''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

it is known as in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

or in the Iban language.

Description

''Xanthophyllum'' species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. '' X. ecarinatum'', '' X. obscurum'' and '' X. stipitatum''.

Distribution and habitat

''Xanthophyllum'' grows naturally from India in tropical

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

to northern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or ''

kerangas The Sundaland heath forest, also known as ''Kerangas'' forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangk ...

'' forests.

Species

, the following is a list of accepted species: *''

Xanthophyllum adenotus ''Xanthophyllum adenotus'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "gland", referring to the leaf glands. Description ''Xanthophyllum adenotus'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum albicaule'' *''

Xanthophyllum amoenum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ancolanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum andamanicum'' *'' Xanthophyllum angustigemma'' *''

Xanthophyllum annamense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum beccarianum ''Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari. Description ''Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is grey-green and smo ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bibracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bicolor ''Xanthophyllum bicolor'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "two-coloured", referring to the different colours of the leaf and petiole. Description ''Xanthophyllum bicolor'' grows up to tall ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bombayanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum borneense ''Xanthophyllum borneense'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for Borneo. Description ''Xanthophyllum borneense'' grows up to tall. The bark is grey-green and smooth. The flowers are pale brownish, drying orange. The pale brown ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brachystachyum ''Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "short spike", referring to the shortness of the inflorescence. Description ''Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' grows up to tal ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brevipes ''Xanthophyllum brevipes'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "short foot", referring to the short petiole of the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum brevipes'' grows up to tall with a trunk ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brigittae ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bullatum ''Xanthophyllum bullatum'' is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process b ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum burkillii'' *'' Xanthophyllum celebicum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium'' *'' Xanthophyllum chartaceum'' *'' Xanthophyllum clovis'' *'' Xanthophyllum cochinchinense'' *''

Xanthophyllum cockburnii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum colubrinum'' *'' Xanthophyllum contractum'' *'' Xanthophyllum crassum'' *'' Xanthophyllum cucullatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum discolor ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum eberhardtii'' *'' Xanthophyllum ecarinatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum eglandulosum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ellipticum'' *''

Xanthophyllum erythrostachyum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

Xanthophyllum longum ''Xanthophyllum longum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'long', referring to the petioles. Description ''Xanthophyllum longum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum macrophyllum'' *''

Xanthophyllum malayanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum manickamii'' *''

Xanthophyllum montanum ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "mountainous", referring to the tree's habitat. Description ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum monticola ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum neglectum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ngii'' *'' Xanthophyllum nigricans'' *'' Xanthophyllum nitidum'' *'' Xanthophyllum novoguinense'' *''

Xanthophyllum obscurum ''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "dark", referring to the dark colour of the dried flowers and fruits. Description ''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' grows up to tall wit ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum octandrum'' *'' Xanthophyllum oliganthum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ovatifolium'' *'' Xanthophyllum pachycarpon'' *'' Xanthophyllum palawanense'' *''

Xanthophyllum papuanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum parvifolium'' *'' Xanthophyllum pauciflorum'' *'' Xanthophyllum pedicellatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum penibukanense ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the village of Penibukan in Malaysia, Malaysia's Sabah state. Description ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk di ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum petiolatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum philippinense'' *'' Xanthophyllum poilanei'' *''

Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus ''Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek, referring to the plant's resemblance to '' X. adenotus''. Description ''Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' grows as a shrub or tree u ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum pubescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum pulchrum'' *'' Xanthophyllum punctatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum purpureum'' *''

Xanthophyllum ramiflorum ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches". Description ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk diamete ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum rectum'' *'' Xanthophyllum reflexum'' *''

Xanthophyllum resupinatum ''Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'upside-down appearance', referring to the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' grows up to tall with a trunk dia ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum reticulatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum retinerve ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum rheophilum'' *'' Xanthophyllum rufum'' *'' Xanthophyllum schizocarpon'' *'' Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum'' *''

Xanthophyllum suberosum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum sulphureum'' *'' Xanthophyllum sylvestre'' *'' Xanthophyllum tardicrescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum tenue'' *'' Xanthophyllum tenuipetalum'' *'' Xanthophyllum trichocladum'' *'' Xanthophyllum velutinum'' *'' Xanthophyllum venosum'' *''

Xanthophyllum virens ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum vitellinum ''Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "egg-yolk yellow", referring to the colour of the flower petals. Description ''Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' grows as a shrub or t ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum wrayi'' *'' Xanthophyllum yunnanense'' *'' Xanthophyllum zeylanicum''

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q784712 Fabales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot