''Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a

hops Hops are the flowers (also called seed cones or strobiles) of the hop plant ''Humulus lupulus'', a member of the Cannabaceae family of flowering plants. They are used primarily as a bittering, flavouring, and stability agent in beer, to whi ...

-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fruit, flowers and leaves.

Description

''Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' is a tree that grows some 8-15m tall. Flowering occurs in February and March in Thailand and Cambodia, with fruit appearing from April to July in Thailand. The wood has an unusual anatomical feature in that amongst the

ray Ray may refer to: Fish * Ray (fish), any cartilaginous fish of the superorder Batoidea * Ray (fish fin anatomy), a bony or horny spine on a fin Science and mathematics * Ray (geometry), half of a line proceeding from an initial point * Ray (g ...

cells there are procumbent, square and upright cells mixed throughout.

Distribution

''Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' is found across Southeast Asia, from Sumatera to Bangladesh. Countries and regions that it grows in include: Indonesia (Sumatera); Malaysia ( Peninsular); Thailand; Cambodia; Vietnam; Laos; Myanmar; and Bangladesh.

Habitat and ecology

It is found in wetland communities of Southeast Asia. Along the

Phra Prong River The Phra Prong River ( th, แม่น้ำพระปรง, , ) or Khlong Phra Prong () is a river in Thailand. Geography The Phra Prong originates in the Sankamphaeng Range, a mountainous area between the districts Watthana Nakhon of Sa Ka ...

( Sa Kaeo Province, eastern Thailand), the riparian vegetation community has large trees scattered along the river bank. The common taxa are '' Hydnocarpus castaneus'', this species, '' Dipterocarpus alatus'', and ''

Crateva magna ''Crateva magna'' is a small wild or cultivated tree native to India, China, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Burma, Indo-China, Indonesia, and Malaysia. It is often found along streams, also in dry, deep boulder formations in Sub-Himalayan tracts. ''Crat ...

''. They show low natural regeneration, with few saplings and seedling. The two species, '' H. castaneus'' and ''X. lanceatum'' do show strong tolerance for flooding. Seedlings of the two taxa showed no elongation or biomass suppression, and adventitious roots were found. This indicates that they may play a strong role in vegetation restoration. Elsewhere on the river is the Bodhivijjalaya College campus of Srinakharinwirot University. The riparian forest associated with this campus has the following trees: ''H. castaneus'', ''

Garuga pinnata ''Garuga pinnata'' is a deciduous tree species from the family Burseraceae. It occurs in Asia: from the Indian sub-continent, southern China and Indo-China; in Vietnam it may be called ''dầu heo''. No subspecies are listed in the Catalogue of ...

'', ''C. magna'', '' Hopea odorata'', ''D. alatus'', '' Streblus asper'', ''

Knema globularia ''Knema globularia'' is a species of plant in the family Myristicaceae. It is a tree found in Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. References Flora of Indo-China globularia ''Glob ...

'', '' Nauclea orientalis'', and ''X. lanceatum''. In the vegetation communities alongside the Mekong in Kratie and Steung Treng Provinces, Cambodia, this taxa is rare in the dense diverse strand community (last to be flooded each year, first to drain). It grows on soils derived from metamorphic sandstone bedrock, at 20-25m altitude. The fruit, flowers and leaves of this tree have been observed to be regularly eaten by fish by fishers in the Mekong at Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos, and the fruit was found amongst the stomach contents of '' Pangasius polyuranadon'' fish examined in that area.

Vernacular names

Thai Thai or THAI may refer to: * Of or from Thailand, a country in Southeast Asia ** Thai people, the dominant ethnic group of Thailand ** Thai language, a Tai-Kadai language spoken mainly in and around Thailand *** Thai script *** Thai (Unicode block ...

the tree is known as ''chumsaeng''. ''Kânsaëng'' and ''pumsaèn'' are names used in Cambodia ( Khmer).. In Lao the plant is called ''soum seng''

Uses

The leaves have been used as a

-substitute in beer making. The wood is used as firewood. The bark is used in folk medicine to treat

chickenpox Chickenpox, also known as varicella, is a highly contagious disease caused by the initial infection with varicella zoster virus (VZV). The disease results in a characteristic skin rash that forms small, itchy blisters, which eventually scab ...

The extract from the fruit displayed excellent inhibitory activity against the plant-pathogenic fungus ''

Magnaporthe grisea ''Magnaporthe grisea'', also known as rice blast fungus, rice rotten neck, rice seedling blight, blast of rice, oval leaf spot of graminea, pitting disease, ryegrass blast, Johnson spot, neck blast, wheat blast, and Imochi (Japanese:稲熱) is a ...

History

The Nederlander botanist Johannes Jacobus Smith (1867-1947) described this species in 1912 in the publication ''Icones

Bogor Bogor ( su, , nl, Buitenzorg) is a city in the West Java province, Indonesia. Located around south of the national capital of Jakarta, Bogor is the 6th largest city in the Jakarta metropolitan area and the 14th overall nationwide.Leiden).

* Dy Phon, P. (2000). Dictionnaire des plantes utilisées au Cambodge: 1-915. chez l'auteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia *Kress, W.J., DeFilipps, R.A., Farr, E. & Kyi, D.Y.Y. (2003). A Checklist of the Trees, Shrubs, Herbs and Climbers of Myanmar Contributions from the United States National Herbarium 45: 1-590. Smithsonian Institution *Lê, T.C. (2003). Danh lục các loài thục vật Việt Nam hecklist of Plant Species of Vietnam3: 1–1248. Hà Noi : Nhà xu?t b?n Nông nghi?p *Mostaph, M.K. & Uddin, S.B. (2013). Dictionary of plant names of Bangladesh, Vasc. Pl.: 1-434. Janokalyan Prokashani, Chittagong, Bangladesh *Newman, M., Ketphanh, S., Svengsuksa, B., Thomas, P., Sengdala, K., Lamxay, V. & Armstrong, K. (2007). A checklist of the vascular plants of Lao PDR: 1-394. Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh *Pendry, C.A. 2001. Polygalaceae. Pp. 498–538 in Santisuk, T. & Larsen, K. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Thailand 7(3): 351-654. The Forest Herbarium, Royal Forest Department *Pendry, C.A. 2014. Polygalaceae. Flora of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam, Fasc. 34. 63 pp., 4 pl. Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh; Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris *Turner, I.M. (1995 publ. 1997). A catalogue of the Vascular Plants of Malaya Gardens' Bulletin Singapore 47(2): 347-655 *Van der Meijden, R. 1982. Systematics and evolution of Xanthophyllum (Polygalaceae). (Leiden Botanical Series 7). 159 pp. E. J. Brill/Leiden University Press, Leiden, The Netherlands. *Van der Meijden, R. 1988. Polygalaceae. Pp. 455–539 in Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.), Flora Malesiana, Ser. I, Vol. 10(3). Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht *Van Steenis, C.G.G.J. & De Wilde, W.J.J.O. (eds.) (1984-1989). Flora Malesiana 10: 1-748. Noordhoff-Kolff N.V., Djakarta

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q17468593 lanceatum Flora of Bangladesh Flora of Indo-China Flora of Malesia Plants described in 1912