The XL Ranch is an

Indian reservation An American Indian reservation is an area of land land tenure, held and governed by a List of federally recognized tribes in the contiguous United States#Description, U.S. federal government-recognized Native American tribal nation, whose gov ...

located in

Modoc County Modoc County () is a county located in the far northeast corner of the U.S. state of California. Its population is 8,700 as of the 2020 census, down from 9,686 from the 2010 census. This makes it California's third-least-populous county. The co ...

, north of

Burney, California Burney is an unincorporated town and census-designated place (CDP) in Shasta County, California, United States. Its population is 3,000 as of the 2020 census, down from 3,154 from the 2010 census. Burney is located on State Route 299, about ...

."California Indians and Their Reservations."
''San Diego State University Library and Information Access.'' 2009 (retrieved 15 Dec 2009) It is home to the Hewisedawi band of the

Pit River Tribe The Pit River Tribe is a federally recognized tribe of eleven bands of indigenous peoples of California. They primarily live along the Pit River in the northeast corner of California.federally recognized tribe A federally recognized tribe is a Native American tribe recognized by the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs as holding a government-to-government relationship with the US federal government. In the United States, the Native American tribe ...

, which includes 9 bands of

Achomawi Achomawi (also Achumawi, Ajumawi and Ahjumawi) are the northerly nine (out of eleven) bands of the Pit River tribe of Palaihnihan Native Americans who live in what is now northeastern California in the United States. These 5 autonomous bands ( ...

IndiansPritzker, 177 and 2 bands of

Atsugewi The Atsugewi are Native Americans in the United States, Native Americans residing in northeastern California, United States. Their traditional lands are near Mount Shasta, specifically the Pit River drainage on Burney, California, Burney, Hat, an ...

Indians. The XL Ranch is sometimes known as XL Rancheria, XL Ranch Indian Reservation, or X-L Ranch Reservation. The reservation was established in 1938 and is . Approximately 40 tribal members live on the reservation.

Language

The band traditionally spoke the Achumawi and

languages, which are closely related. They are part of the Palaihnihan branch of the Hokan language family. Some members of XL Ranch speak the

Northern Paiute language Northern Paiute , endonym Numu or nɨɨmɨ, also known as Paviotso, is a Western Numic language of the Uto-Aztecan family, which according to Marianne Mithun had around 500 fluent speakers in 1994. It is closely related to the Mono language. ...

, a Western Numic language of the

Uto-Aztecan language family The Uto-Aztecan languages are a family of native American languages, consisting of over thirty languages. Uto-Aztecan languages are found almost entirely in the Western United States and Mexico. The name of the language family reflects the common ...

Today

The Pit River Indian Tribe is headquartered in

. Tribal members often find employment in logging and hay ranching. In 2015, federal agents busted a large marijuana grow. The grow had been started in partnership with a Canadian company, but was disputed between the two direct descendants of the Pit River tribe, siblings Phillip Del Rosa and Wendy Del Rosa.

Notes

References

* Pritzker, Barry M. ''A Native American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.'' Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. . {{authority control Achomawi Atsugewi Pit River tribes American Indian reservations in California Geography of Modoc County, California Federally recognized tribes in the United States 1938 establishments in California