''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning "yellow leaf", referring to how the leaves are often yellow when dry. In Borneo it is known as in

Malay Malay may refer to: Languages * Malay language or Bahasa Melayu, a major Austronesian language spoken in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei and Singapore ** History of the Malay language, the Malay language from the 4th to the 14th century ** Indonesi ...

or in the Iban language.

Description

''Xanthophyllum'' species grow as trees or shrubs. Their twigs are often smooth and are coloured green or yellow. Leaves, when not drying yellow, dry green or dark brown. Flowers feature five petals. The mostly roundish fruits are not winged and measure up to in diameter. Fruits of some species are considered edible, e.g. '' X. ecarinatum'', '' X. obscurum'' and '' X. stipitatum''.

Distribution and habitat

''Xanthophyllum'' grows naturally from India in tropical Asia to northern

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

. The majority of species grow in lowland rainforest. Some species grow at higher altitudes in hill or montane forests. Others occur in peatswamp or ''

kerangas The Sundaland heath forest, also known as ''Kerangas'' forest, is a type of tropical moist forest found on the island of Borneo, which is divided between Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia, as well as on the Indonesian islands of Belitung and Bangk ...

'' forests.

Species

, the following is a list of accepted species: *''

Xanthophyllum adenotus ''Xanthophyllum adenotus'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "gland", referring to the leaf glands. Description ''Xanthophyllum adenotus'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum albicaule'' *''

Xanthophyllum amoenum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ancolanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum andamanicum'' *'' Xanthophyllum angustigemma'' *''

Xanthophyllum annamense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum beccarianum ''Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Italian botanist Odoardo Beccari. Description ''Xanthophyllum beccarianum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark is grey-green and smo ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bibracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bicolor ''Xanthophyllum bicolor'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "two-coloured", referring to the different colours of the leaf and petiole. Description ''Xanthophyllum bicolor'' grows up to tall ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bombayanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum borneense ''Xanthophyllum borneense'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for Borneo. Description ''Xanthophyllum borneense'' grows up to tall. The bark is grey-green and smooth. The flowers are pale brownish, drying orange. The pale brown ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brachystachyum ''Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek meaning "short spike", referring to the shortness of the inflorescence. Description ''Xanthophyllum brachystachyum'' grows up to tal ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bracteatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brevipes ''Xanthophyllum brevipes'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "short foot", referring to the short petiole of the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum brevipes'' grows up to tall with a trunk ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum brigittae ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek meaning ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum bullatum ''Xanthophyllum bullatum'' is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process b ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum burkillii'' *''

Xanthophyllum celebicum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium ''Xanthophyllum ceraceifolium'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a fo ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum chartaceum'' *''

Xanthophyllum clovis ''Xanthophyllum clovis'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the French meaning "nail" or "clove", referring to the clove-like appearance of the buds. Description ''Xanthophyllum clovis'' grows up to tall with ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum cochinchinense'' *''

Xanthophyllum cockburnii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum colubrinum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum contractum ''Xanthophyllum contractum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'contracted', referring to short inflorescences and short fruit stalks. Description ''Xanthophyllum contractum'' grows up to ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum crassum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum cucullatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum discolor ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum eberhardtii'' *''

Xanthophyllum ecarinatum ''Xanthophyllum ecarinatum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a forma ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum eglandulosum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ellipticum ''Xanthophyllum ellipticum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific name (botany), specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "elliptical", referring to the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum ellipticum'' grows as a shrub or tree ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum erythrostachyum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum eurhynchum'' *''

Xanthophyllum excelsum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum ferrugineum'' *'' Xanthophyllum flavescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum fragrans'' *'' Xanthophyllum geesinkii'' *'' Xanthophyllum geminatum'' *''

Xanthophyllum griffithii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum hainanense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum havilandii'' *'' Xanthophyllum heterophyllum'' *'' Xanthophyllum impressum'' *''

Xanthophyllum incertum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum inflatum'' *'' Xanthophyllum ionanthum'' *''

Xanthophyllum korthalsianum ''Xanthophyllum korthalsianum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the Dutch botanist Pieter Willem Korthals. Description ''Xanthophyllum korthalsianum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The inflorescences ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum laeve ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum lanceatum ''Xanthophyllum lanceatum'' is a tree in the Polygalaceae family. It grows across Southeast Asia from Sumatera to Bangladesh. The leaves are used as a hops-substitute in beer making and the wood as fuel. Fish in the Mekong regularly eat the fr ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum lateriflorum'' *''

