Masengi & Yamahira, 2024 * '' Oryzias nebulosus'' Parenti & Soeroto, 2004 * '' Oryzias nigrimas'' Kottelat, 1990 (black buntingi) * '' Oryzias orthognathus'' Kottelat, 1990 (Sharp-jawed buntingi) * '' Oryzias pectoralis'' Roberts, 1998 * '' Oryzias polylepis'' Möhring, Mokodongan, Gani, Wowor, Annawaty, Böhne &

, 2025 * '' Oryzias profundicola'' Kottelat, 1990 (Yellow finned medaka) * ''

Oryzias sakaizumii ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Asai, Senou & Hosoya, 2012 (Northern medaka) * '' Oryzias sarasinorum''

Popta Canna Maria Louise Popta (31 May 1860 – 13 June 1929)L.B. Holthuis, Biography i1820-1958, Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie page 82 (in Dutch). was a Dutch biologist. Born in Breda, Popta was one of the first women to enrol as a student at ...

, 1905 (Sarasins minnow) * '' Oryzias setnai'' Kulkarni, 1940 (Malabar ricefish) * '' Oryzias sinensis'' Chen,

Chu Chu or CHU may refer to: Chinese history * Chu (state) (c. 1030 BC–223 BC), a state during the Zhou dynasty * Western Chu (206 BC–202 BC), a state founded and ruled by Xiang Yu * Chu Kingdom (Han dynasty) (201 BC–70 AD), a kingdom of the H ...

, 1989 * '' Oryzias soerotoi'' Mokodongan,

& Yamahira, 2014 * '' Oryzias songkhramensis'' Magtoon, 2010 * '' Oryzias timorensis''

& de Beaufort, 1922 * '' Oryzias uwai'' Roberts, 1998 * '' Oryzias wolasi'' Parenti, Hadiaty, Lumbantobing &

, 2013 * ''

Oryzias woworae ''Oryzias'' is a genus of ricefishes native to fresh and brackish water in east and south Asia. Some species are widespread and the Japanese rice fish (''O. latipes'') is commonly used in science as a model organism, while others have very small ...

'' Parenti & Hadiaty, 2010

References

{{Authority control Adrianichthyidae Taxa named by David Starr Jordan Taxa named by John Otterbein Snyder Taxonomy articles created by Polbot