Władysław Heinrich (

Warsaw Warsaw, officially the Capital City of Warsaw, is the capital and List of cities and towns in Poland, largest city of Poland. The metropolis stands on the Vistula, River Vistula in east-central Poland. Its population is officially estimated at ...

, 1 January 1869 – 30 June 1957,

Kraków , officially the Royal Capital City of Kraków, is the List of cities and towns in Poland, second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city has a population of 804,237 ...

Poland Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It extends from the Baltic Sea in the north to the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains in the south, bordered by Lithuania and Russia to the northeast, Belarus and Ukrai ...

) was a Polish historian of philosophy, psychologist, professor at Kraków University and member of the

Polish Academy of Learning The Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences or Polish Academy of Learning (, PAU), headquartered in Kraków and founded in 1872, is one of two institutions in contemporary Poland having the nature of an academy of sciences (the other being the Po ...

Life

Władysław Heinrich studied mathematics, the

natural sciences Natural science or empirical science is one of the branches of science concerned with the description, understanding and prediction of natural phenomena, based on empirical evidence from observation and experimentation. Mechanisms such as peer ...

and philosophy. In philosophy he was a student of Richard Avenarius at the

University of Zurich The University of Zurich (UZH, ) is a public university, public research university in Zurich, Switzerland. It is the largest university in Switzerland, with its 28,000 enrolled students. It was founded in 1833 from the existing colleges of the ...

and applied his radical

positivism Positivism is a philosophical school that holds that all genuine knowledge is either true by definition or positivemeaning '' a posteriori'' facts derived by reason and logic from sensory experience.John J. Macionis, Linda M. Gerber, ''Soci ...

to psychology: Heinrich pointed out that the new

experimental psychology Experimental psychology is the work done by those who apply Experiment, experimental methods to psychological study and the underlying processes. Experimental psychologists employ Research participant, human participants and Animal testing, anim ...

of the time was based on

metaphysical Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that examines the basic structure of reality. It is traditionally seen as the study of mind-independent features of the world, but some theorists view it as an inquiry into the conceptual framework of h ...

concepts and premises, on constructions and introjections. In opposition to it, he proposed a psychology based on pure experiment (''Die moderne physiologische Psychologie in Deutschland''—Modern Physiological Psychology in Germany, 1897).

Władysław Tatarkiewicz Władysław Tatarkiewicz (; 3 April 1886 – 4 April 1980) was a Polish philosopher, historian of philosophy, historian of art, esthetician, and ethicist. Early life and education Tatarkiewicz began his higher education at Warsaw University ...

, ''Historia filozofii'' (History of Philosophy), vol. III, p. 359. Settling in

, Heinrich conducted research in this spirit (''Teorie i wyniki badań psychologicznych''—Theories and Results of Psychological Research, 1902). He authored the first report in experimental psychology to be presented to the

Academy of Learning Academy of Learning (; AU) was a primary Polish scientific institution during the annexation of Poland established in 1871. It was founded in Kraków as a continuation of the ''Kraków Scientific Society'' (''Towarzystwo Naukowe Krakowskie''). Th ...

, ''O wahaniach natężenia zaledwie dostrzegalnych wrażeń'' (On Fluctuations in the Intensity of Barely Perceptible Sensations, 1898). Heinrich worked at Kraków University in the physics department, then took over a chair of psychology and philosophy. He was also active in the

history of philosophy The history of philosophy is the systematic study of the development of philosophical thought. It focuses on philosophy as rational inquiry based on argumentation, but some theorists also include myth, religious traditions, and proverbial lor ...

(proposing the creation, in the Academy of Learning, of the Committee for the History of Philosophy in Poland). Above all, he was the first in Kraków to develop the new radical

empiricist In philosophy, empiricism is an epistemological view which holds that true knowledge or justification comes only or primarily from sensory experience and empirical evidence. It is one of several competing views within epistemology, along ...

philosophy connected with the natural sciences. He was concerned especially with

methodological In its most common sense, methodology is the study of research methods. However, the term can also refer to the methods themselves or to the philosophical discussion of associated background assumptions. A method is a structured procedure for bri ...

questions, and was the first to present these at the

, ''Zarys dziejów...'', p. 29.

Works

* ''Die moderne physiologische Psychologie in Deutschland'' (Modern

Physiological Psychology Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experime ...

Germany Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It lies between the Baltic Sea and the North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south. Its sixteen States of Germany, constituent states have a total popu ...

, 1897, in

German German(s) may refer to: * Germany, the country of the Germans and German things **Germania (Roman era) * Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language ** For citizenship in Germany, see also Ge ...

) * ''O wahaniach w natężeniu zaledwie dostrzegalnych wrażeń optycznych i akustycznych'' (On Fluctuations in the Intensity of Barely Perceptible

Optical Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultravio ...

and Acoustic Sensations, 1899) * ''Przegląd badań nad wrażeniami barwnymi'' (A Review of Research into

Color Color (or colour in English in the Commonwealth of Nations, Commonwealth English; American and British English spelling differences#-our, -or, see spelling differences) is the visual perception based on the electromagnetic spectrum. Though co ...

Sensation, 1901) * ''Teorie i wyniki badań psychologicznych'' (Theories and Results of

Psychological Psychology is the scientific study of mind and behavior. Its subject matter includes the behavior of humans and nonhumans, both consciousness, conscious and Unconscious mind, unconscious phenomena, and mental processes such as thoughts, feel ...

Research, 1902) * ''Psychologia uczuć'' (The Psychology of

Feeling According to the '' APA Dictionary of Psychology'', a feeling is "a self-contained phenomenal experience"; feelings are "subjective, evaluative, and independent of the sensations, thoughts, or images evoking them". The term ''feeling'' is closel ...

s, 1907) * ''Johannes Scotus Eriugena i Spinoza'' (

Johannes Scotus Eriugena John Scotus Eriugena, also known as Johannes Scotus Erigena, John the Scot or John the Irish-born ( – c. 877), was an Irish Neoplatonist philosopher, theologian and poet of the Early Middle Ages. Bertrand Russell dubbed him "the most ...

and

Spinoza Baruch (de) Spinoza (24 November 163221 February 1677), also known under his Latinized pen name Benedictus de Spinoza, was a philosopher of Portuguese-Jewish origin, who was born in the Dutch Republic. A forerunner of the Age of Enlightenmen ...

, 1909) * ''Filozofia grecka do Platona'' (

Greek Philosophy Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC. Philosophy was used to make sense of the world using reason. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, epistemology, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysic ...

Plato Plato ( ; Greek language, Greek: , ; born BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical Greece, Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the writte ...

, 1914) * ''Stereoskopia monokularna'' (

Monocular A monocular is a compact refracting telescope used to magnify images of distant objects, typically using an optical prism to ensure an erect image, instead of using relay lenses like most telescopic sights. The volume and weight of a monocula ...

Stereoscopy Stereoscopy, also called stereoscopics or stereo imaging, is a technique for creating or enhancing the depth perception, illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision. The word ''stereoscopy'' derives . Any ster ...

, 1936) * ''Les fonctions des capillaires et la concentration de l'attention'' (

Capillary A capillary is a small blood vessel, from 5 to 10 micrometres in diameter, and is part of the microcirculation system. Capillaries are microvessels and the smallest blood vessels in the body. They are composed of only the tunica intima (the inn ...

Functions and Concentration of

Attention Attention or focus, is the concentration of awareness on some phenomenon to the exclusion of other stimuli. It is the selective concentration on discrete information, either subjectively or objectively. William James (1890) wrote that "Atte ...

, 1938, in French, with

Tomasz Strzembosz Tomasz Strzembosz (11 September 1930 – 16 October 2004) was a Polish people, Polish historian and writer who specialized in the World War II History of Poland (1939–1945), history of Poland. He was a professor at the Polish Academy of Scienc ...

) * ''Notes sur les reactions de capillaires pendant l'excitation des centres visuels de l'ecorce cerebrale'' (Notes on Capillary Reactions during Excitation of Cerebral-Cortex

Visual The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light). The system detects, transduces and interprets information concerning light within the visible range to construct an image and buil ...

Centers, 1938, in French)

Notes

References

, ''Historia filozofii, tom trzeci: Filozofia XIX wieku i współczesna'' (History of Philosophy, vol. III: 19th-Century and Contemporary Philosophy), Warsaw,

Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN (''Polish Scientific Publishers PWN''; until 1991 ''Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe'' - ''National Scientific Publishers PWN'', PWN) is a Polish book publisher, founded in 1951, when it split from the Wydawnictwa Szkolne i ...

, 1978. *

, ''Zarys dziejów filozofii w Polsce'' (A Brief History of Philosophy in Poland), n the series:''Historia nauki polskiej w monografiach'' (History of Polish Learning in Monographs), olumeXXXII,

, Polska Akademia Umiejętności (

), 1948. This monograph draws from pertinent sections in earlier editions of the author's ''Historia filozofii'' (History of Philosophy). *"Władysław Heinrich," ''Biogramy uczonych polskich, część I: Nauki społeczne, zeszyt 1: A–J'',

Wrocław Wrocław is a city in southwestern Poland, and the capital of the Lower Silesian Voivodeship. It is the largest city and historical capital of the region of Silesia. It lies on the banks of the Oder River in the Silesian Lowlands of Central Eu ...

, 1983 ("Władysław Heinrich," Biograms of Polish Scientists, part I: Social Sciences, vol. 1: A–J). {{DEFAULTSORT:Heinrich, Wladyslaw 1869 births 1957 deaths Polish psychologists University of Zurich alumni Polish historians of philosophy 20th-century Polish philosophers

Life

Works

See also

Notes

References