Xanthophyllum lineare ''Xanthophyllum lineare'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'line', referring to the linear shape of the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum lineare'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum longum ''Xanthophyllum longum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'long', referring to the petioles. Description ''Xanthophyllum longum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The bark ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum macrophyllum ''Xanthophyllum macrophyllum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a fo ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum malayanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum manickamii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum montanum ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "mountainous", referring to the tree's habitat. Description ''Xanthophyllum montanum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum monticola ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum neglectum ''Xanthophyllum neglectum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ngii ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum nigricans'' *''

Xanthophyllum nitidum ''Xanthophyllum nitidum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal s ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum novoguinense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum obscurum ''Xanthophyllum obscurum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a formal ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum octandrum'' *''

Xanthophyllum oliganthum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ovatifolium ''Xanthophyllum ovatifolium'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "egg-shaped leaf". Description ''Xanthophyllum ovatifolium'' has unbranched inflorescences bearing four to six flowers. The f ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum pachycarpon ''Xanthophyllum pachycarpon'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a form ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum palawanense'' *''

Xanthophyllum papuanum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum parvifolium'' *''

Xanthophyllum pauciflorum ''Xanthophyllum pauciflorum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a form ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum pedicellatum ''Xanthophyllum pedicellatum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin, referring to the long pedicel Pedicle or pedicel may refer to: Human anatomy *Pedicle of vertebral arch, the segment between the ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum penibukanense ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is named for the village of Penibukan in Malaysia's Sabah state. Description ''Xanthophyllum penibukanense'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk diameter ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum petiolatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum philippinense'' *'' Xanthophyllum poilanei'' *''

Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus ''Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Greek, referring to the plant's resemblance to '' X. adenotus''. Description ''Xanthophyllum pseudoadenotus'' grows as a shrub or tree u ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum pubescens'' *'' Xanthophyllum pulchrum'' *''

Xanthophyllum punctatum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum purpureum ''Xanthophyllum purpureum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'purple', referring to the flowers. Description ''Xanthophyllum purpureum'' grows as a shrub or small tree up to tall with a t ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum ramiflorum ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "flowering on the branches". Description ''Xanthophyllum ramiflorum'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall with a trunk diamete ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum rectum ''Xanthophyllum rectum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "upright", referring to the inflorescences. Description ''Xanthophyllum rectum'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum reflexum'' *''

Xanthophyllum resupinatum ''Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'upside-down appearance', referring to the leaves. Description ''Xanthophyllum resupinatum'' grows up to tall with a trunk dia ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum reticulatum ''Xanthophyllum reticulatum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'netted', referring to the leaf veins. Description ''Xanthophyllum reticulatum'' grows as a shrub or tree up to tall. The bar ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum retinerve ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum rheophilum'' *''

Xanthophyllum rufum ''Xanthophyllum rufum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'reddish', referring to the colour of the twig hairs. Description ''Xanthophyllum rufum'' grows as a shrub (rarely) or tree up to ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum schizocarpon'' *''

Xanthophyllum stipitatum ''Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "stalked", referring to the ovary of the flower. Description ''Xanthophyllum stipitatum'' grows as a shrub (rarely) or tree up ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum ''Xanthophyllum subcoriaceum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called nomenclature ("two-name naming system") or binary nomenclature, is a fo ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum suberosum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum sulphureum ''Xanthophyllum sulphureum'' is a species of plant in the family Polygalaceae. It is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. It is threatened by habitat loss. References sulphureum Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia Trees of Peninsu ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum sylvestre'' *'' Xanthophyllum tardicrescens'' *''

Xanthophyllum tenue ''Xanthophyllum tenue'' is a tree in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning 'slender', referring to the twigs. Description ''Xanthophyllum tenue'' grows up to tall with a trunk diameter of up to . The smooth ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum tenuipetalum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *'' Xanthophyllum trichocladum'' *'' Xanthophyllum velutinum'' *'' Xanthophyllum venosum'' *''

Xanthophyllum virens ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum vitellinum ''Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' is a plant in the family Polygalaceae. The specific epithet ' is from the Latin meaning "egg-yolk yellow", referring to the colour of the flower petals. Description ''Xanthophyllum vitellinum'' grows as a shrub or t ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum wrayi ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum yunnanense ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek mean ...

'' *''

Xanthophyllum zeylanicum ''Xanthophyllum'' is a genus of about 109 species of trees and shrubs, of the plant family Polygalaceae; (under the Cronquist system it was previously placed in the monotypic family Xanthophyllaceae). The generic name is from the Greek language ...

References

External links

{{Taxonbar, from=Q784712 Fabales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot